Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Automation System MCQS Questions
Q. What key hardware item ties a CAD/ CAM system together?
Graphics workstation
None of the above
Plotter
Digitizer
Mouse

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Graphics workstation

Q. The steady-state error is:
independent of the type of input
a function of the transient response
decreased by increasing gain.
zero for all inputs to type 1 systems
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: decreased by increasing gain.

Q. A pick-and-place manipulator is:
capable of point-to-point operation
primarily used for large parts handling
an intelligent robot
the most flexible of all robots
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capable of point-to-point operation

Q. Numerical control:
All of the above
is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions
is a method for producing an exact number of parts per hour
None of the above
applies only to milling machines

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions

Q. The use of specialized workstations:
has a high cost-performance tradeoff
reduces the host computer workload and allows more users
None of the above
provides limited growth potentials for 3-D
reduces the host computer workload

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: reduces the host computer workload and allows more users

Q. The three key elements for a graphics workstation include the host processor, display controller, and:
keyboard
digitizer
None of the above
CRT
mouse

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CRT

Q. What two disciplines are usually tied by a common data base?
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
Drafting and documentation
Documentation and geometric modeling
Testing and analysis
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing

Q. The robot:
None of the above
is very primitive at the present
represents the most powerful new industrial automation tool currently on the horizon
All of the above
will be more useful when robot vision is improved significantly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Flood guns bombard the phosphor surface of the tube in which one of the following types of CRT technology?
Refresh-vector CRT
Stroke CRT
Raster scan CRT
None of the above
Direct view storage tube

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Direct view storage tube

Q. The speed at which the monitor accepts data is called:
response time
scanning
interlacing
bandwidth
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: bandwidth

Q. Flexible manufacturing allows for:
factory management
None of the above
quick and inexpensive product changes
tool design and tool production
automated design

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: quick and inexpensive product changes

Q. If the transient response is under damped:
the present overshoot is zero
None of the above
the value of the output will exceed the value of the input at times during the transient period
both a and b
steady-state will be reached faster than if the system is overdamped

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both a and b

Q. Which item best describes a CAM technology?
None of the above
Geometric modeling
Numerical control
Documentation
Drafting

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Numerical control

Q. One of the major benefits of using CAD in tool design is that:
None of the above
there is better coordination in the materials-handling area
tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object
it simplifies the trial-and-error method
product design represents approximately one-half the engineering costs

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object

Q. The rectangular boundary around a specific area on the display is called
a conic section
a view point
a view plane
None of the above
a window

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a window

Q. Today, programmable controllers:
None of the above
are relatively low cost compared with the original digital equipment available for industrial control
All of the above
are more powerful then the first controllers on the market
can be cost effective even when replacing just a few relays

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the plotters listed below eliminates media size limitations?
None of the above
Drum
Flatbed
Pinch roller
Electrostatic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum

Q. What is the process lag?
None of the above
All of the above
The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.
The time it takes for the sensor to respond to a changed.
The lag in the error signal when the setpoint is changed.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.

Q. The user communicates directly with the computer through its peripheral devices is known as
Intelligent terminal Processing
Batch mode processing
None of the above
On-line processing
Remote-terminal processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: On-line processing

Q. Which of these controller types is the most accurate?
None of the above
Proportional plus derivative
Three mode
Proportional
Proportional plus integral

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Three mode

Q. Over the last ten years, productivity has risen most rapidly in:
France
Japan
Italy
None of the above
United States

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Japan

Q. Which part of the system performs the "housekeeping" chores?
translator
compiler
interpreter
None of the above
operating system

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: operating system

Q. Most current PC CAD systems are used for producing:
finite element analysis
solids modeling
2-D drawings
circuit simulation
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 2-D drawings

Q. The addition of _____ can reduce processing time.
None of the above
An EPROM
A converter
A co-processor
A buffer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A co-processor

Q. Programmable controllers:
are widely used in many different industries
cannot perform functions other than relay logic
None of the above
(a) and (c) above
are programmed using relay ladder logic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. What should be first considered in choosing a plotter?
The application for which it will be used
The cost
None of the above
The type of data you will input
The hardware you currently own

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The application for which it will be used

