Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Database Systems MCQS Questions
Q. In SQL, which command is used to select only one copy of each set of duplicable rows
SELECT DIFFERENT
SELECT UNIQUE
All of the above
None of the above
SELECT DISTINCT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT

Q. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the utilities component of DBMS software?
creating and maintaining the data dictionary
removing flagged records for deletion
monitoring performance
creating the physical and logical designs
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: creating the physical and logical designs

Q. Which of the following is not a logical data-base structure?
All of the above
relational
chain
tree
network

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: chain

Q. In SQL, which command is used to changes data in a table?
INSERT
UPDATE
APPEND
None of the above
BROWSE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: UPDATE

Q. The PROJECT command will create new table that has
both (a) and (b)
more fields than the original table
None of the above
all the fields of master table
more rows than the original table

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A file that is organized in uniform format is formally referred to as a _____ or a database file.
None of the above
Record
Document
Structured data file
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Structured data file

Q. The activity of a file
is a measure of the percentage of existing records updated during a run
is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file
if high, reduces processing efficiency for sequential and nonsequential files
None of the above.
refers to how closely the files fits into the allocated

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE VIEW command is used
None of the above
to recompile view
to create a trigger
to recompile a table
to define a view of one or more tables or views

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to define a view of one or more tables or views

Q. The language used in application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred to as the
query language
All of the above
DDL
DML
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DML

Q. The distinguishable parts of a record are called
data
None of the above
files
database
fields

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: fields

Q. Large collections of files are called
fields
records
file system
None of the above
databases

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: databases

Q. A report generator is used to
All of the above
print files on paper
None of the above
data entry
update files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: print files on paper

Q. The main idea behind computer files is that it is convenient to
store information together
None of the above
arrange them
create them
access them

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: store information together

Q. In SQL, GRANT command is used to
allow user to access databases
None of the above
allow user to create databases
grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles
choose auditing for specific SQL commands

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles

Q. The relational model uses some unfamiliar terminology. A tuple is equivalent to a:
data item
file
record
data base
field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data encryption techniques are particularly useful for
reducing storage space requirements
protecting data in data communication systems
improving data integrity
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: protecting data in data communication systems

Q. Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing?
It is file-oriented
Programs are dependent on the files
It is inflexible
All of the above are true
There is common sharing of data among the various applications

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: There is common sharing of data among the various applications

Q. The model for a record management system might be
handwritten list
All of the above
a business form
a Rolodex card file
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Management Information system (MIS) structure with one main computer system is called a
distributed MIS structure
hierarchical MIS structure
centralized MIS structure
decentralized MIS structure
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: centralized MIS structure

Q. In order to use a record management system
You need to understand the model the record management system uses.
None of the above
All of the above
Both (a) and (b)
You need to understand the low-level details of how information in stored

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: You need to understand the model the record management system uses.

Q. A _____ Contains fields of data about one entity.
Fields
None of the above
Record
File
Document

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Record

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add new rows to a table?
ADD ROW
None of the above
INSERT
ALTER TABLE
APPEND

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: INSERT

Q. Which of the following is not characteristic of a relational database model?
complex logical relationships
None of the above
tables
treelike structure
records

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: treelike structure

Q. Which of the following contains a complete record of all activity that affected the contents of a database during a certain period of time?
transaction log
None of the above
query language
report writer
data manipulation language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: transaction log

Q. A data dictionary is a special file that contains
the data types of all fields in all files
None of the above
All of the above
the widths of all fields in all files
the names of all fields in all files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Queries to a database
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
are written in English
can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT

Q. A race condition occurs when
Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error
both (a) and (b)
All of the above
two users of the DBMS are interacting with different files at the same time
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error

Q. What is the name given to the database management system which is able to handle full text data, image data, audio and video?
Multimedia
Hypertext
Full media
None of the above
Graphics media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Multimedia

Q. Which of the following command(s) is(are) used to recompile a stored procedure in SQL?
COMPILE PROCEDURE
None of the above
MODIFY PROCEDURE id) All of the above
None of the above
ALTER PROCEDURE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER PROCEDURE

Q. Which of the following is not a relational database?
FoxPro
dBASE IV
4th Dimension
None of the above
Reflex

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Reflex

Q. A list in alphabetical order
both (b) and (c)
is in descending order
None of the above
is the result of a sort operation
is in ascending order

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. An indexing operation
establishes an index for a file
both (b) and (c)
None of the above
sorts a file using a single key
sorts file using two keys

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: establishes an index for a file

Q. The model for a _____ resembles the hierarchical model in many respects.
Network database
None of the above
Relational database
Distributed database
Hierarchical database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Network database

