Quiz: Pakistan History 1947

Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is the founder of Pakistan.

Explanation: Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the first governor general of Pakistan.

Explanation: The national currency of Pakistan is the Rupee.

Explanation: Jinnah served as Governor-General from August 15, 1947, until his death on September 11, 1948.

Explanation: Jinnah died on September 11, 1948, in Karachi, from tuberculosis and related complications.

Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan served as Pakistan's first Prime Minister from 1947 until his assassination in 1951.

Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in Rawalpindi on October 16, 1951, while addressing a public rally.

Explanation: The Objectives Resolution was passed on March 12, 1949, laying down the ideological basis for Pakistan's constitution.

Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister, moved the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly.

Explanation: Pakistan took the Kashmir issue to the UN Security Council in early 1948, leading to UNSC Resolution 47 (April 1948).

Explanation: The first Indo-Pakistan War (1947–1948) ended with a UN-brokered ceasefire on January 1, 1949.

Explanation: A group of army officers and leftist intellectuals allegedly plotted to overthrow Liaquat Ali Khan's government — the case remains controversial.

Explanation: Khawaja Nazimuddin became Governor-General (1948–1951) then Prime Minister (1951–1953).

Explanation: Ghulam Muhammad became Governor-General in 1951 and dismissed the Nazimuddin government in 1953, deepening the Governor-General's power.

Explanation: The 1953 anti-Ahmadiyya riots led to the first martial law in Pakistan, imposed by Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad in Lahore.

Explanation: The Munir Commission (1953) investigated the anti-Ahmadiyya riots and famously ruled that the state could not declare any group non-Muslim based on religious interpretation.

Explanation: Muhammad Ali Bogra became PM in 1953 and introduced the 'Bogra Formula' for constitutional representation.

Explanation: The Bogra Formula (1953) proposed a bicameral legislature with parity between East and West Pakistan in the upper house.

Explanation: Pakistan joined SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) in 1954 and CENTO (formerly Baghdad Pact) in 1955 — Cold War alliances with the US.

Explanation: Pakistan joined the Baghdad Pact (later CENTO) in 1955, becoming a key US ally in the Cold War.

Explanation: The One Unit scheme (1955) merged all West Pakistani provinces into a single unit to balance East Pakistan's majority.

Explanation: The 1956 Constitution came into effect on March 23, 1956, declaring Pakistan an Islamic Republic.

Explanation: The 1956 Constitution established Pakistan as the 'Islamic Republic of Pakistan' with a parliamentary system.

Explanation: President Iskander Mirza abrogated the 1956 Constitution on October 7, 1958, imposing martial law.

Explanation: President Iskander Mirza imposed martial law on October 7, 1958, appointing General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator.

Explanation: Ayub Khan removed Iskander Mirza on October 27, 1958, becoming President himself.

Explanation: The Basic Democracies Order (1959) created a tiered local government system, with Basic Democrats forming the electoral college for the President.

Explanation: Ayub Khan held a referendum in February 1960, confirming himself as President through the Basic Democrats.

Explanation: The 1962 Constitution, drafted under Ayub Khan, established a presidential system and came into effect on June 8, 1962.

Explanation: The 1962 Constitution established a presidential system with a strong executive and indirectly elected President.

Explanation: The 1958–1968 period saw rapid industrial growth and the Green Revolution, but also growing inequality between East and West Pakistan.

Explanation: The Green Revolution introduced high-yield varieties of wheat and rice, chemical fertilizers, and modern irrigation in the 1960s.

Explanation: The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi between Ayub Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru, brokered by the World Bank.

Explanation: The World Bank brokered the Indus Waters Treaty, with Eugene Black as key negotiator.

Explanation: Pakistan received the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab); India received the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej).

Explanation: The 1965 War began in April 1965 in the Rann of Kutch, escalating into full-scale war in September 1965.

Explanation: Operation Gibraltar (August 1965) infiltrated forces into Indian-administered Kashmir, triggering the 1965 War.

Explanation: India attacked across the international border on September 6, 1965, marking the official start of full-scale war.

Explanation: September 6 is Defence Day, commemorating Pakistan's defence against the Indian attack in 1965.

Explanation: The Tashkent Declaration was signed on January 10, 1966, between Ayub Khan and Lal Bahadur Shastri, mediated by the USSR.

Explanation: Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin mediated the Tashkent talks, ending the 1965 War.

Explanation: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented the Six Points in February 1966, demanding greater autonomy for East Pakistan.

Explanation: The Agartala Conspiracy Case (1968) alleged that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman conspired with India for East Pakistan's secession.

Explanation: Facing mass protests, Ayub Khan withdrew the case in 1969 and released Mujib — a major political victory for the Awami League.

Explanation: Ayub Khan resigned on March 25, 1969, handing power to General Yahya Khan rather than the Speaker as the Constitution required.

Explanation: Yahya Khan imposed the second martial law on March 25, 1969, and later held the 1970 elections.

Explanation: The LFO (1970) dissolved the One Unit, restored provincial status, and provided the basis for the 1970 elections.

Explanation: Pakistan's first general elections were held on December 7, 1970, on the basis of adult franchise.

Explanation: The Awami League won 160 of 169 East Pakistan seats (and 167 of 313 total), giving it an absolute majority.

Explanation: The PPP, founded by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1967, won 81 of 138 West Pakistan seats.