About Mass Communication and Journalism MCQs
Mass Communication and Journalism is a popular optional subject in CSS and PMS, and a core subject for media students. It covers the theoretical foundations of communication, the history of the press, media ethics, and modern digital journalism.
Topics Covered in This Category
- Communication Theory: Models of communication, agenda-setting, and media effects.
- History of Press: The evolution of newspapers and media in Pakistan and globally.
- Journalism Practices: News reporting, editing, headline writing, and investigative journalism.
- Media Laws & Ethics: Press ordinances, PEMRA, defamation, and media codes of conduct.
How to Prepare for Mass Communication MCQs
Memorize the key theorists and their theories (e.g., Shannon-Weaver, Lasswell). Keep a separate list of media laws and regulatory bodies in Pakistan. Stay updated with current affairs, especially as they relate to media freedom, social media trends, and digital journalism.
Question 101: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Framing Theory'? (Q101)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Erving Goffman
Explanation: Erving Goffman formulated Framing Theory, which emphasizes Media presentation angle.
Question 102: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Priming Theory'? (Q102)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Pre-activating concepts
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Priming Theory specifically explains Influencing evaluation criteria.
Question 103: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q103)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards is a cornerstone concept in Diffusion of Innovations.
Question 104: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Direct and powerful effect'? (Q104)
- A Hypodermic Needle Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Hypodermic Needle Theory proposed by Frankfurt School / Early Theorists focuses on Magic Bullet concept.
Question 105: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q105)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Albert Bandura
Explanation: Albert Bandura formulated Social Learning Theory, which emphasizes Observation and imitation.
Question 106: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q106)
- A Field of Experience
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C Mathematical Model
- D 5 Ws Paradigm
Explanation: Shannon-Weaver Model specifically explains Technical noise in channel.
Question 107: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q107)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Linear communication flow
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
Explanation: Linear communication flow is a cornerstone concept in Lasswell's Model.
Question 108: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Field of Experience'? (Q108)
- A Schramm's Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Schramm's Model proposed by Wilbur Schramm focuses on Overlap of encoder/decoder experience.
Question 109: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q109)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D David Berlo
Explanation: David Berlo formulated Berlo's SMCR Model, which emphasizes Source-Message-Channel-Receiver.
Question 110: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q110)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Media sets public agenda
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Agenda-Setting Theory specifically explains Chapel Hill study (1968).
Question 111: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q111)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Selection of news items
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Selection of news items is a cornerstone concept in Gatekeeping Theory.
Question 112: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Mean World Syndrome'? (Q112)
- A Cultivation Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Cultivation Theory proposed by George Gerbner focuses on Long-term television exposure.
Question 113: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q113)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
Explanation: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann formulated Spiral of Silence, which emphasizes Fear of isolation.
Question 114: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q114)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Active audience theory
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Uses and Gratification specifically explains Audience media consumption motives.
Question 115: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q115)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Erie County voting study
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Erie County voting study is a cornerstone concept in Two-Step Flow Theory.
Question 116: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Media presentation angle'? (Q116)
- A Framing Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Framing Theory proposed by Erving Goffman focuses on How issues are constructed.
Question 117: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Priming Theory'? (Q117)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Liyengar and Kinder
Explanation: Liyengar and Kinder formulated Priming Theory, which emphasizes Pre-activating concepts.
Question 118: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q118)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Adopter categories
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Diffusion of Innovations specifically explains Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards.
Question 119: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q119)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Magic Bullet concept
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Magic Bullet concept is a cornerstone concept in Hypodermic Needle Theory.
Question 120: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Observation and imitation'? (Q120)
- A Social Learning Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Social Learning Theory proposed by Albert Bandura focuses on Bobo doll experiment.
Question 121: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q121)
- A Harold Lasswell
- B Wilbur Schramm
- C David Berlo
- D Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
Explanation: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver formulated Shannon-Weaver Model, which emphasizes Mathematical Model.
Question 122: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q122)
- A Field of Experience
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C 5 Ws Paradigm
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Lasswell's Model specifically explains Linear communication flow.