Q. A compound key
is a combination of each unique key
None of the above
uniquely identifies an item in a list
both (a) and (b)
is made up a several pieces of information

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. When you have finished entering information into a form
the contents of the form can be printed
the template is written to the data file
the contents of the form are written to the data file
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the contents of the form are written to the data file

Q. Which of the following is a serious problem of file management systems?
lack of data independence
difficult to update
All of the above
program dependence
data redundancy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Characteristic(s) of a distributed MIS structure is
interactive sharing of the workload
a multiprocessing environment
computers supporting local DP operations
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A _____ database does not use pointers or physical links, but instead finds related records by examining the contents of fields.
Object-Oriented
Network
Relational
None of the above
Hierarchical

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Relational

Q. A command that lets you change one or more fields in a record is
Look-up
Modify
Insert
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Modify

Q. What is the language used by most of the DBMSs for helping their users to access data?
4GL
Query language
SQL
High level language
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Query language

Q. Each of data files has a _____ that describe the way the data is stored in the file.
Fields
None of the above
Records
File structure
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: File structure

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
ALTER TABLE
None of the above
INSERT COLUMN
MODIFY TABLE
ADD COLUMN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. If a calculation is embedded in a form
the calculations are stored with the form
the result of the calculations are stored with the form
None of the above
All of the above
the result of the calculations are printed in report

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the calculations are stored with the form

Q. A number of related records that are treated as a unit is called
batch
field
file
None of the above
data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: file

Q. In any hierarchy of data organization, the smallest entity to be processed as a single unit is called
data field
None of the above
database
data record
data file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data field

Q. A computer file contains several records. What does each record contain?
Fields
Bytes
Words
None of the above
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. The highest level in the hierarchy of data organization is called
None of the above
data bank
database
data record
data file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database

Q. An operation that will increase the length of a list is
None of the above
Modify
Look-up
Insert
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Insert

Q. Which of the following hardware components is the most important to the operation of a database management system?
plotter
high-resolution video display
printer
high speed, large-capacity disk
mouse

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: high speed, large-capacity disk

Q. In SQL, which of the following is not a data Manipulation Language Commands?
DELETE
SELECT
CREATE
None of the above
UPDATE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable/drop an integrity constraint in SQL?
All of the above
DEFINE TABLE
MODIFY TABLE
ALTER TABLE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to select distinct subject (SUB) from the table (BOOK)?
SELECT SUB FROM BOOK
SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK
All of the above
None of the above
SELECT ALL FROM BOOK

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK

Q. Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS?
data dictionary and query language
None of the above
data manipulation language and query language
query language and utilities
data dictionary and transaction log

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data dictionary and transaction log

Q. A form can be used to
delete records
None of the above
modify records
format printed output
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a _____ a parent record type can be linked to one or more "child" record types, but a child record type can have only one parent.
None of the above
Relational database
Hierarchical database
Distributed database
Network database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical database

Q. Long-range planning report produced in an MIS are primarily designed for
All of the above
None of the above
lower management
top management
middle management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: top management

Q. A database management system might consist of application programs and a software package called
TOTAL
None of the above
AUTOFLOW
FORTRAN
BPL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BPL

Q. The _____ command is used to allocates an extent for the table in SQL
None of the above
MODIFY TABLE
MODIFY ALLOCATES
ALTER TABLE
REDEFINE TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MODIFY ALLOCATES

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable a database trigger?
ALTER TRIGGER
MODIFY TRIGGER
All of the above
ALTER TABLE
ALTER DATABASE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TRIGGER

Q. The physical location of a record is determined by a mathematical formula that transforms a file key into a record location in
an indexed file
None of the above
a tree file
a hashed file
a sequential file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a hashed file

Q. A large computer information system maintains many different computer files. Which amongst them is called a perpetual file?
Specialized file
Log file
Master file
Update file
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Master file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLE is used
to change a table's storage characteristics
to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation
All of the above
to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
to redefine a column

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation

Q. When performing a look-up operation using a form
you enter the search value into the form
you type the key in an entry line, and the correct form is displayed
All of the above
None of the above
you look at each form sequentially until you see the one you want

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: you enter the search value into the form

Q. Data security threats include
hardware failure
fraudulent manipulation of data
privacy invasion
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: privacy invasion

Q. In SQL, which command is used to create a database user?
ADD USER TO DATABASE
None of the above
CREATE USER
MK USER
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE USER

Q. An audit trail
None of the above
is used to make back-up copies
can be used to restore lost information
is the recorded history of operations performed on a file
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is the recorded history of operations performed on a file

Q. The files stored on a secondary stage device are composed of a hierarchy of data. What does a record in a file contain?
Data field
Bits
Characters
None of the above
Schema

