Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Database Systems MCQS Questions
Q. In SQL, which command is used to select only one copy of each set of duplicable rows
SELECT UNIQUE
SELECT DISTINCT
All of the above
SELECT DIFFERENT
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT

Q. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the utilities component of DBMS software?
creating the physical and logical designs
removing flagged records for deletion
None of the above
creating and maintaining the data dictionary
monitoring performance

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: creating the physical and logical designs

Q. Which of the following is not a logical data-base structure?
network
All of the above
chain
relational
tree

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: chain

Q. In SQL, which command is used to changes data in a table?
None of the above
INSERT
UPDATE
BROWSE
APPEND

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: UPDATE

Q. The PROJECT command will create new table that has
None of the above
all the fields of master table
more rows than the original table
both (a) and (b)
more fields than the original table

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A file that is organized in uniform format is formally referred to as a _____ or a database file.
Database
Record
None of the above
Structured data file
Document

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Structured data file

Q. The activity of a file
refers to how closely the files fits into the allocated
is a measure of the percentage of existing records updated during a run
if high, reduces processing efficiency for sequential and nonsequential files
is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file
None of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE VIEW command is used
None of the above
to create a trigger
to recompile view
to recompile a table
to define a view of one or more tables or views

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to define a view of one or more tables or views

Q. The language used in application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred to as the
None of the above
All of the above
DML
DDL
query language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DML

Q. The distinguishable parts of a record are called
data
files
None of the above
fields
database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: fields

Q. Large collections of files are called
fields
databases
file system
None of the above
records

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: databases

Q. A report generator is used to
All of the above
None of the above
print files on paper
update files
data entry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: print files on paper

Q. The main idea behind computer files is that it is convenient to
access them
store information together
create them
None of the above
arrange them

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: store information together

Q. In SQL, GRANT command is used to
grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles
allow user to access databases
allow user to create databases
None of the above
choose auditing for specific SQL commands

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles

Q. The relational model uses some unfamiliar terminology. A tuple is equivalent to a:
file
data base
record
data item
field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data encryption techniques are particularly useful for
All of the above
None of the above
improving data integrity
protecting data in data communication systems
reducing storage space requirements

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: protecting data in data communication systems

Q. Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing?
All of the above are true
Programs are dependent on the files
It is file-oriented
There is common sharing of data among the various applications
It is inflexible

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: There is common sharing of data among the various applications

Q. The model for a record management system might be
a business form
All of the above
None of the above
a Rolodex card file
handwritten list

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Management Information system (MIS) structure with one main computer system is called a
decentralized MIS structure
centralized MIS structure
None of the above
hierarchical MIS structure
distributed MIS structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: centralized MIS structure

Q. In order to use a record management system
All of the above
You need to understand the low-level details of how information in stored
You need to understand the model the record management system uses.
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: You need to understand the model the record management system uses.

Q. A _____ Contains fields of data about one entity.
None of the above
Document
Record
File
Fields

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Record

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add new rows to a table?
None of the above
ADD ROW
ALTER TABLE
INSERT
APPEND

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: INSERT

Q. Which of the following is not characteristic of a relational database model?
treelike structure
tables
complex logical relationships
records
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: treelike structure

Q. Which of the following contains a complete record of all activity that affected the contents of a database during a certain period of time?
transaction log
report writer
data manipulation language
None of the above
query language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: transaction log

Q. A data dictionary is a special file that contains
the names of all fields in all files
the data types of all fields in all files
the widths of all fields in all files
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Queries to a database
All of the above
are written in English
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT

Q. A race condition occurs when
All of the above
Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error
None of the above
two users of the DBMS are interacting with different files at the same time
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error

Q. What is the name given to the database management system which is able to handle full text data, image data, audio and video?
Hypertext
Graphics media
Multimedia
Full media
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Multimedia

Q. Which of the following command(s) is(are) used to recompile a stored procedure in SQL?
None of the above
MODIFY PROCEDURE id) All of the above
COMPILE PROCEDURE
ALTER PROCEDURE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER PROCEDURE

Q. Which of the following is not a relational database?
4th Dimension
Reflex
dBASE IV
None of the above
FoxPro

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Reflex

Q. A list in alphabetical order
is in ascending order
is the result of a sort operation
both (b) and (c)
None of the above
is in descending order

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. An indexing operation
both (b) and (c)
establishes an index for a file
sorts file using two keys
sorts a file using a single key
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: establishes an index for a file

Q. The model for a _____ resembles the hierarchical model in many respects.
None of the above
Hierarchical database
Relational database
Distributed database
Network database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Network database

Q. A compound key
both (a) and (b)
is made up a several pieces of information
is a combination of each unique key
None of the above
uniquely identifies an item in a list

