Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Database Systems MCQS Questions
Q. In SQL, which command is used to select only one copy of each set of duplicable rows
SELECT DIFFERENT
SELECT UNIQUE
All of the above
None of the above
SELECT DISTINCT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT

Q. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the utilities component of DBMS software?
creating the physical and logical designs
None of the above
creating and maintaining the data dictionary
monitoring performance
removing flagged records for deletion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: creating the physical and logical designs

Q. Which of the following is not a logical data-base structure?
tree
chain
All of the above
network
relational

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: chain

Q. In SQL, which command is used to changes data in a table?
None of the above
UPDATE
APPEND
INSERT
BROWSE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: UPDATE

Q. The PROJECT command will create new table that has
more rows than the original table
both (a) and (b)
more fields than the original table
None of the above
all the fields of master table

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A file that is organized in uniform format is formally referred to as a _____ or a database file.
Document
Database
Record
Structured data file
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Structured data file

Q. The activity of a file
refers to how closely the files fits into the allocated
is a measure of the percentage of existing records updated during a run
None of the above.
is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file
if high, reduces processing efficiency for sequential and nonsequential files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE VIEW command is used
to recompile a table
to recompile view
to create a trigger
None of the above
to define a view of one or more tables or views

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to define a view of one or more tables or views

Q. The language used in application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred to as the
query language
DML
None of the above
DDL
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DML

Q. The distinguishable parts of a record are called
files
data
database
fields
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: fields

Q. Large collections of files are called
fields
records
databases
None of the above
file system

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: databases

Q. A report generator is used to
All of the above
print files on paper
data entry
update files
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: print files on paper

Q. The main idea behind computer files is that it is convenient to
create them
store information together
arrange them
access them
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: store information together

Q. In SQL, GRANT command is used to
allow user to access databases
None of the above
choose auditing for specific SQL commands
grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles
allow user to create databases

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles

Q. The relational model uses some unfamiliar terminology. A tuple is equivalent to a:
record
data item
data base
field
file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data encryption techniques are particularly useful for
All of the above
None of the above
reducing storage space requirements
improving data integrity
protecting data in data communication systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: protecting data in data communication systems

Q. Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing?
All of the above are true
There is common sharing of data among the various applications
Programs are dependent on the files
It is file-oriented
It is inflexible

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: There is common sharing of data among the various applications

Q. The model for a record management system might be
a Rolodex card file
None of the above
handwritten list
All of the above
a business form

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Management Information system (MIS) structure with one main computer system is called a
hierarchical MIS structure
None of the above
centralized MIS structure
decentralized MIS structure
distributed MIS structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: centralized MIS structure

Q. In order to use a record management system
You need to understand the model the record management system uses.
Both (a) and (b)
All of the above
None of the above
You need to understand the low-level details of how information in stored

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: You need to understand the model the record management system uses.

Q. A _____ Contains fields of data about one entity.
Fields
Record
None of the above
Document
File

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Record

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add new rows to a table?
None of the above
ADD ROW
ALTER TABLE
APPEND
INSERT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: INSERT

Q. Which of the following is not characteristic of a relational database model?
complex logical relationships
treelike structure
None of the above
tables
records

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: treelike structure

Q. Which of the following contains a complete record of all activity that affected the contents of a database during a certain period of time?
transaction log
data manipulation language
report writer
query language
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: transaction log

Q. A data dictionary is a special file that contains
the data types of all fields in all files
the widths of all fields in all files
None of the above
the names of all fields in all files
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Queries to a database
can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT
None of the above
All of the above
both (a) and (b)
are written in English

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT

Q. A race condition occurs when
Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error
All of the above
two users of the DBMS are interacting with different files at the same time
both (a) and (b)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error

Q. What is the name given to the database management system which is able to handle full text data, image data, audio and video?
Graphics media
Hypertext
Full media
Multimedia
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Multimedia

Q. Which of the following command(s) is(are) used to recompile a stored procedure in SQL?
None of the above
MODIFY PROCEDURE id) All of the above
ALTER PROCEDURE
COMPILE PROCEDURE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER PROCEDURE

Q. Which of the following is not a relational database?
Reflex
dBASE IV
None of the above
FoxPro
4th Dimension

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Reflex

Q. A list in alphabetical order
is the result of a sort operation
None of the above
both (b) and (c)
is in descending order
is in ascending order

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. An indexing operation
None of the above
sorts file using two keys
establishes an index for a file
sorts a file using a single key
both (b) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: establishes an index for a file

Q. The model for a _____ resembles the hierarchical model in many respects.
Network database
Distributed database
Relational database
Hierarchical database
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Network database

