About Mass Communication and Journalism MCQs
Mass Communication and Journalism is a popular optional subject in CSS and PMS, and a core subject for media students. It covers the theoretical foundations of communication, the history of the press, media ethics, and modern digital journalism.
Topics Covered in This Category
- Communication Theory: Models of communication, agenda-setting, and media effects.
- History of Press: The evolution of newspapers and media in Pakistan and globally.
- Journalism Practices: News reporting, editing, headline writing, and investigative journalism.
- Media Laws & Ethics: Press ordinances, PEMRA, defamation, and media codes of conduct.
How to Prepare for Mass Communication MCQs
Memorize the key theorists and their theories (e.g., Shannon-Weaver, Lasswell). Keep a separate list of media laws and regulatory bodies in Pakistan. Stay updated with current affairs, especially as they relate to media freedom, social media trends, and digital journalism.
Question 51: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q51)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Selection of news items
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Selection of news items is a cornerstone concept in Gatekeeping Theory.
Question 52: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Mean World Syndrome'? (Q52)
- A Cultivation Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Cultivation Theory proposed by George Gerbner focuses on Long-term television exposure.
Question 53: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q53)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
Explanation: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann formulated Spiral of Silence, which emphasizes Fear of isolation.
Question 54: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q54)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Active audience theory
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Uses and Gratification specifically explains Audience media consumption motives.
Question 55: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q55)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Erie County voting study
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Erie County voting study is a cornerstone concept in Two-Step Flow Theory.
Question 56: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Media presentation angle'? (Q56)
- A Framing Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Framing Theory proposed by Erving Goffman focuses on How issues are constructed.
Question 57: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Priming Theory'? (Q57)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Liyengar and Kinder
Explanation: Liyengar and Kinder formulated Priming Theory, which emphasizes Pre-activating concepts.
Question 58: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q58)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Adopter categories
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Diffusion of Innovations specifically explains Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards.
Question 59: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q59)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Magic Bullet concept
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Magic Bullet concept is a cornerstone concept in Hypodermic Needle Theory.
Question 60: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Observation and imitation'? (Q60)
- A Social Learning Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Social Learning Theory proposed by Albert Bandura focuses on Bobo doll experiment.
Question 61: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q61)
- A Harold Lasswell
- B Wilbur Schramm
- C David Berlo
- D Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
Explanation: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver formulated Shannon-Weaver Model, which emphasizes Mathematical Model.
Question 62: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q62)
- A Field of Experience
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C 5 Ws Paradigm
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Lasswell's Model specifically explains Linear communication flow.
Question 63: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Schramm's Model'? (Q63)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Overlap of encoder/decoder experience is a cornerstone concept in Schramm's Model.
Question 64: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Source-Message-Channel-Receiver'? (Q64)
- A Berlo's SMCR Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Berlo's SMCR Model proposed by David Berlo focuses on Interpersonal and behavioral factors.
Question 65: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q65)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D McCombs and Shaw
Explanation: McCombs and Shaw formulated Agenda-Setting Theory, which emphasizes Media sets public agenda.
Question 66: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q66)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Information filtering
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Gatekeeping Theory specifically explains Selection of news items.
Question 67: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q67)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Long-term television exposure
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Long-term television exposure is a cornerstone concept in Cultivation Theory.
Question 68: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Fear of isolation'? (Q68)
- A Spiral of Silence
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Spiral of Silence proposed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann focuses on Conformity to public opinion.
Question 69: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q69)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch
Explanation: Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch formulated Uses and Gratification, which emphasizes Active audience theory.
Question 70: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q70)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Opinion Leaders
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Two-Step Flow Theory specifically explains Erie County voting study.
Question 71: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Framing Theory'? (Q71)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B How issues are constructed
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: How issues are constructed is a cornerstone concept in Framing Theory.
Question 72: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Pre-activating concepts'? (Q72)
- A Priming Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Priming Theory proposed by Liyengar and Kinder focuses on Influencing evaluation criteria.
Question 73: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Diffusion of Innovations'? (Q73)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Everett Rogers
Explanation: Everett Rogers formulated Diffusion of Innovations, which emphasizes Adopter categories.
Question 74: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q74)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Direct and powerful effect
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Hypodermic Needle Theory specifically explains Magic Bullet concept.
Question 75: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q75)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Bobo doll experiment
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Bobo doll experiment is a cornerstone concept in Social Learning Theory.
Question 76: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Mathematical Model'? (Q76)
- A Shannon-Weaver Model
- B Lasswell's Model
- C Schramm's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Shannon-Weaver Model proposed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver focuses on Technical noise in channel.