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. When you have finished entering information into a form
the contents of the form are written to the data file
All of the above
the contents of the form can be printed
None of the above
the template is written to the data file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the contents of the form are written to the data file

Q. Which of the following is a serious problem of file management systems?
lack of data independence
program dependence
All of the above
difficult to update
data redundancy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Characteristic(s) of a distributed MIS structure is
None of the above
interactive sharing of the workload
All of the above
computers supporting local DP operations
a multiprocessing environment

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A _____ database does not use pointers or physical links, but instead finds related records by examining the contents of fields.
Network
Hierarchical
Object-Oriented
Relational
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Relational

Q. A command that lets you change one or more fields in a record is
All of the above
Modify
Insert
Look-up
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Modify

Q. What is the language used by most of the DBMSs for helping their users to access data?
SQL
None of the above
Query language
High level language
4GL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Query language

Q. Each of data files has a _____ that describe the way the data is stored in the file.
Fields
Records
File structure
None of the above
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: File structure

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
None of the above
ALTER TABLE
MODIFY TABLE
ADD COLUMN
INSERT COLUMN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. If a calculation is embedded in a form
All of the above
the result of the calculations are printed in report
None of the above
the calculations are stored with the form
the result of the calculations are stored with the form

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the calculations are stored with the form

Q. A number of related records that are treated as a unit is called
field
data
file
batch
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: file

Q. In any hierarchy of data organization, the smallest entity to be processed as a single unit is called
data record
database
data field
data file
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data field

Q. A computer file contains several records. What does each record contain?
Words
Fields
Bytes
Database
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. The highest level in the hierarchy of data organization is called
database
data file
data bank
data record
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database

Q. An operation that will increase the length of a list is
Look-up
All of the above
Modify
Insert
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Insert

Q. Which of the following hardware components is the most important to the operation of a database management system?
high-resolution video display
printer
high speed, large-capacity disk
plotter
mouse

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: high speed, large-capacity disk

Q. In SQL, which of the following is not a data Manipulation Language Commands?
DELETE
UPDATE
SELECT
None of the above
CREATE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable/drop an integrity constraint in SQL?
DEFINE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
None of the above
All of the above
MODIFY TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to select distinct subject (SUB) from the table (BOOK)?
SELECT ALL FROM BOOK
SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK
None of the above
SELECT SUB FROM BOOK
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK

Q. Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS?
data dictionary and query language
data dictionary and transaction log
query language and utilities
None of the above
data manipulation language and query language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data dictionary and transaction log

Q. A form can be used to
All of the above
delete records
None of the above
modify records
format printed output

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a _____ a parent record type can be linked to one or more "child" record types, but a child record type can have only one parent.
None of the above
Network database
Relational database
Distributed database
Hierarchical database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical database

Q. Long-range planning report produced in an MIS are primarily designed for
top management
lower management
All of the above
None of the above
middle management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: top management

Q. A database management system might consist of application programs and a software package called
None of the above
TOTAL
AUTOFLOW
BPL
FORTRAN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BPL

Q. The _____ command is used to allocates an extent for the table in SQL
MODIFY TABLE
None of the above
REDEFINE TABLE
MODIFY ALLOCATES
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MODIFY ALLOCATES

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable a database trigger?
ALTER TABLE
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER TRIGGER
MODIFY TRIGGER
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TRIGGER

Q. The physical location of a record is determined by a mathematical formula that transforms a file key into a record location in
a tree file
an indexed file
None of the above
a hashed file
a sequential file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a hashed file

Q. A large computer information system maintains many different computer files. Which amongst them is called a perpetual file?
Log file
Update file
None of the above
Master file
Specialized file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Master file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLE is used
to change a table's storage characteristics
to redefine a column
All of the above
to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation

Q. When performing a look-up operation using a form
you type the key in an entry line, and the correct form is displayed
you enter the search value into the form
you look at each form sequentially until you see the one you want
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: you enter the search value into the form

Q. Data security threats include
fraudulent manipulation of data
All of the above
hardware failure
None of the above
privacy invasion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: privacy invasion

Q. In SQL, which command is used to create a database user?
ADD USER TO DATABASE
CREATE USER
None of the above
MK USER
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE USER

Q. An audit trail
can be used to restore lost information
is the recorded history of operations performed on a file
is used to make back-up copies
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is the recorded history of operations performed on a file

Q. The files stored on a secondary stage device are composed of a hierarchy of data. What does a record in a file contain?
Bits
Schema
Characters
None of the above
Data field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Data field

Q. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
All of the above
None of the above
Network schema
Relational schema
Hierarchical schema