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Data field

Q. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
Network schema
None of the above
Hierarchical schema
All of the above
Relational schema

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical schema

Q. A condition that led to the development of databases was
All of the above
a demand for more data to support information needs
an increase in the amount of data handled by organizations
the proliferation of data files
None of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which language has recently become the de-facto standard for interfacing application programs with relational database system?
None of the above
SQL
Oracle
4GL
dBASE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SQL

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLESPACE is used
to add/rename data files, to change storage
to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace
All of the above
to create a database trigger
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type may be related to more than one record of another record type.
One-to-one relationship
Many-to many relationship
One-to-many relationship
None of the above
Many-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, the ALTER TABLESPACE command is used
to take a tablespace online/offline
to add/rename data files
All of the above
to begin/end a backup
to change storage characteristics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to redefine a column of the table in SQL ?
ALTER TABLE
None of the above
All of the above
DEFINE TABLE
MODIFY TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to remove an index from the database in SQL?
DELETE INDEX
None of the above
ROLL BACK INDEX
DROP INDEX
REMOVE INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP INDEX

Q. If you want your database to include methods, you should use a _____ database.
Object-Oriented
Hierarchical
Distributed
Network
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Object-Oriented

Q. With respect to data input, the most accurate description of batch control is
comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system
None of the above
dividing documents to be entered into batches
All of the above
controlling the input of each input clerk

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system

Q. A set of programs that handle a firm's data base responsibilities is called a
Data Base Processing System (DBPS)
All of the above
None of the above
Data Management System (DMS)
Data Base Management System (DBMS)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called
None of the above
Domains
Relations
Queries
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Domains

Q. Which of the following is not an advantage of the data-base approach?
elimination of the data redundancy
program/data independence
increased security
ability to associate related data
All of the above are advantages

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above are advantages

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type can be related to many records in another record type and vice-versa.
One-to-many relationship
Many-to-many relationship
None of the above
Many-to-one relationship
One-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Many-to-many relationship

Q. Which command is used to remove a table from the database in SQL?
UNATTACH TABLE
ERASE TABLE
None of the above
DROP TABLE
DELETE TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP TABLE

Q. When using a database management system, the first thing that you must do is to
activate file editor
None of the above
create a database file
keep a floppy disk in readiness
load the software into your micro

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: load the software into your micro

Q. Data items grouped together for storage purposes are called a
string
title
list
None of the above
record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data item characteristics that are important in data management include
language
None of the above
spelling
width
punctuation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: width

Q. Sort/report generators
are faster than index/report generators
both (a) and (b)
do not need to sort before generating a report
require more disk space than index/report generators
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: require more disk space than index/report generators

Q. An-owner-member set in the CODASYL specifications may have
only one owner but many owner occurrences
All of the above
None of the above
more than one member but only one occurrence per member
only one member but many member occurrence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: only one owner but many owner occurrences

Q. The master list of an indexed file
is sorted in ascending order
contains only a list of keys and record numbers
None of the above
has a number assigned to each record
both (b) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a number assigned to each record

Q. The designer of a form includes
prompts
filed designators
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. After you _____ a record, many data management the environments require you to issue a command to save the changes you made.
Index
Delete
Sort key
Update
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Update

Q. In a large DBMS
each user can access every sub
each subschema contains every field in the logical schema
None of the above
All of the above
each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database

Q. The index consists of
pointers to the master list
All of the above
a list of keys
None of the above
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A network schema
restricts the structure to a one-to-many relationship
All of the above
permits many-to-many relation
None of the above
stores data in tables

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: permits many-to-many relation

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to create a synonym for a schema object?
CREATE SAME
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE SCHEMA
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE SYNONYM

Q. The database administration function includes
computer operations management
None of the above
database access planning
application programming
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database access planning

Q. If the record management system allows you to edit values before they are recorded on disk, you can
None of the above
correct spelling changes before they are recorded
All of the above
change the name of a field
change the width of a field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: correct spelling changes before they are recorded

Q. What name is given to the collection of facts, items of information or data which are related in some way?
Database
Information tree
Directory information
None of the above
Information provider

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. A database management system
allows simultaneous access to multiple files
None of the above
can do more than a record management system
is a collection of programs for managing data in a single file
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. Two files may be joined into a third file if
both (b) and (c)
they have no records with the same value in the common field
they have a row in common
None of the above
they have a field in common

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: they have a field in common

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type is related to only one record of another record type.
One-to-many relationship
Many-to-one relationship
Many-to-many relationship
None of the above
One-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-one relationship

Q. Versatile report generators can provide
All of the above
Calculations
Columnar totals
Subtotals
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The logical data structure with a one-to-many relationship is a :
network
None of the above
relational
chain
tree