Question 123: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Schramm's Model'? (Q123)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Overlap of encoder/decoder experience is a cornerstone concept in Schramm's Model.
Question 124: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Source-Message-Channel-Receiver'? (Q124)
- A Berlo's SMCR Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Berlo's SMCR Model proposed by David Berlo focuses on Interpersonal and behavioral factors.
Question 125: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q125)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D McCombs and Shaw
Explanation: McCombs and Shaw formulated Agenda-Setting Theory, which emphasizes Media sets public agenda.
Question 126: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q126)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Information filtering
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Gatekeeping Theory specifically explains Selection of news items.
Question 127: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q127)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Long-term television exposure
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Long-term television exposure is a cornerstone concept in Cultivation Theory.
Question 128: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Fear of isolation'? (Q128)
- A Spiral of Silence
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Spiral of Silence proposed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann focuses on Conformity to public opinion.
Question 129: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q129)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch
Explanation: Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch formulated Uses and Gratification, which emphasizes Active audience theory.
Question 130: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q130)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Opinion Leaders
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Two-Step Flow Theory specifically explains Erie County voting study.
Question 131: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Framing Theory'? (Q131)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B How issues are constructed
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: How issues are constructed is a cornerstone concept in Framing Theory.
Question 132: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Pre-activating concepts'? (Q132)
- A Priming Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Priming Theory proposed by Liyengar and Kinder focuses on Influencing evaluation criteria.
Question 133: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q133)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Everett Rogers
Explanation: Everett Rogers formulated Diffusion of Innovations, which emphasizes Adopter categories.
Question 134: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q134)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Direct and powerful effect
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Hypodermic Needle Theory specifically explains Magic Bullet concept.
Question 135: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q135)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Bobo doll experiment
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Bobo doll experiment is a cornerstone concept in Social Learning Theory.
Question 136: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Mathematical Model'? (Q136)
- A Shannon-Weaver Model
- B Lasswell's Model
- C Schramm's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Shannon-Weaver Model proposed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver focuses on Technical noise in channel.
Question 137: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q137)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Wilbur Schramm
- C David Berlo
- D Harold Lasswell
Explanation: Harold Lasswell formulated Lasswell's Model, which emphasizes 5 Ws Paradigm.
Question 138: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Schramm's Model'? (Q138)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C Field of Experience
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Schramm's Model specifically explains Overlap of encoder/decoder experience.
Question 139: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q139)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Interpersonal and behavioral factors is a cornerstone concept in Berlo's SMCR Model.
Question 140: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Media sets public agenda'? (Q140)
- A Agenda-Setting Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Agenda-Setting Theory proposed by McCombs and Shaw focuses on Chapel Hill study (1968).
Question 141: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q141)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Kurt Lewin / David Manning White
Explanation: Kurt Lewin / David Manning White formulated Gatekeeping Theory, which emphasizes Information filtering.
Question 142: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q142)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Mean World Syndrome
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Cultivation Theory specifically explains Long-term television exposure.
Question 143: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q143)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Conformity to public opinion
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Conformity to public opinion is a cornerstone concept in Spiral of Silence.
Question 144: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Active audience theory'? (Q144)
- A Uses and Gratification
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Uses and Gratification proposed by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch focuses on Audience media consumption motives.
Question 145: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q145)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz
Explanation: Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz formulated Two-Step Flow Theory, which emphasizes Opinion Leaders.
Question 146: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Framing Theory'? (Q146)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Media presentation angle
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Framing Theory specifically explains How issues are constructed.
Question 147: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Priming Theory'? (Q147)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Influencing evaluation criteria
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Influencing evaluation criteria is a cornerstone concept in Priming Theory.
Question 148: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Adopter categories'? (Q148)
- A Diffusion of Innovations
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Diffusion of Innovations proposed by Everett Rogers focuses on Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards.
Question 149: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q149)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Frankfurt School / Early Theorists
Explanation: Frankfurt School / Early Theorists formulated Hypodermic Needle Theory, which emphasizes Direct and powerful effect.
Question 150: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q150)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Observation and imitation
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Social Learning Theory specifically explains Bobo doll experiment.