Q. A compound key
is made up a several pieces of information
None of the above
both (a) and (b)
uniquely identifies an item in a list
is a combination of each unique key

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. When you have finished entering information into a form
the contents of the form can be printed
the contents of the form are written to the data file
the template is written to the data file
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the contents of the form are written to the data file

Q. Which of the following is a serious problem of file management systems?
difficult to update
program dependence
data redundancy
All of the above
lack of data independence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Characteristic(s) of a distributed MIS structure is
interactive sharing of the workload
a multiprocessing environment
All of the above
None of the above
computers supporting local DP operations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A _____ database does not use pointers or physical links, but instead finds related records by examining the contents of fields.
Network
Object-Oriented
Hierarchical
None of the above
Relational

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Relational

Q. A command that lets you change one or more fields in a record is
None of the above
Modify
All of the above
Insert
Look-up

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Modify

Q. What is the language used by most of the DBMSs for helping their users to access data?
4GL
Query language
High level language
SQL
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Query language

Q. Each of data files has a _____ that describe the way the data is stored in the file.
Records
File structure
Fields
Database
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: File structure

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
ADD COLUMN
MODIFY TABLE
INSERT COLUMN
ALTER TABLE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. If a calculation is embedded in a form
All of the above
the result of the calculations are stored with the form
None of the above
the calculations are stored with the form
the result of the calculations are printed in report

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the calculations are stored with the form

Q. A number of related records that are treated as a unit is called
data
field
file
None of the above
batch

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: file

Q. In any hierarchy of data organization, the smallest entity to be processed as a single unit is called
None of the above
data field
data file
data record
database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data field

Q. A computer file contains several records. What does each record contain?
Words
Bytes
Fields
None of the above
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. The highest level in the hierarchy of data organization is called
database
data bank
data file
None of the above
data record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database

Q. An operation that will increase the length of a list is
Modify
All of the above
None of the above
Look-up
Insert

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Insert

Q. Which of the following hardware components is the most important to the operation of a database management system?
mouse
plotter
high-resolution video display
high speed, large-capacity disk
printer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: high speed, large-capacity disk

Q. In SQL, which of the following is not a data Manipulation Language Commands?
SELECT
CREATE
UPDATE
DELETE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable/drop an integrity constraint in SQL?
All of the above
None of the above
MODIFY TABLE
DEFINE TABLE
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to select distinct subject (SUB) from the table (BOOK)?
None of the above
SELECT SUB FROM BOOK
SELECT ALL FROM BOOK
All of the above
SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK

Q. Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS?
query language and utilities
data dictionary and transaction log
data manipulation language and query language
data dictionary and query language
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data dictionary and transaction log

Q. A form can be used to
format printed output
modify records
None of the above
All of the above
delete records

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a _____ a parent record type can be linked to one or more "child" record types, but a child record type can have only one parent.
Relational database
Distributed database
None of the above
Network database
Hierarchical database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical database

Q. Long-range planning report produced in an MIS are primarily designed for
None of the above
lower management
All of the above
middle management
top management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: top management

Q. A database management system might consist of application programs and a software package called
None of the above
AUTOFLOW
TOTAL
FORTRAN
BPL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BPL

Q. The _____ command is used to allocates an extent for the table in SQL
MODIFY ALLOCATES
ALTER TABLE
REDEFINE TABLE
None of the above
MODIFY TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MODIFY ALLOCATES

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable a database trigger?
MODIFY TRIGGER
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER TABLE
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TRIGGER

Q. The physical location of a record is determined by a mathematical formula that transforms a file key into a record location in
a sequential file
None of the above
an indexed file
a hashed file
a tree file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a hashed file

Q. A large computer information system maintains many different computer files. Which amongst them is called a perpetual file?
Specialized file
Master file
None of the above
Log file
Update file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Master file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLE is used
to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
to redefine a column
to change a table's storage characteristics
All of the above
to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation

Q. When performing a look-up operation using a form
All of the above
None of the above
you type the key in an entry line, and the correct form is displayed
you enter the search value into the form
you look at each form sequentially until you see the one you want

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: you enter the search value into the form

Q. Data security threats include
All of the above
fraudulent manipulation of data
privacy invasion
None of the above
hardware failure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: privacy invasion

Q. In SQL, which command is used to create a database user?
None of the above
All of the above
CREATE USER
ADD USER TO DATABASE
MK USER

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE USER

Q. An audit trail
can be used to restore lost information
None of the above
is the recorded history of operations performed on a file
All of the above
is used to make back-up copies

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is the recorded history of operations performed on a file

Q. The files stored on a secondary stage device are composed of a hierarchy of data. What does a record in a file contain?
Characters
Data field
None of the above
Schema
Bits