Q. How is the integral mode implemented using analog methods?
Op amp and a capacitor
Op amp and resistors
None of the above
Op amp and an RC network to place the error voltage across the capacitor
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Op amp and a capacitor

Q. The processing, which normally consists of a small computer with one or more peripheral devices, connected via a high-speed line to the large control computer is known as
None of the above
Batch mode processing
Remote-terminal processing
Intelligent terminal Processing
On-line processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Intelligent terminal Processing

Q. Vision sensors:
can not improve much in the next decade
will remain very costly
will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye

Q. Pressure sensors:
use an aneroid chamber with a variable resistance output
use the piezoresistive effect in strain gauge sensors
None of the above
All of the above
use capacitive variations to sense pressure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A LISP environment consists of a language, a programming environ-ment, and:
a set of functions
a large address
random-access storage
None of the above
a processor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of functions

Q. The difference between CAD and CAM is that CAD software is directed at product design while CAM software is:
designed for communications
specifically for PC-board design
concerned with production and control of tool design
None of the above
concerned with management programs

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: concerned with production and control of tool design

Q. Which of the following is required for a plotter to perform specific commands?
Software
Hardware
Driver
Firmware
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Driver

Q. The main activity(ies) of Designer in CAD is/are:
None of the above
Application of creativity, ingenuity, and experience.
Organisation of design information
All of the above
Control of the design process in information distribution.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Microcomputer-based control sys-tems
will just keep their present capability
will tend to increase in cost.
All of the above
None of the above
will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.

Q. The basic difference between broadband and baseband is:
transmission
capacity
availability
None of the above
reliability

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capacity

Q. Having compatibility and commonality in and between vendors' equipment is called:
integration
None of the above
networking
registration
standardization

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: standardization

Q. The Ziegler-Nichols method:
can be used to determine gain factors of a PI loop
is a graphical solution method
a and b above
None of the above
is a method of control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a and b above

Q. The two major categories of software are: application software and
system software
CAD software
None of the above
UNIX software
high-level languages

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: system software

Q. High-level languages:
are very difficult to use
cannot be used with automatic systems.
are "procedure-oriented"
None of the above
require knowledge of the computer design

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are "procedure-oriented"

Q. A Hall effect switch is usually used to:
sense a vacuum
sense the presence of a magnetic object.
None of the above
measure voltage
measure temperature

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sense the presence of a magnetic object.

Q. Robots consist of three basic components; power supply, control (memory) console, and:
coaxial cable
microcomputer
None of the above
mechanical unit (arm)
software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: mechanical unit (arm)

Q. The device that assembles groups of characters into complete messages prior to their entering the CPU is called:
an interpreter
a compiler
an editor
a communications processor
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a communications processor

Q. What two methods are available to build electronic continuous control?
None of the above
Analog and digital
Pneumatic and analog
All of the above
Analog and mechanical

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Analog and digital

Q. A servo controlled robot:
stop only at fixed points on each axis
can accelerate
None of the above
must be electrically driven
must be hydraulically driven

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can accelerate

Q. Which of the following is considered a high-level language?
FORTRAN
Machine language
None of the above
All of the above
Assembly language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: FORTRAN

Q. A technique for displaying applications where complex 3-D geometric are required for the exteror shall of a product is called:
None of the above
surface modeling
2-D modeling
3-D modeling
solid modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: surface modeling

Q. Sensors:
will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future
probably will not improve over the next decade
are easily developed
None of the above
are not important in automation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future

Q. The output of a thermocouple is:
a voltage
None of the above
a resistance
a capacitance
a current

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a voltage

Q. CAE and CAM are linked through:
NC tape programming and automated design
None of the above
assembly automation and tool production.
a common data base and communications system
parts production and testing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a common data base and communications system

Q. The power source that drives the manipulator can be:
None of the above
pneumatic
All of the above
electric
hydraulic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A flexible manufacturing system may be:
None of the above
expensive to alter
very difficult to change when new products are introduced
an automated assembly line
All of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an automated assembly line

Q. A venturi tube:
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates
measures the presence of a liquid
None of the above
is made only of metal
is extremely difficult to use

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates

Q. The linking of PCs with a communi-cations system is referred to as:
workstations
networking
turnkey systems
streaming
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: networking

