Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Database Systems MCQS Questions
Q. In SQL, which command is used to select only one copy of each set of duplicable rows
SELECT UNIQUE
None of the above
SELECT DIFFERENT
SELECT DISTINCT
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT

Q. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the utilities component of DBMS software?
removing flagged records for deletion
creating the physical and logical designs
monitoring performance
None of the above
creating and maintaining the data dictionary

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: creating the physical and logical designs

Q. Which of the following is not a logical data-base structure?
tree
chain
All of the above
network
relational

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: chain

Q. In SQL, which command is used to changes data in a table?
BROWSE
INSERT
None of the above
UPDATE
APPEND

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: UPDATE

Q. The PROJECT command will create new table that has
more fields than the original table
all the fields of master table
None of the above
both (a) and (b)
more rows than the original table

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A file that is organized in uniform format is formally referred to as a _____ or a database file.
Record
Structured data file
None of the above
Database
Document

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Structured data file

Q. The activity of a file
is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file
refers to how closely the files fits into the allocated
if high, reduces processing efficiency for sequential and nonsequential files
None of the above.
is a measure of the percentage of existing records updated during a run

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE VIEW command is used
to recompile a table
None of the above
to define a view of one or more tables or views
to create a trigger
to recompile view

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to define a view of one or more tables or views

Q. The language used in application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred to as the
All of the above
DDL
DML
None of the above
query language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DML

Q. The distinguishable parts of a record are called
data
None of the above
fields
database
files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: fields

Q. Large collections of files are called
databases
records
fields
None of the above
file system

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: databases

Q. A report generator is used to
data entry
None of the above
update files
All of the above
print files on paper

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: print files on paper

Q. The main idea behind computer files is that it is convenient to
access them
arrange them
store information together
create them
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: store information together

Q. In SQL, GRANT command is used to
allow user to create databases
None of the above
choose auditing for specific SQL commands
grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles
allow user to access databases

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles

Q. The relational model uses some unfamiliar terminology. A tuple is equivalent to a:
field
file
record
data item
data base

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data encryption techniques are particularly useful for
reducing storage space requirements
improving data integrity
All of the above
None of the above
protecting data in data communication systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: protecting data in data communication systems

Q. Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing?
There is common sharing of data among the various applications
It is file-oriented
All of the above are true
It is inflexible
Programs are dependent on the files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: There is common sharing of data among the various applications

Q. The model for a record management system might be
handwritten list
All of the above
None of the above
a Rolodex card file
a business form

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Management Information system (MIS) structure with one main computer system is called a
hierarchical MIS structure
centralized MIS structure
distributed MIS structure
None of the above
decentralized MIS structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: centralized MIS structure

Q. In order to use a record management system
You need to understand the model the record management system uses.
You need to understand the low-level details of how information in stored
All of the above
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: You need to understand the model the record management system uses.

Q. A _____ Contains fields of data about one entity.
Document
File
None of the above
Record
Fields

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Record

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add new rows to a table?
INSERT
ALTER TABLE
None of the above
ADD ROW
APPEND

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: INSERT

Q. Which of the following is not characteristic of a relational database model?
complex logical relationships
records
tables
None of the above
treelike structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: treelike structure

Q. Which of the following contains a complete record of all activity that affected the contents of a database during a certain period of time?
None of the above
query language
data manipulation language
transaction log
report writer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: transaction log

Q. A data dictionary is a special file that contains
All of the above
the data types of all fields in all files
the names of all fields in all files
the widths of all fields in all files
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Queries to a database
both (a) and (b)
can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT
None of the above
are written in English
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT

Q. A race condition occurs when
Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error
two users of the DBMS are interacting with different files at the same time
None of the above
All of the above
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error

Q. What is the name given to the database management system which is able to handle full text data, image data, audio and video?
None of the above
Multimedia
Graphics media
Full media
Hypertext

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Multimedia

Q. Which of the following command(s) is(are) used to recompile a stored procedure in SQL?
COMPILE PROCEDURE
None of the above
None of the above
MODIFY PROCEDURE id) All of the above
ALTER PROCEDURE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER PROCEDURE

Q. Which of the following is not a relational database?
dBASE IV
4th Dimension
FoxPro
Reflex
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Reflex

Q. A list in alphabetical order
is in descending order
both (b) and (c)
None of the above
is in ascending order
is the result of a sort operation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. An indexing operation
both (b) and (c)
sorts file using two keys
sorts a file using a single key
establishes an index for a file
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: establishes an index for a file

Q. The model for a _____ resembles the hierarchical model in many respects.
Network database
Distributed database
Relational database
Hierarchical database
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Network database