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Data field

Q. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
Hierarchical schema
Network schema
None of the above
All of the above
Relational schema

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical schema

Q. A condition that led to the development of databases was
All of the above
the proliferation of data files
an increase in the amount of data handled by organizations
None of the above.
a demand for more data to support information needs

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which language has recently become the de-facto standard for interfacing application programs with relational database system?
4GL
Oracle
SQL
None of the above
dBASE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SQL

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLESPACE is used
to add/rename data files, to change storage
None of the above
to create a database trigger
All of the above
to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type may be related to more than one record of another record type.
None of the above
One-to-one relationship
Many-to-one relationship
Many-to many relationship
One-to-many relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, the ALTER TABLESPACE command is used
to take a tablespace online/offline
to change storage characteristics
to begin/end a backup
to add/rename data files
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to redefine a column of the table in SQL ?
None of the above
MODIFY TABLE
All of the above
DEFINE TABLE
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to remove an index from the database in SQL?
ROLL BACK INDEX
None of the above
DROP INDEX
DELETE INDEX
REMOVE INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP INDEX

Q. If you want your database to include methods, you should use a _____ database.
None of the above
Network
Object-Oriented
Hierarchical
Distributed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Object-Oriented

Q. With respect to data input, the most accurate description of batch control is
comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system
All of the above
None of the above
controlling the input of each input clerk
dividing documents to be entered into batches

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system

Q. A set of programs that handle a firm's data base responsibilities is called a
Data Base Processing System (DBPS)
Data Management System (DMS)
Data Base Management System (DBMS)
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called
All of the above
Domains
Queries
Relations
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Domains

Q. Which of the following is not an advantage of the data-base approach?
program/data independence
elimination of the data redundancy
increased security
All of the above are advantages
ability to associate related data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above are advantages

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type can be related to many records in another record type and vice-versa.
None of the above
One-to-many relationship
Many-to-many relationship
Many-to-one relationship
One-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Many-to-many relationship

Q. Which command is used to remove a table from the database in SQL?
UNATTACH TABLE
ERASE TABLE
None of the above
DELETE TABLE
DROP TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP TABLE

Q. When using a database management system, the first thing that you must do is to
keep a floppy disk in readiness
create a database file
activate file editor
load the software into your micro
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: load the software into your micro

Q. Data items grouped together for storage purposes are called a
None of the above
title
record
list
string

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data item characteristics that are important in data management include
spelling
None of the above
width
language
punctuation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: width

Q. Sort/report generators
None of the above
require more disk space than index/report generators
do not need to sort before generating a report
are faster than index/report generators
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: require more disk space than index/report generators

Q. An-owner-member set in the CODASYL specifications may have
only one member but many member occurrence
All of the above
more than one member but only one occurrence per member
None of the above
only one owner but many owner occurrences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: only one owner but many owner occurrences

Q. The master list of an indexed file
contains only a list of keys and record numbers
None of the above
has a number assigned to each record
is sorted in ascending order
both (b) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a number assigned to each record

Q. The designer of a form includes
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
filed designators
data
prompts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. After you _____ a record, many data management the environments require you to issue a command to save the changes you made.
Index
Delete
Update
None of the above
Sort key

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Update

Q. In a large DBMS
each subschema contains every field in the logical schema
All of the above
None of the above
each user can access every sub
each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database

Q. The index consists of
None of the above
a list of keys
All of the above
pointers to the master list
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A network schema
None of the above
All of the above
restricts the structure to a one-to-many relationship
stores data in tables
permits many-to-many relation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: permits many-to-many relation

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to create a synonym for a schema object?
CREATE SCHEMA
None of the above
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE SAME
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE SYNONYM

Q. The database administration function includes
computer operations management
None of the above
application programming
All of the above
database access planning

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database access planning

Q. If the record management system allows you to edit values before they are recorded on disk, you can
change the name of a field
None of the above
correct spelling changes before they are recorded
change the width of a field
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: correct spelling changes before they are recorded

Q. What name is given to the collection of facts, items of information or data which are related in some way?
None of the above
Information tree
Information provider
Directory information
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. A database management system
allows simultaneous access to multiple files
is a collection of programs for managing data in a single file
both (a) and (b)
can do more than a record management system
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. Two files may be joined into a third file if
both (b) and (c)
they have a row in common
they have a field in common
None of the above
they have no records with the same value in the common field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: they have a field in common

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type is related to only one record of another record type.
None of the above
Many-to-one relationship
One-to-many relationship
Many-to-many relationship
One-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-one relationship

Q. Versatile report generators can provide
None of the above
Calculations
Columnar totals
All of the above
Subtotals

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The logical data structure with a one-to-many relationship is a :
tree
chain
relational
None of the above
network

