Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Database Systems MCQS Questions
Q. In SQL, which command is used to select only one copy of each set of duplicable rows
None of the above
SELECT UNIQUE
SELECT DIFFERENT
All of the above
SELECT DISTINCT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT

Q. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the utilities component of DBMS software?
creating and maintaining the data dictionary
None of the above
creating the physical and logical designs
removing flagged records for deletion
monitoring performance

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: creating the physical and logical designs

Q. Which of the following is not a logical data-base structure?
tree
All of the above
chain
relational
network

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: chain

Q. In SQL, which command is used to changes data in a table?
None of the above
APPEND
INSERT
BROWSE
UPDATE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: UPDATE

Q. The PROJECT command will create new table that has
both (a) and (b)
more rows than the original table
None of the above
more fields than the original table
all the fields of master table

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A file that is organized in uniform format is formally referred to as a _____ or a database file.
None of the above
Record
Document
Database
Structured data file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Structured data file

Q. The activity of a file
is a measure of the percentage of existing records updated during a run
is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file
None of the above.
if high, reduces processing efficiency for sequential and nonsequential files
refers to how closely the files fits into the allocated

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a low percentages of number of records added or deleted from a file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE VIEW command is used
to recompile view
to define a view of one or more tables or views
None of the above
to recompile a table
to create a trigger

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to define a view of one or more tables or views

Q. The language used in application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred to as the
All of the above
DML
query language
DDL
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DML

Q. The distinguishable parts of a record are called
None of the above
fields
database
data
files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: fields

Q. Large collections of files are called
None of the above
records
databases
file system
fields

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: databases

Q. A report generator is used to
All of the above
None of the above
data entry
print files on paper
update files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: print files on paper

Q. The main idea behind computer files is that it is convenient to
access them
arrange them
None of the above
store information together
create them

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: store information together

Q. In SQL, GRANT command is used to
choose auditing for specific SQL commands
allow user to access databases
grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles
None of the above
allow user to create databases

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: grant system privileges, roles, and object privileges to uses and roles

Q. The relational model uses some unfamiliar terminology. A tuple is equivalent to a:
file
record
field
data item
data base

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data encryption techniques are particularly useful for
improving data integrity
reducing storage space requirements
protecting data in data communication systems
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: protecting data in data communication systems

Q. Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing?
There is common sharing of data among the various applications
It is inflexible
All of the above are true
It is file-oriented
Programs are dependent on the files

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: There is common sharing of data among the various applications

Q. The model for a record management system might be
a business form
a Rolodex card file
None of the above
handwritten list
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Management Information system (MIS) structure with one main computer system is called a
centralized MIS structure
None of the above
distributed MIS structure
decentralized MIS structure
hierarchical MIS structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: centralized MIS structure

Q. In order to use a record management system
You need to understand the low-level details of how information in stored
None of the above
All of the above
You need to understand the model the record management system uses.
Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: You need to understand the model the record management system uses.

Q. A _____ Contains fields of data about one entity.
Record
Document
None of the above
Fields
File

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Record

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add new rows to a table?
ALTER TABLE
ADD ROW
APPEND
INSERT
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: INSERT

Q. Which of the following is not characteristic of a relational database model?
records
treelike structure
complex logical relationships
tables
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: treelike structure

Q. Which of the following contains a complete record of all activity that affected the contents of a database during a certain period of time?
transaction log
None of the above
query language
data manipulation language
report writer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: transaction log

Q. A data dictionary is a special file that contains
the names of all fields in all files
the widths of all fields in all files
None of the above
the data types of all fields in all files
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Queries to a database
can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT
are written in English
None of the above
All of the above
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT

Q. A race condition occurs when
None of the above
both (a) and (b)
Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error
All of the above
two users of the DBMS are interacting with different files at the same time

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Two concurrent activities interact to cause a processing error

Q. What is the name given to the database management system which is able to handle full text data, image data, audio and video?
Hypertext
None of the above
Graphics media
Multimedia
Full media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Multimedia