Q. An assembly language instruction:
corresponds to one computer operation
None of the above
is written in ones and zeros
does not require knowledge of the computer design
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: corresponds to one computer operation

Q. Historically, central systems were used because:
All of the above
None of the above
semiconductor memory was not available
memory was very expensive
memory consumed a large amount of power

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. When a computer fetches an instruction, the binary code representing the instruction appears on the:
input data bus
output data bus
I/O address bus
memory data bus
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: memory data bus

Q. Flat panel displays are based on what type of technology?
Solid state
None of the above
RGB monitor
Direct view storage tube
Very large-scale integration (VLSI)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid state

Q. The heart of automation technology is.
robots
sensors
computers
None of the above
control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: computers

Q. Which of the following elements can be used with a TI510 FC?
Cymbal timer
Metronome
None of the above
Drum timer
Flashing light

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum timer

Q. An encoder:
is used to send telegraph signals
converts an input to a binary number
None of the above
converts a binary number to a decimal number.
can have only four keys

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: converts an input to a binary number

Q. How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller?
the error is divided into discrete amounts
All of the above
the digital controller cannot handle integral mode
the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller

Q. Which of the following editor(s) is(are) incorporated into general CAD system?
Line Editor
None of the above
Macro and symbol Editor
Point Editor
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A solenoid:
None of the above
is widely used in industrial automation
is related to an aneroid
can be used only in de circuits
is spring operated

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is widely used in industrial automation

Q. Using a microcomputer as a controller allows:
simpler mechanical hardware
faster cycle time
None of the above
All of the above
more self diagnostics of the machine operation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Programming languages currently available for robots:
may allow primitive motion
require training
All of the above
may be point-to-point languages
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following represents a conditional branching instruction?
JMP MOTOR
GOTO 50
None of the above
BGT LOOPS
X = 5 + Y

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BGT LOOPS

Q. The two types of relays in a PC are:
an output relay and a control relay
a retentive relay and a non-retentive relay
All of the above
None of the above
a control relay and a retentive relay

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an output relay and a control relay

Q. A stepping motor;
has a speed proportional to voltage input
None of the above
is a good choice where continuous rotation is needed
can index positional movement.
has a commutator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can index positional movement.

Q. Automation normally means:
a net loss of jobs.
no change in jobs.
None of the above
a net increase in jobs.
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a net increase in jobs.

Q. The physical arrangement of equipment in a network is called:
topology
queuing
pairing
logic
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: topology

Q. When was the first successful industrial robot installed in the General Motors Plant in USA?
None of the above
1963
1961
1967
1960

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1961

Q. Many things can be done to minimize downtime loss. Identify two of them.
None of the above
provide an extra workstation
establish a user forum program
both b and c
stock critical spare parts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both b and c

Q. The electronic component that has been the key to recent developments in automation is the:
diode
improved vacuum tube
transistor
None of the above
integrated circuit

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: integrated circuit

Q. Two of the major processing languages are PROLOG and:
BASIC
None of the above
COBOL
LISP
Pascal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: LISP

Q. Which type of digitizer measures a wave traveling at the speed of sound?
None of the above
Caparitive
Digitizing sr amer
Sonic
Electrostatic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sonic

Q. The three different types of pen plotter technology are flatbed, drum, and:
None of the above
electrostatic
thermal
impact
pinch roller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: pinch roller

Q. An operating system:
is useless in most control applications
All of the above
None of the above
can help reduce software development time
provides ability for other programmers to understand the software structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can help reduce software development time

Q. Stepping motors:
can be built to index different amounts by changing the pole configuration
can run both clockwise and counterclockwise
can run at varying speeds
do not require commutators
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Who made the statement "if a robot can do a job, a person should not be doing it"?
Prof. F. A. Fisher of Britain
Prof. Meredith Turing, London University
John Smith, USA
Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California
None ,of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California

Q. The axis of movement of a robot may include:
X-Y coordinate motion
All of the above
None of the above
Wrist rotation
elbow rotation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is often used as an alternative to the light pen or in association with storage tube displays?
Track ball
Tablet
None of the above
Mouse
Digitiser

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Tablet

Q. The first industrial robot for commercial uses was installed in a Japanese plant at Toyota Automatic Loom Company, the parent company of the Toyota Automobile Group. When did this robot go into operation?
Jun-65
Apr-70
Nov-66
None of the above
Dec-67

