About Mass Communication and Journalism MCQs
Mass Communication and Journalism is a popular optional subject in CSS and PMS, and a core subject for media students. It covers the theoretical foundations of communication, the history of the press, media ethics, and modern digital journalism.
Topics Covered in This Category
- Communication Theory: Models of communication, agenda-setting, and media effects.
- History of Press: The evolution of newspapers and media in Pakistan and globally.
- Journalism Practices: News reporting, editing, headline writing, and investigative journalism.
- Media Laws & Ethics: Press ordinances, PEMRA, defamation, and media codes of conduct.
How to Prepare for Mass Communication MCQs
Memorize the key theorists and their theories (e.g., Shannon-Weaver, Lasswell). Keep a separate list of media laws and regulatory bodies in Pakistan. Stay updated with current affairs, especially as they relate to media freedom, social media trends, and digital journalism.
Question 201: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q201)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Kurt Lewin / David Manning White
Explanation: Kurt Lewin / David Manning White formulated Gatekeeping Theory, which emphasizes Information filtering.
Question 202: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q202)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Mean World Syndrome
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Cultivation Theory specifically explains Long-term television exposure.
Question 203: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q203)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Conformity to public opinion
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Conformity to public opinion is a cornerstone concept in Spiral of Silence.
Question 204: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Active audience theory'? (Q204)
- A Uses and Gratification
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Uses and Gratification proposed by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch focuses on Audience media consumption motives.
Question 205: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q205)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz
Explanation: Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz formulated Two-Step Flow Theory, which emphasizes Opinion Leaders.
Question 206: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Framing Theory'? (Q206)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Media presentation angle
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Framing Theory specifically explains How issues are constructed.
Question 207: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Priming Theory'? (Q207)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Influencing evaluation criteria
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Influencing evaluation criteria is a cornerstone concept in Priming Theory.
Question 208: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Adopter categories'? (Q208)
- A Diffusion of Innovations
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Diffusion of Innovations proposed by Everett Rogers focuses on Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards.
Question 209: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q209)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Frankfurt School / Early Theorists
Explanation: Frankfurt School / Early Theorists formulated Hypodermic Needle Theory, which emphasizes Direct and powerful effect.
Question 210: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q210)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Observation and imitation
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Social Learning Theory specifically explains Bobo doll experiment.
Question 211: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q211)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Technical noise in channel
- C Linear communication flow
- D Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
Explanation: Technical noise in channel is a cornerstone concept in Shannon-Weaver Model.
Question 212: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of '5 Ws Paradigm'? (Q212)
- A Lasswell's Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Schramm's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Lasswell's Model proposed by Harold Lasswell focuses on Linear communication flow.
Question 213: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Schramm's Model'? (Q213)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C David Berlo
- D Wilbur Schramm
Explanation: Wilbur Schramm formulated Schramm's Model, which emphasizes Field of Experience.
Question 214: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q214)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Berlo's SMCR Model specifically explains Interpersonal and behavioral factors.
Question 215: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q215)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Chapel Hill study (1968)
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Chapel Hill study (1968) is a cornerstone concept in Agenda-Setting Theory.
Question 216: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Information filtering'? (Q216)
- A Gatekeeping Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Gatekeeping Theory proposed by Kurt Lewin / David Manning White focuses on Selection of news items.
Question 217: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q217)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D George Gerbner
Explanation: George Gerbner formulated Cultivation Theory, which emphasizes Mean World Syndrome.
Question 218: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q218)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Fear of isolation
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Spiral of Silence specifically explains Conformity to public opinion.
Question 219: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q219)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Audience media consumption motives
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Audience media consumption motives is a cornerstone concept in Uses and Gratification.
Question 220: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Opinion Leaders'? (Q220)
- A Two-Step Flow Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Two-Step Flow Theory proposed by Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz focuses on Erie County voting study.
Question 221: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Framing Theory'? (Q221)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Erving Goffman
Explanation: Erving Goffman formulated Framing Theory, which emphasizes Media presentation angle.