Q. Which of the following command(s) is(are) used to recompile a stored procedure in SQL?
None of the above
COMPILE PROCEDURE
None of the above
ALTER PROCEDURE
MODIFY PROCEDURE id) All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER PROCEDURE

Q. Which of the following is not a relational database?
FoxPro
4th Dimension
Reflex
dBASE IV
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Reflex

Q. A list in alphabetical order
is in ascending order
is in descending order
is the result of a sort operation
both (b) and (c)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. An indexing operation
sorts a file using a single key
sorts file using two keys
None of the above
both (b) and (c)
establishes an index for a file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: establishes an index for a file

Q. The model for a _____ resembles the hierarchical model in many respects.
Hierarchical database
None of the above
Relational database
Network database
Distributed database

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Network database

Q. A compound key
uniquely identifies an item in a list
both (a) and (b)
is a combination of each unique key
is made up a several pieces of information
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. When you have finished entering information into a form
the template is written to the data file
None of the above
the contents of the form are written to the data file
the contents of the form can be printed
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the contents of the form are written to the data file

Q. Which of the following is a serious problem of file management systems?
data redundancy
lack of data independence
difficult to update
All of the above
program dependence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Characteristic(s) of a distributed MIS structure is
interactive sharing of the workload
None of the above
computers supporting local DP operations
a multiprocessing environment
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A _____ database does not use pointers or physical links, but instead finds related records by examining the contents of fields.
Network
Hierarchical
Object-Oriented
Relational
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Relational

Q. A command that lets you change one or more fields in a record is
All of the above
None of the above
Insert
Modify
Look-up

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Modify

Q. What is the language used by most of the DBMSs for helping their users to access data?
Query language
SQL
None of the above
High level language
4GL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Query language

Q. Each of data files has a _____ that describe the way the data is stored in the file.
Records
Fields
Database
None of the above
File structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: File structure

Q. In SQL, which command is used to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
INSERT COLUMN
ADD COLUMN
None of the above
ALTER TABLE
MODIFY TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. If a calculation is embedded in a form
the result of the calculations are stored with the form
All of the above
the calculations are stored with the form
the result of the calculations are printed in report
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the calculations are stored with the form

Q. A number of related records that are treated as a unit is called
None of the above
field
file
data
batch

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: file

Q. In any hierarchy of data organization, the smallest entity to be processed as a single unit is called
data record
database
None of the above
data field
data file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data field

Q. A computer file contains several records. What does each record contain?
Database
None of the above
Fields
Words
Bytes

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. The highest level in the hierarchy of data organization is called
data bank
database
None of the above
data record
data file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database

Q. An operation that will increase the length of a list is
Insert
None of the above
All of the above
Modify
Look-up

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Insert

Q. Which of the following hardware components is the most important to the operation of a database management system?
plotter
high speed, large-capacity disk
high-resolution video display
mouse
printer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: high speed, large-capacity disk

Q. In SQL, which of the following is not a data Manipulation Language Commands?
UPDATE
None of the above
DELETE
CREATE
SELECT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable/drop an integrity constraint in SQL?
All of the above
None of the above
MODIFY TABLE
DEFINE TABLE
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to select distinct subject (SUB) from the table (BOOK)?
SELECT SUB FROM BOOK
All of the above
SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK
None of the above
SELECT ALL FROM BOOK

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT DISTINCT SUB FROM BOOK

Q. Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS?
data dictionary and query language
data dictionary and transaction log
data manipulation language and query language
query language and utilities
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data dictionary and transaction log

Q. A form can be used to
modify records
None of the above
delete records
All of the above
format printed output

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a _____ a parent record type can be linked to one or more "child" record types, but a child record type can have only one parent.
Hierarchical database
Distributed database
Network database
Relational database
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical database

Q. Long-range planning report produced in an MIS are primarily designed for
None of the above
top management
All of the above
lower management
middle management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: top management