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dec-67

Q. Which of the following symbol modes are used to input of graphics to General CAD system?
None of the above
Arc and Circle mode
All of the above
Live and Rectangle mode
Dimension and Alphanumeric mode

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The rate at which scanning is repeated is called the:
stroke rate
bandwidth
None of the above
resolution
refresh rate

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: refresh rate

Q. A way to transfer programs to a central system is:
to develop the program on the actual system only
to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system
All of the above
None of the above
by setting bit switches on the central CPU

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system

Q. The "end-effector" of a robot:
is the robot "hand"
All of the above
None of the above
can be an actual tool
may have a gripping action

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The difference between a high-technology and a medium-technology robot is the:
complexity of the task it can perform.
speed of movement
accuracy of the robot
None of the above
range of motion of the robot

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: complexity of the task it can perform.

Q. What Is a process variable?
A controlled variable
A process parameter that changes value
None of the above
A manipulated variable
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A continuous process is:
None of the above
one that never shuts down
used only with analog controllers.
self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.
used only for simple tasks

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.

Q. An operational amplifier:
uses the principle of feedback
None of the above
All of the above
can be used to subtract two or more signals
can be used to sum two or more signals

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The computer graphics system called SKETCHPAD was demonstrated at
Imperial college of Science and Technology, London, 1973
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963
University of Aston, Birmingham, 1960
Cranfield Institute of Technology, London, 1962
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963

Q. The new industrial revolution has been caused by:
None of the above
the Vietnam War
advances in electronics
social unrest
demand for higher wages

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: advances in electronics

Q. In the instruction, 500 SUBA # 50 the command field is:
SUBA
# 50000
500
None of the above
(b) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SUBA

Q. The APT (automatically progra-mmed tools) language is used with:
programmable controllers
None of the above
large automation systems
numerical controlled machines.
drafting systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: numerical controlled machines.

Q. A proportional plus integral contro-ller can:
can compensate for lag
both (b) and (c)
has no transient response
can increase the system type
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. For a type 1 system, the steady-state:
None of the above
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
error for a velocity input is always zero
(a) and (c)
error for a step input is always zero

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Which of the methods below can be used to tell a robot what it is to do?
(a) and (c)
Set mechanical stops
Walk-through
None of the above
Software program

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Semiconductor devices:
have a very short infant mortality period
All of the above
None of the above
usually have a very short MTBF (mean time between failure)
are less reliable than electro

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: have a very short infant mortality period

Q. What prevents a robotic instrument from running into other objects?
None of the above
negative image
sensory devices
memory
functional manipulators

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sensory devices

Q. Which of the following devices would be classified as a robot by the Robot Institute of America?
Artificial hand
All of the above
Pick-and-place manipulator
None of the above
Automobile

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Pick-and-place manipulator

Q. In general, American buyers will purchase goods:
that offer the best quality for the least money.
None of the above
that are made in America, even at higher costs.
(a) and (c)
without regard to country of manufacturer.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The ideal solution is to have a system coordinator who will interface with the engineering and manufacturing managers, as well as the:
MIS manager
None of the above
finance manager
marketing manager
president

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MIS manager

Q. Most industrial control applications:
must have the process specified correctly to be successful
All of the above
can be done more reliably using solid-state methods
can be solved using more than one method of control
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In raster-scan colour monitors, colour can be intensified by:
None of the above
having each electron gun controlled by separate signal
having each electron gun controlled by a composite signal
using an in-line gun arrangement with a solid metal mesh
grouping the phosphor dots in a circular pattern

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: having each electron gun controlled by separate signal

Q. Compared to humans, machines:
(a) and (c)
None of the above
can make more complex decisions based on unexpected circumstances
make fewer errors
can work in harsher environments

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. A microprocessor:
is another name for a computer
None of the above
(a) and (c)
is a CPU in integrated circuit form
executes a program of instructions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Several objectives are required to achieve a successful data base management program. These are availability of data, quality of data, and
up-to-date data
None of the above
transmission of data
compatibility of data
desirability of data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: up-to-date data

Q. When one must sell a project to management, the most important document he or she can produce is a:
summary of the problem
procedure for purchase
project evaluation
method for financing the project
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: project evaluation