Q. A compound key
is made up a several pieces of information
is a combination of each unique key
uniquely identifies an item in a list
None of the above
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. When you have finished entering information into a form
None of the above
the template is written to the data file
All of the above
the contents of the form are written to the data file
the contents of the form can be printed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the contents of the form are written to the data file

Q. Which of the following is a serious problem of file management systems?
All of the above
difficult to update
lack of data independence
program dependence
data redundancy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Characteristic(s) of a distributed MIS structure is
interactive sharing of the workload
computers supporting local DP operations
a multiprocessing environment
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A _____ database does not use pointers or physical links, but instead finds related records by examining the contents of fields.
Hierarchical
Object-Oriented
Network
Relational
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Relational

Q. A command that lets you change one or more fields in a record is
Look-up
Modify
All of the above
None of the above
Insert

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Modify

Q. What is the language used by most of the DBMSs for helping their users to access data?
Query language
4GL
SQL
None of the above
High level language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Query language

Q. Each of data files has a _____ that describe the way the data is stored in the file.
Fields
None of the above
Database
Records
File structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: File structure

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
None of the above
MODIFY TABLE
ALTER TABLE
INSERT COLUMN
ADD COLUMN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. If a calculation is embedded in a form
the result of the calculations are printed in report
the result of the calculations are stored with the form
None of the above
All of the above
the calculations are stored with the form

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the calculations are stored with the form

Q. A number of related records that are treated as a unit is called
None of the above
field
data
file
batch

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: file

Q. In any hierarchy of data organization, the smallest entity to be processed as a single unit is called
data file
database
data field
data record
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data field

Q. A computer file contains several records. What does each record contain?
Database
Bytes
Words
None of the above
Fields

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. The highest level in the hierarchy of data organization is called
None of the above
data file
data record
database
data bank

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database

Q. An operation that will increase the length of a list is
None of the above
Modify
All of the above
Look-up
Insert

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Insert

Q. Which of the following hardware components is the most important to the operation of a database management system?
high-resolution video display
printer
high speed, large-capacity disk
plotter
mouse

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: high speed, large-capacity disk

Q. In SQL, which of the following is not a data Manipulation Language Commands?
CREATE
SELECT
DELETE
None of the above
UPDATE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable/drop an integrity constraint in SQL?
None of the above
ALTER TABLE
MODIFY TABLE
DEFINE TABLE
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to select distinct subject (SUB) from the table (BOOK)?
None of the above
SELECT ALL FROM BOOK
All of the above
SELECT SUB FROM BOOK
SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK

Q. Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS?
None of the above
data manipulation language and query language
query language and utilities
data dictionary and query language
data dictionary and transaction log

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data dictionary and transaction log

Q. A form can be used to
None of the above
delete records
All of the above
format printed output
modify records

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a _____ a parent record type can be linked to one or more "child" record types, but a child record type can have only one parent.
None of the above
Network database
Distributed database
Relational database
Hierarchical database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical database

Q. Long-range planning report produced in an MIS are primarily designed for
All of the above
middle management
None of the above
lower management
top management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: top management

Q. A database management system might consist of application programs and a software package called
AUTOFLOW
BPL
None of the above
FORTRAN
TOTAL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BPL

Q. The _____ command is used to allocates an extent for the table in SQL
REDEFINE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
None of the above
MODIFY ALLOCATES
MODIFY TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MODIFY ALLOCATES

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable a database trigger?
MODIFY TRIGGER
All of the above
ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER DATABASE
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TRIGGER

Q. The physical location of a record is determined by a mathematical formula that transforms a file key into a record location in
a tree file
an indexed file
a sequential file
None of the above
a hashed file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a hashed file

Q. A large computer information system maintains many different computer files. Which amongst them is called a perpetual file?
Log file
None of the above
Specialized file
Update file
Master file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Master file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLE is used
to change a table's storage characteristics
All of the above
to redefine a column
to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation
to add a column/integrity constraint to a table

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation

Q. When performing a look-up operation using a form
you type the key in an entry line, and the correct form is displayed
All of the above
you enter the search value into the form
you look at each form sequentially until you see the one you want
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: you enter the search value into the form

Q. Data security threats include
None of the above
hardware failure
All of the above
fraudulent manipulation of data
privacy invasion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: privacy invasion

Q. In SQL, which command is used to create a database user?
MK USER
CREATE USER
None of the above
All of the above
ADD USER TO DATABASE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE USER

Q. An audit trail
is used to make back-up copies
All of the above
can be used to restore lost information
is the recorded history of operations performed on a file
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is the recorded history of operations performed on a file

Q. The files stored on a secondary stage device are composed of a hierarchy of data. What does a record in a file contain?
Schema
None of the above
Bits
Data field
Characters

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Data field

Q. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
Hierarchical schema
All of the above
Relational schema
Network schema
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical schema