Q. A database management system might consist of application programs and a software package called
BPL
FORTRAN
TOTAL
AUTOFLOW
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BPL

Q. The _____ command is used to allocates an extent for the table in SQL
REDEFINE TABLE
MODIFY ALLOCATES
MODIFY TABLE
ALTER TABLE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MODIFY ALLOCATES

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable a database trigger?
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TRIGGER
All of the above
MODIFY TRIGGER
ALTER DATABASE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TRIGGER

Q. The physical location of a record is determined by a mathematical formula that transforms a file key into a record location in
an indexed file
None of the above
a tree file
a hashed file
a sequential file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a hashed file

Q. A large computer information system maintains many different computer files. Which amongst them is called a perpetual file?
Update file
Log file
Master file
None of the above
Specialized file

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Master file

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLE is used
to add a column/integrity constraint to a table
to redefine a column
All of the above
to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation
to change a table's storage characteristics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a table, defining its columns, integrity constrains, and storage allocation

Q. When performing a look-up operation using a form
you enter the search value into the form
you type the key in an entry line, and the correct form is displayed
All of the above
None of the above
you look at each form sequentially until you see the one you want

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: you enter the search value into the form

Q. Data security threats include
All of the above
None of the above
privacy invasion
hardware failure
fraudulent manipulation of data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: privacy invasion

Q. In SQL, which command is used to create a database user?
CREATE USER
All of the above
MK USER
ADD USER TO DATABASE
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE USER

Q. An audit trail
is the recorded history of operations performed on a file
is used to make back-up copies
None of the above
can be used to restore lost information
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is the recorded history of operations performed on a file

Q. The files stored on a secondary stage device are composed of a hierarchy of data. What does a record in a file contain?
Bits
Characters
Schema
None of the above
Data field

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Data field

Q. A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a
All of the above
Relational schema
Network schema
Hierarchical schema
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Hierarchical schema

Q. A condition that led to the development of databases was
All of the above
None of the above.
a demand for more data to support information needs
the proliferation of data files
an increase in the amount of data handled by organizations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which language has recently become the de-facto standard for interfacing application programs with relational database system?
dBASE
None of the above
SQL
Oracle
4GL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SQL

Q. In SQL, the CREATE TABLESPACE is used
to create a database trigger
to add/rename data files, to change storage
to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to create a place in the database for storage of scheme objects, rollback segments, and naming the data files to comprise the tablespace

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type may be related to more than one record of another record type.
One-to-many relationship
Many-to many relationship
One-to-one relationship
Many-to-one relationship
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, the ALTER TABLESPACE command is used
to change storage characteristics
to begin/end a backup
All of the above
to add/rename data files
to take a tablespace online/offline

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which command(s) is(are) used to redefine a column of the table in SQL ?
MODIFY TABLE
DEFINE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which command is used to remove an index from the database in SQL?
None of the above
REMOVE INDEX
DELETE INDEX
ROLL BACK INDEX
DROP INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP INDEX

Q. If you want your database to include methods, you should use a _____ database.
Hierarchical
None of the above
Distributed
Network
Object-Oriented

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Object-Oriented

Q. With respect to data input, the most accurate description of batch control is
dividing documents to be entered into batches
comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system
None of the above
All of the above
controlling the input of each input clerk

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: comparing to a pre-calculated figure the total of a data item summed across a batch records put into the system

Q. A set of programs that handle a firm's data base responsibilities is called a
Data Base Management System (DBMS)
All of the above
Data Management System (DMS)
None of the above
Data Base Processing System (DBPS)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In a relational schema, each tuple is divided into fields called
Relations
All of the above
Queries
None of the above
Domains

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Domains

Q. Which of the following is not an advantage of the data-base approach?
elimination of the data redundancy
ability to associate related data
increased security
All of the above are advantages
program/data independence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above are advantages

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type can be related to many records in another record type and vice-versa.
One-to-many relationship
Many-to-many relationship
None of the above
Many-to-one relationship
One-to-one relationship