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tree

Q. If you want to group the records in the abc database, you could use the Jobcode as the _____.
None of the above
Delete
Index
Update
Sort Key

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sort Key

Q. Which of the following is a database administrator's function?
database design
user coordination
All of the above
performance monitoring
backing up the database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Primitive operations common to all record management systems include
All of the above
None of the above
Print
Sort
Look-up

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Look-up

Q. A logical schema
is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts
is the entire database
describes how data is actually stored on disk
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts

Q. Batch processing is appropriate if
only a few transactions are involved
a large computer system is available
only a small computer system is available
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. It is more accurate to define a _____ as a variety of different record types that are treated as a single unit
Flat File
None of the above
Database
Record
Table

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. Updating a database means
All of the above
revising the file structure
reorganizing the database
None of the above
modifying or adding record occurrences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: modifying or adding record occurrences

Q. Sophisticated report generators can
selectively retrieve and print portions of a list
None of the above
All of the above
print row-oriented reports
perform arithmetic operations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A scheme describes
record relationships
None of the above
All of the above
records and files
data elements

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The data dictionary tells the DBMS
what files are in the database
None of the above
what these files contain
what attribute are possessed by the data
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Embedded pointer provide
None of the above
All of the above
an inverted index
a secondary access path
a physical record key

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a secondary access path

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to redefine an index's future storage allocation
REDEFINE INDEX
None of the above
ALTER INDEX
DO INDEX
MODIFY INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER INDEX

Q. Related fields in a data base are grouped to form
menu
bank
data file
None of the above
data record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data record

Q. Which of the following is true of a network structure?
None of the above
It is conceptually simple
It will be the dominant data base of the future
It allows a many-to-many relationship
It is a physical representation of the data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It allows a many-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, which command is used to select data in rows and column from one or more tables?
None of the above
CHOOSE
LIST
SELECT
BROWSE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT

Q. A data dictionary doesn't provide information about:
It is conceptually simple
the size of the disk storage device
It allows a many-to-many relationship
It will be the dominant data base of the future
where data is located

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the size of the disk storage device

Q. The on-line, softcopy display a customer's charge account to respond to an inquiry is an examples of a
on demand report
exception report
regularly scheduled report
forecasting report
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: on demand report

Q. A form defines
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
where data is placed on the screen
the width of each field
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A file produced by a spreadsheet
is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format
can be used as it by the DBMS
None of the above
All of the above
can be used for graphic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format

Q. The data-base environment has all of the following components except:
data base
users
separate files
None of the above
data-base administrator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: separate files

Q. Internal auditors should review data system design before they are
All of the above
None of the above
modified
implemented
developed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. To have a file hold a list, it is necessary to
identify the records in the list
None of the above
identify the name, width and type of the fields of each record.
decide which fields will be used as sort or index keys
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?
ERASE FUNCTION
REMOVE FUNCTION
None of the above
DELETE FUNCTION
DROP FUNCTION

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP FUNCTION

Q. In the DBM approach, application programs perform the
processing functions
storage function
access control
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: processing functions

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable all triggers on a table?
ALTER TRIGGERS
None of the above
All of the above
MODIFY TRIGGERS IN TABLE
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which of the following is a type of DBMS software?
report writer
utilities
All of the above
database manipulation language
query language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database manipulation language

Q. In SQL, which command is used to make permanent changes made by statements issue since the beginning of a transaction?
SAVE
None of the above
ZIP
PACK
COMMIT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: COMMIT

Q. A relational database management (RDBM) package manages data in more than one file at once. How does it organize these file? As
tables
relations
tuple
None of the above
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A list consists of last names, first names, addresses, and pin codes if all people in the list have the same last and the same pin code, a useful key would be
the pin code
a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name
None of the above
All of the above
the last name

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name

Q. Periodically adding, changing and deleting file records is called file
Updating
upgrading
renewing
None of the above
restructuring

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Updating

Q. A ____ Contains the smallest unit of meaningful data, so you might call it the basic building block for a data file.
Fields
Records
File structure
Database
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. In SQL, the _____ command is used to recompile a view
DEFINE VIEW
COMPILE VIEW
CREATE VIEW
None of the above
ALTER VIEW

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER VIEW

Q. If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then
None of the above
storage space is wasted
both (a) and (b)
it can be more easily accessed
changing the data is one spot will cause data inconsistency

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What is the abbreviation used for a software package that permits the users to create, retrieve and maintain records in a database?
DBMS
FMS
DASD
None of the above
EMMS

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DBMS

Q. The way a particular application views the data from the data base that the application uses is a :
relational model
module
schema
None of the above
subschema

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: subschema

```