Q. A condition that led to the development of databases was
All of the above
a demand for more data to support information needs
an increase in the amount of data handled by organizations
the proliferation of data files
None of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which language has recently become the de-facto standard for interfacing application programs with relational database system?
Oracle
SQL
None of the above
4GL
dBASE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SQL

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLESPACE is used
to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace
to create a database trigger
to add/rename data files, to change storage
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type may be related to more than one record of another record type.
None of the above
One-to-many relationship
One-to-one relationship
Many-to many relationship
Many-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, the ALTER TABLESPACE command is used
to add/rename data files
All of the above
to begin/end a backup
to take a tablespace online/offline
to change storage characteristics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to redefine a column of the table in SQL ?
All of the above
DEFINE TABLE
MODIFY TABLE
None of the above
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to remove an index from the database in SQL?
DROP INDEX
DELETE INDEX
REMOVE INDEX
ROLL BACK INDEX
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP INDEX

Q. If you want your database to include methods, you should use a _____ database.
Object-Oriented
None of the above
Distributed
Hierarchical
Network

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Object-Oriented

Q. With respect to data input, the most accurate description of batch control is
All of the above
None of the above
controlling the input of each input clerk
comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system
dividing documents to be entered into batches

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system

Q. A set of programs that handle a firm's data base responsibilities is called a
None of the above
Data Management System (DMS)
Data Base Management System (DBMS)
Data Base Processing System (DBPS)
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called
Domains
None of the above
Queries
Relations
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Domains

Q. Which of the following is not an advantage of the data-base approach?
increased security
program/data independence
All of the above are advantages
ability to associate related data
elimination of the data redundancy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above are advantages

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type can be related to many records in another record type and vice-versa.
One-to-many relationship
Many-to-one relationship
None of the above
One-to-one relationship
Many-to-many relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Many-to-many relationship

Q. Which command is used to remove a table from the database in SQL?
UNATTACH TABLE
DROP TABLE
ERASE TABLE
DELETE TABLE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP TABLE

Q. When using a database management system, the first thing that you must do is to
None of the above
keep a floppy disk in readiness
create a database file
load the software into your micro
activate file editor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: load the software into your micro

Q. Data items grouped together for storage purposes are called a
list
title
None of the above
string
record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data item characteristics that are important in data management include
spelling
language
None of the above
punctuation
width

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: width

Q. Sort/report generators
are faster than index/report generators
require more disk space than index/report generators
both (a) and (b)
do not need to sort before generating a report
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: require more disk space than index/report generators

Q. An-owner-member set in the CODASYL specifications may have
None of the above
All of the above
only one owner but many owner occurrences
more than one member but only one occurrence per member
only one member but many member occurrence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: only one owner but many owner occurrences

Q. The master list of an indexed file
has a number assigned to each record
is sorted in ascending order
both (b) and (c)
None of the above
contains only a list of keys and record numbers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a number assigned to each record

Q. The designer of a form includes
None of the above
filed designators
prompts
data
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. After you _____ a record, many data management the environments require you to issue a command to save the changes you made.
Index
Sort key
Delete
None of the above
Update

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Update

Q. In a large DBMS
each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database
each user can access every sub
each subschema contains every field in the logical schema
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database

Q. The index consists of
All of the above
a list of keys
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
pointers to the master list

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A network schema
All of the above
stores data in tables
restricts the structure to a one-to-many relationship
permits many-to-many relation
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: permits many-to-many relation

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to create a synonym for a schema object?
CREATE SYNONYM
All of the above
CREATE SCHEMA
None of the above
CREATE SAME

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE SYNONYM

Q. The database administration function includes
database access planning
None of the above
All of the above
application programming
computer operations management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database access planning

Q. If the record management system allows you to edit values before they are recorded on disk, you can
correct spelling changes before they are recorded
change the width of a field
None of the above
All of the above
change the name of a field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: correct spelling changes before they are recorded

Q. What name is given to the collection of facts, items of information or data which are related in some way?
Information provider
None of the above
Information tree
Directory information
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. A database management system
None of the above
is a collection of programs for managing data in a single file
can do more than a record management system
both (a) and (b)
allows simultaneous access to multiple files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. Two files may be joined into a third file if
they have no records with the same value in the common field
they have a row in common
None of the above
both (b) and (c)
they have a field in common

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: they have a field in common

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type is related to only one record of another record type.
One-to-many relationship
None of the above
One-to-one relationship
Many-to-one relationship
Many-to-many relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-one relationship

Q. Versatile report generators can provide
None of the above
Columnar totals
All of the above
Calculations
Subtotals

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The logical data structure with a one-to-many relationship is a :
tree
None of the above
network
chain
relational