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Many-to-many relationship

Q. Which command is used to remove a table from the database in SQL?
DROP TABLE
ERASE TABLE
None of the above
DELETE TABLE
UNATTACH TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP TABLE

Q. When using a database management system, the first thing that you must do is to
keep a floppy disk in readiness
create a database file
activate file editor
None of the above
load the software into your micro

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: load the software into your micro

Q. Data items grouped together for storage purposes are called a
string
list
None of the above
title
record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: record

Q. Data item characteristics that are important in data management include
language
width
spelling
None of the above
punctuation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: width

Q. Sort/report generators
None of the above
do not need to sort before generating a report
are faster than index/report generators
require more disk space than index/report generators
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: require more disk space than index/report generators

Q. An-owner-member set in the CODASYL specifications may have
only one member but many member occurrence
None of the above
only one owner but many owner occurrences
more than one member but only one occurrence per member
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: only one owner but many owner occurrences

Q. The master list of an indexed file
is sorted in ascending order
contains only a list of keys and record numbers
None of the above
has a number assigned to each record
both (b) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a number assigned to each record

Q. The designer of a form includes
None of the above
data
filed designators
both (a) and (b)
prompts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. After you _____ a record, many data management the environments require you to issue a command to save the changes you made.
Delete
Sort key
Index
Update
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Update

Q. In a large DBMS
each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database
each subschema contains every field in the logical schema
None of the above
each user can access every sub
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each user can "see" only a small part of the entire database

Q. The index consists of
a list of keys
both (a) and (b)
pointers to the master list
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A network schema
restricts the structure to a one-to-many relationship
None of the above
All of the above
stores data in tables
permits many-to-many relation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: permits many-to-many relation

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to create a synonym for a schema object?
None of the above
All of the above
CREATE SAME
CREATE SYNONYM
CREATE SCHEMA

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CREATE SYNONYM

Q. The database administration function includes
All of the above
application programming
computer operations management
None of the above
database access planning

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database access planning

Q. If the record management system allows you to edit values before they are recorded on disk, you can
change the width of a field
correct spelling changes before they are recorded
change the name of a field
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: correct spelling changes before they are recorded

Q. What name is given to the collection of facts, items of information or data which are related in some way?
Information provider
Database
None of the above
Directory information
Information tree

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. A database management system
can do more than a record management system
both (a) and (b)
allows simultaneous access to multiple files
is a collection of programs for managing data in a single file
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. Two files may be joined into a third file if
both (b) and (c)
they have no records with the same value in the common field
they have a field in common
None of the above
they have a row in common

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: they have a field in common

Q. A _____ means that one record in a particular record type is related to only one record of another record type.
Many-to-many relationship
Many-to-one relationship
One-to-many relationship
One-to-one relationship
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: One-to-one relationship

Q. Versatile report generators can provide
None of the above
Calculations
All of the above
Columnar totals
Subtotals

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The logical data structure with a one-to-many relationship is a :
relational
network
None of the above
chain
tree

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tree

Q. If you want to group the records in the abc database, you could use the Jobcode as the _____.
Sort Key
None of the above
Update
Index
Delete

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sort Key

Q. Which of the following is a database administrator's function?
backing up the database
All of the above
performance monitoring
database design
user coordination

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Primitive operations common to all record management systems include
None of the above
Sort
Look-up
All of the above
Print

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Look-up

Q. A logical schema
is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts
None of the above
is the entire database
All of the above
describes how data is actually stored on disk

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts

Q. Batch processing is appropriate if
All of the above
only a few transactions are involved
a large computer system is available
None of the above
only a small computer system is available

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. It is more accurate to define a _____ as a variety of different record types that are treated as a single unit
Table
None of the above
Database
Flat File
Record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Database

Q. Updating a database means
None of the above
revising the file structure
reorganizing the database
All of the above
modifying or adding record occurrences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: modifying or adding record occurrences

Q. Sophisticated report generators can
All of the above
None of the above
selectively retrieve and print portions of a list
perform arithmetic operations
print row-oriented reports

