About Mass Communication and Journalism MCQs
Mass Communication and Journalism is a popular optional subject in CSS and PMS, and a core subject for media students. It covers the theoretical foundations of communication, the history of the press, media ethics, and modern digital journalism.
Topics Covered in This Category
- Communication Theory: Models of communication, agenda-setting, and media effects.
- History of Press: The evolution of newspapers and media in Pakistan and globally.
- Journalism Practices: News reporting, editing, headline writing, and investigative journalism.
- Media Laws & Ethics: Press ordinances, PEMRA, defamation, and media codes of conduct.
How to Prepare for Mass Communication MCQs
Memorize the key theorists and their theories (e.g., Shannon-Weaver, Lasswell). Keep a separate list of media laws and regulatory bodies in Pakistan. Stay updated with current affairs, especially as they relate to media freedom, social media trends, and digital journalism.
Question 151: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q151)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Technical noise in channel
- C Linear communication flow
- D Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
Explanation: Technical noise in channel is a cornerstone concept in Shannon-Weaver Model.
Question 152: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of '5 Ws Paradigm'? (Q152)
- A Lasswell's Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Schramm's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Lasswell's Model proposed by Harold Lasswell focuses on Linear communication flow.
Question 153: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Schramm's Model'? (Q153)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C David Berlo
- D Wilbur Schramm
Explanation: Wilbur Schramm formulated Schramm's Model, which emphasizes Field of Experience.
Question 154: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q154)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Berlo's SMCR Model specifically explains Interpersonal and behavioral factors.
Question 155: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q155)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Chapel Hill study (1968)
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Chapel Hill study (1968) is a cornerstone concept in Agenda-Setting Theory.
Question 156: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Information filtering'? (Q156)
- A Gatekeeping Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Gatekeeping Theory proposed by Kurt Lewin / David Manning White focuses on Selection of news items.
Question 157: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q157)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D George Gerbner
Explanation: George Gerbner formulated Cultivation Theory, which emphasizes Mean World Syndrome.
Question 158: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q158)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Fear of isolation
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Spiral of Silence specifically explains Conformity to public opinion.
Question 159: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q159)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Audience media consumption motives
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Audience media consumption motives is a cornerstone concept in Uses and Gratification.
Question 160: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Opinion Leaders'? (Q160)
- A Two-Step Flow Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Two-Step Flow Theory proposed by Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz focuses on Erie County voting study.
Question 161: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Framing Theory'? (Q161)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Erving Goffman
Explanation: Erving Goffman formulated Framing Theory, which emphasizes Media presentation angle.
Question 162: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Priming Theory'? (Q162)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Pre-activating concepts
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Priming Theory specifically explains Influencing evaluation criteria.
Question 163: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q163)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards is a cornerstone concept in Diffusion of Innovations.
Question 164: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Direct and powerful effect'? (Q164)
- A Hypodermic Needle Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Hypodermic Needle Theory proposed by Frankfurt School / Early Theorists focuses on Magic Bullet concept.
Question 165: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q165)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Albert Bandura
Explanation: Albert Bandura formulated Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes Observation and imitation.
Question 166: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q166)
- A Field of Experience
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C Mathematical Model
- D 5 Ws Paradigm
Explanation: Shannon-Weaver Model specifically explains Technical noise in channel.
Question 167: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q167)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Linear communication flow
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
Explanation: Linear communication flow is a cornerstone concept in Lasswell's Model.
Question 168: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Field of Experience'? (Q168)
- A Schramm's Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Schramm's Model proposed by Wilbur Schramm focuses on Overlap of encoder/decoder experience.
Question 169: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q169)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D David Berlo
Explanation: David Berlo formulated Berlo's SMCR Model, which emphasizes Source-Message-Channel-Receiver.
Question 170: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q170)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Media sets public agenda
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Agenda-Setting Theory specifically explains Chapel Hill study (1968).
Question 171: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q171)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Selection of news items
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Selection of news items is a cornerstone concept in Gatekeeping Theory.
Question 172: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Mean World Syndrome'? (Q172)
- A Cultivation Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Cultivation Theory proposed by George Gerbner focuses on Long-term television exposure.