Question 77: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Lasswell's Model'? (Q77)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Wilbur Schramm
- C David Berlo
- D Harold Lasswell
Explanation: Harold Lasswell formulated Lasswell's Model, which emphasizes 5 Ws Paradigm.
Question 78: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Schramm's Model'? (Q78)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- C Field of Experience
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Schramm's Model specifically explains Overlap of encoder/decoder experience.
Question 79: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q79)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Interpersonal and behavioral factors is a cornerstone concept in Berlo's SMCR Model.
Question 80: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Media sets public agenda'? (Q80)
- A Agenda-Setting Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Agenda-Setting Theory proposed by McCombs and Shaw focuses on Chapel Hill study (1968).
Question 81: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Gatekeeping Theory'? (Q81)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Kurt Lewin / David Manning White
Explanation: Kurt Lewin / David Manning White formulated Gatekeeping Theory, which emphasizes Information filtering.
Question 82: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q82)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Mean World Syndrome
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Cultivation Theory specifically explains Long-term television exposure.
Question 83: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q83)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Conformity to public opinion
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Conformity to public opinion is a cornerstone concept in Spiral of Silence.
Question 84: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Active audience theory'? (Q84)
- A Uses and Gratification
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Uses and Gratification proposed by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch focuses on Audience media consumption motives.
Question 85: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Two-Step Flow Theory'? (Q85)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz
Explanation: Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz formulated Two-Step Flow Theory, which emphasizes Opinion Leaders.
Question 86: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Framing Theory'? (Q86)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Media presentation angle
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Framing Theory specifically explains How issues are constructed.
Question 87: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Priming Theory'? (Q87)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Influencing evaluation criteria
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Influencing evaluation criteria is a cornerstone concept in Priming Theory.
Question 88: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Adopter categories'? (Q88)
- A Diffusion of Innovations
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Diffusion of Innovations proposed by Everett Rogers focuses on Innovators, Early Adopters, Laggards.
Question 89: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Hypodermic Needle Theory'? (Q89)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D Frankfurt School / Early Theorists
Explanation: Frankfurt School / Early Theorists formulated Hypodermic Needle Theory, which emphasizes Direct and powerful effect.
Question 90: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Social Learning Theory'? (Q90)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Observation and imitation
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Social Learning Theory specifically explains Bobo doll experiment.
Question 91: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Shannon-Weaver Model'? (Q91)
- A Interpersonal and behavioral factors
- B Technical noise in channel
- C Linear communication flow
- D Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
Explanation: Technical noise in channel is a cornerstone concept in Shannon-Weaver Model.
Question 92: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of '5 Ws Paradigm'? (Q92)
- A Lasswell's Model
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Schramm's Model
- D Berlo's SMCR Model
Explanation: Lasswell's Model proposed by Harold Lasswell focuses on Linear communication flow.
Question 93: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Schramm's Model'? (Q93)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C David Berlo
- D Wilbur Schramm
Explanation: Wilbur Schramm formulated Schramm's Model, which emphasizes Field of Experience.
Question 94: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Berlo's SMCR Model'? (Q94)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Berlo's SMCR Model specifically explains Interpersonal and behavioral factors.
Question 95: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Agenda-Setting Theory'? (Q95)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Chapel Hill study (1968)
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Chapel Hill study (1968) is a cornerstone concept in Agenda-Setting Theory.
Question 96: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Information filtering'? (Q96)
- A Gatekeeping Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Gatekeeping Theory proposed by Kurt Lewin / David Manning White focuses on Selection of news items.
Question 97: Who among the following scholars developed or popularized the 'Cultivation Theory'? (Q97)
- A Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
- B Harold Lasswell
- C Wilbur Schramm
- D George Gerbner
Explanation: George Gerbner formulated Cultivation Theory, which emphasizes Mean World Syndrome.
Question 98: In the context of Mass Communication theory, what is the primary focus of 'Spiral of Silence'? (Q98)
- A 5 Ws Paradigm
- B Field of Experience
- C Fear of isolation
- D Mathematical Model
Explanation: Spiral of Silence specifically explains Conformity to public opinion.
Question 99: Which key concept or empirical study is directly linked to 'Uses and Gratification'? (Q99)
- A Overlap of encoder/decoder experience
- B Audience media consumption motives
- C Technical noise in channel
- D Linear communication flow
Explanation: Audience media consumption motives is a cornerstone concept in Uses and Gratification.
Question 100: Which communication model/theory is best associated with the concept of 'Opinion Leaders'? (Q100)
- A Two-Step Flow Theory
- B Shannon-Weaver Model
- C Lasswell's Model
- D Schramm's Model
Explanation: Two-Step Flow Theory proposed by Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz focuses on Erie County voting study.