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tree

Q. If you want to group the records in the abc database, you could use the Jobcode as the _____.
Sort Key
None of the above
Update
Delete
Index

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sort Key

Q. Which of the following is a database administrator's function?
performance monitoring
backing up the database
user coordination
database design
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Primitive operations common to all record management systems include
All of the above
None of the above
Look-up
Sort
Print

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Look-up

Q. A logical schema
describes how data is actually stored on disk
is the entire database
is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts

Q. Batch processing is appropriate if
a large computer system is available
All of the above
only a small computer system is available
only a few transactions are involved
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. It is more accurate to define a _____ as a variety of different record types that are treated as a single unit
Flat File
Record
Table
Database
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. Updating a database means
reorganizing the database
revising the file structure
All of the above
modifying or adding record occurrences
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: modifying or adding record occurrences

Q. Sophisticated report generators can
selectively retrieve and print portions of a list
All of the above
None of the above
print row-oriented reports
perform arithmetic operations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A scheme describes
records and files
All of the above
record relationships
None of the above
data elements

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The data dictionary tells the DBMS
None of the above
what files are in the database
what these files contain
All of the above
what attribute are possessed by the data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Embedded pointer provide
None of the above
a secondary access path
a physical record key
All of the above
an inverted index

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a secondary access path

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to redefine an index's future storage allocation
DO INDEX
None of the above
MODIFY INDEX
ALTER INDEX
REDEFINE INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER INDEX

Q. Related fields in a data base are grouped to form
None of the above
menu
data file
bank
data record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data record

Q. Which of the following is true of a network structure?
It will be the dominant data base of the future
It allows a many-to-many relationship
None of the above
It is conceptually simple
It is a physical representation of the data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It allows a many-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, which command is used to select data in rows and column from one or more tables?
BROWSE
SELECT
None of the above
CHOOSE
LIST

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT

Q. A data dictionary doesn't provide information about:
It will be the dominant data base of the future
It is conceptually simple
It allows a many-to-many relationship
the size of the disk storage device
where data is located

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the size of the disk storage device

Q. The on-line, softcopy display a customer's charge account to respond to an inquiry is an examples of a
on demand report
regularly scheduled report
exception report
forecasting report
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: on demand report

Q. A form defines
both (a) and (b)
All of the above
None of the above
the width of each field
where data is placed on the screen

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A file produced by a spreadsheet
is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format
All of the above
can be used as it by the DBMS
None of the above
can be used for graphic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format

Q. The data-base environment has all of the following components except:
separate files
users
data base
data-base administrator
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: separate files

Q. Internal auditors should review data system design before they are
None of the above
developed
implemented
All of the above
modified

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. To have a file hold a list, it is necessary to
All of the above
identify the records in the list
identify the name, width and type of the fields of each record.
None of the above
decide which fields will be used as sort or index keys

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?
ERASE FUNCTION
REMOVE FUNCTION
DELETE FUNCTION
None of the above
DROP FUNCTION

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP FUNCTION

Q. In the DBM approach, application programs perform the
processing functions
storage function
None of the above
All of the above
access control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: processing functions

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable all triggers on a table?
None of the above
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TRIGGERS
All of the above
MODIFY TRIGGERS IN TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which of the following is a type of DBMS software?
All of the above
utilities
query language
report writer
database manipulation language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database manipulation language

Q. In SQL, which command is used to make permanent changes made by statements issue since the beginning of a transaction?
COMMIT
SAVE
ZIP
None of the above
PACK

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: COMMIT

Q. A relational database management (RDBM) package manages data in more than one file at once. How does it organize these file? As
relations
both (a) and (b)
tuple
tables
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A list consists of last names, first names, addresses, and pin codes if all people in the list have the same last and the same pin code, a useful key would be
None of the above
the last name
All of the above
a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name
the pin code

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name

Q. Periodically adding, changing and deleting file records is called file
Updating
renewing
upgrading
None of the above
restructuring

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Updating

Q. A ____ Contains the smallest unit of meaningful data, so you might call it the basic building block for a data file.
None of the above
File structure
Records
Fields
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. In SQL, the _____ command is used to recompile a view
DEFINE VIEW
COMPILE VIEW
CREATE VIEW
ALTER VIEW
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER VIEW

Q. If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then
both (a) and (b)
storage space is wasted
it can be more easily accessed
None of the above
changing the data is one spot will cause data inconsistency

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What is the abbreviation used for a software package that permits the users to create, retrieve and maintain records in a database?
FMS
EMMS
DBMS
None of the above
DASD

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DBMS

Q. The way a particular application views the data from the data base that the application uses is a :
schema
None of the above
subschema
relational model
module

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: subschema

```