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tree

Q. If you want to group the records in the abc database, you could use the Jobcode as the _____.
Sort Key
Update
Delete
None of the above
Index

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sort Key

Q. Which of the following is a database administrator's function?
user coordination
database design
All of the above
backing up the database
performance monitoring

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Primitive operations common to all record management systems include
Look-up
Sort
All of the above
None of the above
Print

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Look-up

Q. A logical schema
is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts
describes how data is actually stored on disk
is the entire database
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts

Q. Batch processing is appropriate if
None of the above
a large computer system is available
only a few transactions are involved
All of the above
only a small computer system is available

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. It is more accurate to define a _____ as a variety of different record types that are treated as a single unit
Database
Record
Table
Flat File
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. Updating a database means
All of the above
None of the above
revising the file structure
reorganizing the database
modifying or adding record occurrences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: modifying or adding record occurrences

Q. Sophisticated report generators can
None of the above
All of the above
selectively retrieve and print portions of a list
print row-oriented reports
perform arithmetic operations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A scheme describes
records and files
record relationships
None of the above
data elements
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The data dictionary tells the DBMS
what attribute are possessed by the data
None of the above
All of the above
what files are in the database
what these files contain

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Embedded pointer provide
None of the above
All of the above
a physical record key
a secondary access path
an inverted index

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a secondary access path

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to redefine an index's future storage allocation
None of the above
DO INDEX
REDEFINE INDEX
ALTER INDEX
MODIFY INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER INDEX

Q. Related fields in a data base are grouped to form
None of the above
bank
menu
data file
data record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data record

Q. Which of the following is true of a network structure?
It is conceptually simple
None of the above
It allows a many-to-many relationship
It will be the dominant data base of the future
It is a physical representation of the data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It allows a many-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, which command is used to select data in rows and column from one or more tables?
BROWSE
None of the above
LIST
SELECT
CHOOSE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT

Q. A data dictionary doesn't provide information about:
It allows a many-to-many relationship
the size of the disk storage device
It will be the dominant data base of the future
where data is located
It is conceptually simple

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the size of the disk storage device

Q. The on-line, softcopy display a customer's charge account to respond to an inquiry is an examples of a
regularly scheduled report
exception report
on demand report
None of the above
forecasting report

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: on demand report

Q. A form defines
where data is placed on the screen
None of the above
both (a) and (b)
All of the above
the width of each field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A file produced by a spreadsheet
can be used for graphic
is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format
All of the above
None of the above
can be used as it by the DBMS

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format

Q. The data-base environment has all of the following components except:
data base
data-base administrator
separate files
None of the above
users

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: separate files

Q. Internal auditors should review data system design before they are
None of the above
modified
implemented
All of the above
developed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. To have a file hold a list, it is necessary to
All of the above
identify the records in the list
decide which fields will be used as sort or index keys
identify the name, width and type of the fields of each record.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?
DROP FUNCTION
None of the above
ERASE FUNCTION
DELETE FUNCTION
REMOVE FUNCTION

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP FUNCTION

Q. In the DBM approach, application programs perform the
processing functions
All of the above
access control
None of the above
storage function

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: processing functions

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable all triggers on a table?
ALTER TRIGGERS
All of the above
None of the above
MODIFY TRIGGERS IN TABLE
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which of the following is a type of DBMS software?
query language
database manipulation language
utilities
report writer
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database manipulation language

Q. In SQL, which command is used to make permanent changes made by statements issue since the beginning of a transaction?
None of the above
COMMIT
SAVE
PACK
ZIP

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: COMMIT

Q. A relational database management (RDBM) package manages data in more than one file at once. How does it organize these file? As
relations
both (a) and (b)
tables
tuple
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A list consists of last names, first names, addresses, and pin codes if all people in the list have the same last and the same pin code, a useful key would be
All of the above
the pin code
None of the above
a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name
the last name

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name

Q. Periodically adding, changing and deleting file records is called file
upgrading
None of the above
renewing
Updating
restructuring

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Updating

Q. A ____ Contains the smallest unit of meaningful data, so you might call it the basic building block for a data file.
Records
None of the above
Fields
File structure
Database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. In SQL, the _____ command is used to recompile a view
ALTER VIEW
COMPILE VIEW
DEFINE VIEW
None of the above
CREATE VIEW

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER VIEW

Q. If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then
changing the data is one spot will cause data inconsistency
it can be more easily accessed
storage space is wasted
None of the above
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What is the abbreviation used for a software package that permits the users to create, retrieve and maintain records in a database?
FMS
EMMS
DASD
DBMS
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DBMS

Q. The way a particular application views the data from the data base that the application uses is a :
module
None of the above
subschema
schema
relational model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: subschema

```