Q. FORTRAN is:
All of the above
a medium-level language
None of the above
a mathematically oriented language
machine dependent

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a mathematically oriented language

Q. When of the following produces the best quality graphics reproduction?
Plotters
None of the above
Ink jet printers
Dot metric printers
Laser printers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotters

Q. What kind of capability is required if one plans to interface with a plotter or printer?
None of the above
A graphics cable
A co-processor
A graphics board
RGB monitor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A graphics board

Q. Actuators are used to:
All of the above
None of the above
activate a chemical
make a mechanical movement
sense an object

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: make a mechanical movement

Q. An aneroid barometer
can measure only atmospheric pressure
None of the above
measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates
is very unreliable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.

Q. Use of modern control technology in automation systems:
All of the above
increases yield
improves reliability
reduces costs
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Computer-based controllers:
(a) and (c) above
None of the above
should be built in a modular fashion wherever possible
are very flexible
are very difficult to change

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. The hardware device Jhat acts as both a switching and connecting unit is called a(n):
communications processor
RS-232C port
concentrator
None of the above
multiplexer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: multiplexer

Q. The workspace required for a robot:
None of the above
is not dependent on the application.
is less than that of a human performing the same task
must be enclosed by a fence
depends upon the robot used

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: depends upon the robot used

Q. In the operation of a programmable controller:
None of the above
All of the above
all of the logic status is maintained in memory
any latched data must be done using an external latching relay
mathematics cannot be performed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the logic status is maintained in memory

Q. Software is:
tape input.
a programming language
printer output
None of the above
a set of instructions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of instructions

Q. A set of well-defined procedures based on mathematical and geometric formulas for solving a problem in a finite number of steps is called:
None of the above
a geometric model
arithmetic logic
an algorithm
a permutation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an algorithm

Q. The coordinate system used to describe a workpiece:
None of the above
All of the above
changes from part to part
is always two-dimensional
is defined with respect to a point on the machine

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is defined with respect to a point on the machine

Q. Who are called steel collar workers?
Office clerks
Steel factory workers
None of the above
Robots
Factory workers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which of the following may be classified as an automation system?
automated warehouses
robotics
numerically controlled machine tools
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A microprocessor is:
All of the above
an integrated circuit
None of the above
controlled by a program
relatively inexpensive

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A program language:
is always machine dependent
All of the above
is never machine dependent
None of the above
defines the form of the instruction

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: defines the form of the instruction

Q. Trend analysis:
is used only in financial planning
can improve control system response
is a brand new concept
None of the above
requires a very expensive system to implement

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can improve control system response

Q. The raster CRT eliminates:
None of the above
flicker and slow update
flicker only
slow update only
has no effect

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: flicker and slow update

Q. The concept of a general CAD system was that it should provide:
None of the above
A set of basic system functions and utilities.
A system for the operation of applications programming.
A system for handling user actions.
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. If the present value in a timer in the TI510 is 8, how many milliseconds is required from the time the timer is started until the output is enabled?
18
149.88
1275.41
None of the above
133.36

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 133.36

Q. Which of the following is a graphical input device?
Track ball
keyboard
None of the above
mouse
light pen

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: light pen

Q. Productivity is defined as:
None of the above
output per man-hour of labour
cost per day
number of items manufactured per day
cost per unit

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: output per man-hour of labour

Q. The lowest form of computer language is called:
COBOL
BASIC
FORTRAN
None of the above
machine language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: machine language

Q. The term used to represent the recycling of unused memory is:
memory dump
None of the above
diagnostic routine
garbage collection
direct memory access

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: garbage collection

Q. The SKETCHPAD system
is used for interactive Graphics
consisted of an cathode-ray oscilloscope driven by a Lincoln Tx2 computer where by graphical information was displayed on the screen.
is expensive because it is sophisticated and make demands on the power and resources of the computer.
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In order to combat foreign competition, U.S. companies are:
None of the above
ignoring the situation
automating
seeking import tariffs
decreasing the salaries

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: automating

Q. A dc servo motor:
uses a tachometer for speed feedback
All of the above
uses a variable dc voltage for speed control
can provide precise position control
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. For a type 0 system, the steady-state:
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
(a) and (c)
error for a velocity input is always zero
error for a step input is always zero
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: input for acceleration input is always non-zero

Q. Speech recognition:
will be used in more applications as the technology matures.
None of the above
will never be used in industrial controls
All of the above
is already widely used in industrial controls

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be used in more applications as the technology matures.