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical schema

Q. A condition that led to the development of databases was
None of the above.
All of the above
an increase in the amount of data handled by organizations
the proliferation of data files
a demand for more data to support information needs

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which language has recently become the de-facto standard for interfacing application programs with relational database system?
dBASE
SQL
Oracle
4GL
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SQL

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLESPACE is used
None of the above
to add/rename data files, to change storage
to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace
to create a database trigger
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type may be related to more than one record of another record type.
Many-to-one relationship
One-to-many relationship
Many-to many relationship
None of the above
One-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, the ALTER TABLESPACE command is used
to take a tablespace online/offline
to begin/end a backup
All of the above
to change storage characteristics
to add/rename data files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to redefine a column of the table in SQL ?
ALTER TABLE
None of the above
MODIFY TABLE
DEFINE TABLE
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to remove an index from the database in SQL?
None of the above
DROP INDEX
DELETE INDEX
ROLL BACK INDEX
REMOVE INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP INDEX

Q. If you want your database to include methods, you should use a _____ database.
None of the above
Hierarchical
Distributed
Network
Object-Oriented

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Object-Oriented

Q. With respect to data input, the most accurate description of batch control is
All of the above
None of the above
dividing documents to be entered into batches
controlling the input of each input clerk
comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system

Q. A set of programs that handle a firm's data base responsibilities is called a
Data Management System (DMS)
None of the above
All of the above
Data Base Processing System (DBPS)
Data Base Management System (DBMS)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called
Relations
None of the above
Domains
Queries
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Domains

Q. Which of the following is not an advantage of the data-base approach?
ability to associate related data
elimination of the data redundancy
program/data independence
All of the above are advantages
increased security

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above are advantages

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type can be related to many records in another record type and vice-versa.
Many-to-many relationship
One-to-one relationship
One-to-many relationship
None of the above
Many-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Many-to-many relationship

Q. Which command is used to remove a table from the database in SQL?
DROP TABLE
DELETE TABLE
UNATTACH TABLE
None of the above
ERASE TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP TABLE

Q. When using a database management system, the first thing that you must do is to
load the software into your micro
keep a floppy disk in readiness
create a database file
activate file editor
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: load the software into your micro

Q. Data items grouped together for storage purposes are called a
title
record
list
None of the above
string

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data item characteristics that are important in data management include
width
language
spelling
punctuation
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: width

Q. Sort/report generators
None of the above
require more disk space than index/report generators
do not need to sort before generating a report
both (a) and (b)
are faster than index/report generators

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: require more disk space than index/report generators

Q. An-owner-member set in the CODASYL specifications may have
only one member but many member occurrence
only one owner but many owner occurrences
All of the above
None of the above
more than one member but only one occurrence per member

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: only one owner but many owner occurrences

Q. The master list of an indexed file
has a number assigned to each record
None of the above
contains only a list of keys and record numbers
is sorted in ascending order
both (b) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a number assigned to each record

Q. The designer of a form includes
None of the above
data
both (a) and (b)
prompts
filed designators

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. After you _____ a record, many data management the environments require you to issue a command to save the changes you made.
Index
Update
None of the above
Sort key
Delete

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Update

Q. In a large DBMS
each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database
each user can access every sub
All of the above
each subschema contains every field in the logical schema
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database

Q. The index consists of
None of the above
All of the above
both (a) and (b)
a list of keys
pointers to the master list

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A network schema
stores data in tables
None of the above
permits many-to-many relation
All of the above
restricts the structure to a one-to-many relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: permits many-to-many relation

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to create a synonym for a schema object?
CREATE SAME
None of the above
CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SYNONYM
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE SYNONYM

Q. The database administration function includes
database access planning
None of the above
All of the above
application programming
computer operations management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database access planning

Q. If the record management system allows you to edit values before they are recorded on disk, you can
correct spelling changes before they are recorded
All of the above
change the name of a field
change the width of a field
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: correct spelling changes before they are recorded

Q. What name is given to the collection of facts, items of information or data which are related in some way?
Database
Information tree
Directory information
Information provider
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. A database management system
None of the above
is a collection of programs for managing data in a single file
can do more than a record management system
allows simultaneous access to multiple files
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. Two files may be joined into a third file if
both (b) and (c)
they have no records with the same value in the common field
they have a row in common
they have a field in common
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: they have a field in common

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type is related to only one record of another record type.
One-to-one relationship
Many-to-many relationship
One-to-many relationship
Many-to-one relationship
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-one relationship

Q. Versatile report generators can provide
None of the above
Subtotals
Columnar totals
All of the above
Calculations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The logical data structure with a one-to-many relationship is a :
network
chain
relational
tree
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tree