Question 222: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Priming Theory'? (Q222)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Pre-activating concepts
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Priming Theory specifically explains Influencing evaluation criteria.
Question 223: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q223)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards is a cornerstone concept in Diffusion of Innovations.
Question 224: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Direct and powerful effect'? (Q224)
- A Hypodermic Needle Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Hypodermic Needle Theory proposed by Frankfurt School / Early Theorists focuses on Magic Bullet concept.
Question 225: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q225)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Albert Bandura
Explanation: Albert Bandura formulated Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes Observation and imitation.
Question 226: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q226)
- A Field of Experience
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C Mathematical Model
- D 5 Ws Paradigm
Explanation: Shannon-Weaver Model specifically explains Technical noise in channel.
Question 227: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q227)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Linear communication flow
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
Explanation: Linear communication flow is a cornerstone concept in Lasswell's Model.
Question 228: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Field of Experience'? (Q228)
- A Schramm's Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Schramm's Model proposed by Wilbur Schramm focuses on Overlap of encoder/decoder experience.
Question 229: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q229)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D David Berlo
Explanation: David Berlo formulated Berlo's SMCR Model, which emphasizes Source-Message-Channel-Receiver.
Question 230: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q230)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Media sets public agenda
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Agenda-Setting Theory specifically explains Chapel Hill study (1968).
Question 231: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q231)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Selection of news items
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Selection of news items is a cornerstone concept in Gatekeeping Theory.
Question 232: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Mean World Syndrome'? (Q232)
- A Cultivation Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Cultivation Theory proposed by George Gerbner focuses on Long-term television exposure.
Question 233: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q233)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
Explanation: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann formulated Spiral of Silence, which emphasizes Fear of isolation.
Question 234: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q234)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Active audience theory
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Uses and Gratification specifically explains Audience media consumption motives.
Question 235: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q235)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Erie County voting study
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Erie County voting study is a cornerstone concept in Two-Step Flow Theory.
Question 236: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Media presentation angle'? (Q236)
- A Framing Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Framing Theory proposed by Erving Goffman focuses on How issues are constructed.
Question 237: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Priming Theory'? (Q237)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Liyengar and Kinder
Explanation: Liyengar and Kinder formulated Priming Theory, which emphasizes Pre-activating concepts.
Question 238: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q238)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Adopter categories
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Diffusion of Innovations specifically explains Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards.
Question 239: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q239)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Magic Bullet concept
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Magic Bullet concept is a cornerstone concept in Hypodermic Needle Theory.
Question 240: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Observation and imitation'? (Q240)
- A Social Learning Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Social Learning Theory proposed by Albert Bandura focuses on Bobo doll experiment.
Question 241: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q241)
- A Harold Lasswell
- B Wilbur Schramm
- C David Berlo
- D Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
Explanation: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver formulated Shannon-Weaver Model, which emphasizes Mathematical Model.
Question 242: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q242)
- A Field of Experience
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C 5 Ws Paradigm
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Lasswell's Model specifically explains Linear communication flow.
Question 243: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Schramm's Model'? (Q243)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Overlap of encoder/decoder experience is a cornerstone concept in Schramm's Model.
Question 244: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Source-Message-Channel-Receiver'? (Q244)
- A Berlo's SMCR Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Berlo's SMCR Model proposed by David Berlo focuses on Interpersonal and behavioral factors.
Question 245: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q245)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D McCombs and Shaw
Explanation: McCombs and Shaw formulated Agenda-Setting Theory, which emphasizes Media sets public agenda.
Question 246: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q246)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Information filtering
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Gatekeeping Theory specifically explains Selection of news items.
Question 247: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q247)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Long-term television exposure
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Long-term television exposure is a cornerstone concept in Cultivation Theory.
Question 248: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Fear of isolation'? (Q248)
- A Spiral of Silence
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Spiral of Silence proposed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann focuses on Conformity to public opinion.
Question 249: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q249)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch
Explanation: Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch formulated Uses and Gratification, which emphasizes Active audience theory.
Question 250: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q250)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Opinion Leaders
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Two-Step Flow Theory specifically explains Erie County voting study.