Q. What is the difference between integral and derivative control?
derivative control responds to a change in the rate of change in the error signal
derivative control does not eliminate offset error
All of the above
None of the above
integral control has slower response to an error signal.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is a graphical output device?
Dot-matrix Printer
Line Printer
None of the above
Plotter
Laser Printer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Resolution in a CRT refers to:
the number of phosphor dots that react when hit by the electron beam
the number of pixels in each square centimeter
the number of addressable elements on the tube
the speed at which the monitor can accept data from the computer
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of addressable elements on the tube

Q. Which of the following devices could be part of a sensor?
thermometer
None of the above
brake
clutch.
relay

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: thermometer

Q. A favourable reason for automation is to:
increase number of operations
raises assembly cost
decrease throughput
perform difficult operations
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: perform difficult operations

Q. Direct Numerical Control means:
None of the above
complete elimination of a need for a human operator.
using one computer to control several machines
eliminating computers from the manufacturing process
using several computers to control one large machine

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: using one computer to control several machines

Q. One advantage of a PC in industrial control is that it:
has a reliable long life compared to relay logic
None of the above
is very difficult for the inexperienced programmer to understand
All of the above
is unreliable because there are no moving parts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a reliable long life compared to relay logic

Q. Which of the following is a machine language instruction?
GOTO XOUT
None of the above
ADD 5
10001101
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10001101

Q. A flip-flop:
is a sequential logic device
None of the above
is a combinational logic device
remembers what was previously stored in it
(a) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The general CAD system was development by considering a wide range of possible uses of such a system.
Structural engineering design and Electronic circuit design
Mechanical engineering design
All of the above
Animation and graphic design
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. There are several procedures you can implement to provide maximum security. The most important of these is:
run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)
do not leave training manuals unsecured
Verify the reputation of the people installing your system
do not allow unbonded service people to work on your equipment
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)

Q. Which method is frequently used, especially in the early stages of design?
The iterative design method
All of the above
The design selection method
None of the above
The direct method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. The greatest change as a result of CAD/CAM is taking place in which industry?
None of the above
Medical
Aerospace
Electronics
Cartography

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Electronics

Q. The main function(s) of computer in CAD is/are
To relieve the designer from routine repetitious tasks.
None of the above
All of the above
To enhance the analytical and logical power of the designer
To serve as an extension to the memory of the designer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A common data base is one requisite for converting CAD and CAM to CIM. Another is that:
there should be a common 3-D part description system.
the system must make provision for new techniques.
technical assistance must be provided to the user.
the user must have access to both hardware and software
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: there should be a common 3-D part description system.

Q. Light sensors:
never use infrared light as light source
cannot be used a s limit switches.
come in a wide variety of mounting styles
work in direct sunlight
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: come in a wide variety of mounting styles

Q. A drum timer is a good example of:
an input sensor
an output actuator
None of the above
a position sensor
a sequence controller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a sequence controller

Q. Straight-line operations:
None of the above
All of the above
must be limited to two per workpiece
must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system
can include diagonal cuts if they aren't curved

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system

Q. Localizing an object in an image and selectively analyzing the object in a series of redundant layers is referred to as the:
Gaussian pyramid
Turing test
None of the above
pyramid
Maxwell pyramid

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gaussian pyramid

Q. A common way to take x, y coordinates off a drawing is to use a
Tablet
None of the above
Direct view storage tube (DVST)
digitiser
light pen

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: digitiser

Q. Operator interaction directly with the CRT is accomplished via:
None of the above
a stylus
vector scanning
a touch terminal
a digitizing tablet

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a touch terminal

Q. Which part of the system allows the user to interact with the compiler? (a) Memory
Translator
Interpreter
None of the above
None of the above
Communications processor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A discrete parts process is:
None of the above
normally a repetitive series of operations
often encountered in manufacturing
(b) and (c)
the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used

Q. Which document sums up the general provisions of purchase, terms and agreement, warranties, and maintenance?
The project evaluation
The contract
The purchasing report
None of the above
The financial report.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The contract