Question 173: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q173)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
Explanation: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann formulated Spiral of Silence, which emphasizes Fear of isolation.
Question 174: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q174)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Active audience theory
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Uses and Gratification specifically explains Audience media consumption motives.
Question 175: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q175)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Erie County voting study
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Erie County voting study is a cornerstone concept in Two-Step Flow Theory.
Question 176: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Media presentation angle'? (Q176)
- A Framing Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Framing Theory proposed by Erving Goffman focuses on How issues are constructed.
Question 177: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Priming Theory'? (Q177)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Liyengar and Kinder
Explanation: Liyengar and Kinder formulated Priming Theory, which emphasizes Pre-activating concepts.
Question 178: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q178)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Adopter categories
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Diffusion of Innovations specifically explains Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards.
Question 179: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q179)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Magic Bullet concept
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Magic Bullet concept is a cornerstone concept in Hypodermic Needle Theory.
Question 180: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Observation and imitation'? (Q180)
- A Social Learning Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Social Learning Theory proposed by Albert Bandura focuses on Bobo doll experiment.
Question 181: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q181)
- A Harold Lasswell
- B Wilbur Schramm
- C David Berlo
- D Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
Explanation: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver formulated Shannon-Weaver Model, which emphasizes Mathematical Model.
Question 182: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q182)
- A Field of Experience
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C 5 Ws Paradigm
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Lasswell's Model specifically explains Linear communication flow.
Question 183: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Schramm's Model'? (Q183)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Overlap of encoder/decoder experience is a cornerstone concept in Schramm's Model.
Question 184: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Source-Message-Channel-Receiver'? (Q184)
- A Berlo's SMCR Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Berlo's SMCR Model proposed by David Berlo focuses on Interpersonal and behavioral factors.
Question 185: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q185)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D McCombs and Shaw
Explanation: McCombs and Shaw formulated Agenda-Setting Theory, which emphasizes Media sets public agenda.
Question 186: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q186)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Information filtering
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Gatekeeping Theory specifically explains Selection of news items.
Question 187: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q187)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Long-term television exposure
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Long-term television exposure is a cornerstone concept in Cultivation Theory.
Question 188: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Fear of isolation'? (Q188)
- A Spiral of Silence
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Spiral of Silence proposed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann focuses on Conformity to public opinion.
Question 189: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q189)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch
Explanation: Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch formulated Uses and Gratification, which emphasizes Active audience theory.
Question 190: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q190)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Opinion Leaders
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Two-Step Flow Theory specifically explains Erie County voting study.
Question 191: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Framing Theory'? (Q191)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B How issues are constructed
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: How issues are constructed is a cornerstone concept in Framing Theory.
Question 192: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Pre-activating concepts'? (Q192)
- A Priming Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Priming Theory proposed by Liyengar and Kinder focuses on Influencing evaluation criteria.
Question 193: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q193)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Everett Rogers
Explanation: Everett Rogers formulated Diffusion of Innovations, which emphasizes Adopter categories.
Question 194: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q194)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Direct and powerful effect
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Hypodermic Needle Theory specifically explains Magic Bullet concept.
Question 195: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q195)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Bobo doll experiment
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Bobo doll experiment is a cornerstone concept in Social Learning Theory.
Question 196: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Mathematical Model'? (Q196)
- A Shannon-Weaver Model
- B Lasswell's Model
- C Schramm's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Shannon-Weaver Model proposed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver focuses on Technical noise in channel.
Question 197: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q197)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Wilbur Schramm
- C David Berlo
- D Harold Lasswell
Explanation: Harold Lasswell formulated Lasswell's Model, which emphasizes 5 Ws Paradigm.
Question 198: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Schramm's Model'? (Q198)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C Field of Experience
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Schramm's Model specifically explains Overlap of encoder/decoder experience.
Question 199: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q199)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Interpersonal and behavioral factors is a cornerstone concept in Berlo's SMCR Model.
Question 200: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Media sets public agenda'? (Q200)
- A Agenda-Setting Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Agenda-Setting Theory proposed by McCombs and Shaw focuses on Chapel Hill study (1968).