Q. If you want to group the records in the abc database, you could use the Jobcode as the _____.
Sort Key
Update
Index
None of the above
Delete

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sort Key

Q. Which of the following is a database administrator's function?
backing up the database
performance monitoring
database design
user coordination
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Primitive operations common to all record management systems include
Sort
None of the above
Look-up
All of the above
Print

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Look-up

Q. A logical schema
is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts
None of the above
describes how data is actually stored on disk
All of the above
is the entire database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts

Q. Batch processing is appropriate if
All of the above
a large computer system is available
only a small computer system is available
only a few transactions are involved
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. It is more accurate to define a _____ as a variety of different record types that are treated as a single unit
Database
Record
Table
None of the above
Flat File

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. Updating a database means
All of the above
modifying or adding record occurrences
None of the above
reorganizing the database
revising the file structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: modifying or adding record occurrences

Q. Sophisticated report generators can
print row-oriented reports
selectively retrieve and print portions of a list
None of the above
All of the above
perform arithmetic operations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A scheme describes
record relationships
All of the above
data elements
records and files
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The data dictionary tells the DBMS
what files are in the database
what these files contain
None of the above
what attribute are possessed by the data
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Embedded pointer provide
a physical record key
None of the above
an inverted index
All of the above
a secondary access path

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a secondary access path

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to redefine an index's future storage allocation
MODIFY INDEX
REDEFINE INDEX
None of the above
ALTER INDEX
DO INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER INDEX

Q. Related fields in a data base are grouped to form
data file
None of the above
data record
bank
menu

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data record

Q. Which of the following is true of a network structure?
None of the above
It allows a many-to-many relationship
It will be the dominant data base of the future
It is a physical representation of the data
It is conceptually simple

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It allows a many-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, which command is used to select data in rows and column from one or more tables?
None of the above
CHOOSE
SELECT
LIST
BROWSE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT

Q. A data dictionary doesn't provide information about:
where data is located
the size of the disk storage device
It allows a many-to-many relationship
It will be the dominant data base of the future
It is conceptually simple

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the size of the disk storage device

Q. The on-line, softcopy display a customer's charge account to respond to an inquiry is an examples of a
None of the above
exception report
forecasting report
on demand report
regularly scheduled report

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: on demand report

Q. A form defines
where data is placed on the screen
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
the width of each field
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A file produced by a spreadsheet
All of the above
can be used for graphic
can be used as it by the DBMS
is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format

Q. The data-base environment has all of the following components except:
None of the above
users
data base
separate files
data-base administrator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: separate files

Q. Internal auditors should review data system design before they are
None of the above
modified
implemented
All of the above
developed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. To have a file hold a list, it is necessary to
All of the above
None of the above
decide which fields will be used as sort or index keys
identify the records in the list
identify the name, width and type of the fields of each record.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?
DROP FUNCTION
ERASE FUNCTION
DELETE FUNCTION
REMOVE FUNCTION
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP FUNCTION

Q. In the DBM approach, application programs perform the
All of the above
processing functions
storage function
None of the above
access control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: processing functions

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable all triggers on a table?
MODIFY TRIGGERS IN TABLE
ALTER TRIGGERS
ALTER TABLE
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which of the following is a type of DBMS software?
utilities
database manipulation language
report writer
All of the above
query language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database manipulation language

Q. In SQL, which command is used to make permanent changes made by statements issue since the beginning of a transaction?
COMMIT
PACK
SAVE
None of the above
ZIP

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: COMMIT

Q. A relational database management (RDBM) package manages data in more than one file at once. How does it organize these file? As
both (a) and (b)
tuple
relations
None of the above
tables

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A list consists of last names, first names, addresses, and pin codes if all people in the list have the same last and the same pin code, a useful key would be
the last name
All of the above
the pin code
a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name

Q. Periodically adding, changing and deleting file records is called file
Updating
upgrading
renewing
restructuring
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Updating

Q. A ____ Contains the smallest unit of meaningful data, so you might call it the basic building block for a data file.
Fields
Database
None of the above
Records
File structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. In SQL, the _____ command is used to recompile a view
COMPILE VIEW
CREATE VIEW
ALTER VIEW
None of the above
DEFINE VIEW

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER VIEW

Q. If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then
storage space is wasted
None of the above
changing the data is one spot will cause data inconsistency
it can be more easily accessed
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What is the abbreviation used for a software package that permits the users to create, retrieve and maintain records in a database?
FMS
DASD
None of the above
EMMS
DBMS

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DBMS

Q. The way a particular application views the data from the data base that the application uses is a :
schema
relational model
subschema
None of the above
module

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: subschema

```