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A scheme describes
data elements
record relationships
None of the above
records and files
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The data dictionary tells the DBMS
what these files contain
None of the above
what files are in the database
what attribute are possessed by the data
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Embedded pointer provide
a physical record key
a secondary access path
None of the above
an inverted index
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a secondary access path

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to redefine an index's future storage allocation
REDEFINE INDEX
MODIFY INDEX
ALTER INDEX
None of the above
DO INDEX

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER INDEX

Q. Related fields in a data base are grouped to form
None of the above
bank
data file
menu
data record

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: data record

Q. Which of the following is true of a network structure?
It will be the dominant data base of the future
It is a physical representation of the data
None of the above
It allows a many-to-many relationship
It is conceptually simple

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It allows a many-to-many relationship

Q. In SQL, which command is used to select data in rows and column from one or more tables?
BROWSE
LIST
CHOOSE
SELECT
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SELECT

Q. A data dictionary doesn't provide information about:
It allows a many-to-many relationship
It will be the dominant data base of the future
where data is located
the size of the disk storage device
It is conceptually simple

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the size of the disk storage device

Q. The on-line, softcopy display a customer's charge account to respond to an inquiry is an examples of a
forecasting report
on demand report
regularly scheduled report
exception report
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: on demand report

Q. A form defines
where data is placed on the screen
None of the above
All of the above
the width of each field
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A file produced by a spreadsheet
All of the above
is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format
can be used as it by the DBMS
None of the above
can be used for graphic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text format

Q. The data-base environment has all of the following components except:
users
data base
separate files
None of the above
data-base administrator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: separate files

Q. Internal auditors should review data system design before they are
All of the above
developed
implemented
modified
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. To have a file hold a list, it is necessary to
All of the above
decide which fields will be used as sort or index keys
identify the records in the list
None of the above
identify the name, width and type of the fields of each record.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In SQL, which command is used to remove a stored function from the database?
DROP FUNCTION
ERASE FUNCTION
None of the above
REMOVE FUNCTION
DELETE FUNCTION

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DROP FUNCTION

Q. In the DBM approach, application programs perform the
processing functions
None of the above
access control
storage function
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: processing functions

Q. In SQL, which command(s) is(are) used to enable/disable all triggers on a table?
None of the above
All of the above
ALTER TRIGGERS
MODIFY TRIGGERS IN TABLE
ALTER TABLE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER TABLE

Q. Which of the following is a type of DBMS software?
utilities
report writer
database manipulation language
query language
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: database manipulation language

Q. In SQL, which command is used to make permanent changes made by statements issue since the beginning of a transaction?
PACK
None of the above
COMMIT
ZIP
SAVE

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: COMMIT

Q. A relational database management (RDBM) package manages data in more than one file at once. How does it organize these file? As
both (a) and (b)
None of the above
tables
tuple
relations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. A list consists of last names, first names, addresses, and pin codes if all people in the list have the same last and the same pin code, a useful key would be
the last name
the pin code
All of the above
a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a compound key consisting of the first name and the last name

Q. Periodically adding, changing and deleting file records is called file
restructuring
Updating
None of the above
upgrading
renewing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Updating

Q. A ____ Contains the smallest unit of meaningful data, so you might call it the basic building block for a data file.
File structure
Database
Fields
Records
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Fields

Q. In SQL, the _____ command is used to recompile a view
DEFINE VIEW
COMPILE VIEW
None of the above
ALTER VIEW
CREATE VIEW

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ALTER VIEW

Q. If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then
storage space is wasted
it can be more easily accessed
changing the data is one spot will cause data inconsistency
None of the above
both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What is the abbreviation used for a software package that permits the users to create, retrieve and maintain records in a database?
FMS
None of the above
EMMS
DBMS
DASD

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DBMS

Q. The way a particular application views the data from the data base that the application uses is a :
relational model
module
schema
None of the above
subschema

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: subschema

```