Q. The chosen language for the Japanese Fifth-Generation Compu-ter Project is:
None of the above
LISP
COBOL
FORTRAN
PROLOG

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: PROLOG

Q. Which technique enables the designer to mold and shape, rather than construct on object using a series of lines?
None of the above
FEM (Finite Element Modeling)
Surface modeling
Solid modeling
Wire-frame modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid modeling

Q. The parallel register:
is erased after a word is read fromit
can store a multiple bit binary number
uses R-S flip-flops
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can store a multiple bit binary number

Q. The refresh-vector CRT uses which of the following techniques?
Makes changes on the image by increasing the anode voltage.
The beam constantly travels across the screen to turn on/off a series of pixels.
None of the above
Uses an electron gun to continuously flood the surface of the tube.
Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.

Q. Which method uses the design analysis as a method for effecting the design?
The direct method
The design selection method
All of the above
The iterative design method
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The direct method

Q. Digital signals:
None of the above
can have three possible levels
have a sinusoidal shape.
have a frequency measured in units of hertz
are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level

Q. The name given to the test that determines whether a machine can think is the:
Turing test
McCarthy test
Gaussian test
None of the above
Boolean test

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Turing test

Q. A display of a volume model that shows all of its edges is called a:
None of the above
solid model
3-D model
surface model
wire-frame

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: wire-frame

Q. The insect type robot Attila is a more competent version of the robot Genghis an weights 1.7 kg. What is the number of microprocessors carried by its body?
10
15
18
33
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10

Q. One of the following is not considered a method of input control in a CAD system.
Programmable function box
Joystick
Plotter
None of the above
Touch terminal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and:
resolution
buffer size
vertical dimension
intelligence
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: resolution

Q. If the transient response of a system is overdamped:
All of the above
None of the above
the value of the output never stabilizes.
the value of the output exceeds the value of the input at times during the transient period.
the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.

Q. The program execution time:
will vary depending on the language used
None of the above
cannot be changed once the program is written
All of the above
must be slower than the fastest mechanical operation that is to be controlled

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will vary depending on the language used

Q. A programmable controller:
is easier to troubleshoot than standard relay logic
both (a) and (b)
All of the above
allows faster machine checkout
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What was the name of the Japanese worker who was killed by an industrial robot at the Akashi plant of Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan?
Harun Shimada
None of the above
K. Miceni
Kenji Urada
M. Shubhagya

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Kenji Urada

Q. A thermistor:
is a pressure sensing device
measures temperature
All of the above
None of the above
has a voltage output

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures temperature

Q. A typical NC system has which of the following components?
None of the above
Machine tool
All of the above
Controller
Tape input

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Timing using a TM990 micro-computer:
require an external timer added by the user
can be handled in software
both (b) and (c)
is available on the standard CPU board
None of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. If the period of a sine wave is 0.001 second, the frequency of the sine wave is:
None of the above
1,000 Hz
10,000 Hz
0.001 Hz
10 Hz

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1,000 Hz

Q. VLSI (very large scale integrated circuits) logic:
will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment
None of the above
All of the above
means more costly electronic products in the future
will not be available in this decade

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment

Q. A semi-continuous operation means:
the operation is continuous each shift, but stops between shifts
None of the above
a computer is a required part of the machine
each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.
coffee breaks are allowed for the operator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.

Q. Time proportioning control:
None of the above
cannot use a TM990 micro
can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller
is less efficient than normal PID control
a and b above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller

Q. A process controller:
All of the above
can interface to digital and analog I/O
is useful in a continuous process control application
None of the above
can solve a PID process control equation easily

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is not critical in PC CAD software?
Drawing/editing
Layering
Damping
Crosshatching
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Damping

Q. An up/down counter used in a TI510PC has three inputs. Which of the following is not one of them?
Count out
Count up
Count down
Reset.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Count out

Q. The "walk-through" method of programming a robot involves:
physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat
moving the robot from one location to another
None of the above
walking through your suggested procedure with your supervisor prior to programming
All of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat

Q. Group technology brings together and organizes:
None of the above
common parts, problems, and tasks
automation and tool production
parts and simulation analysis
documentation and analysis

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: common parts, problems, and tasks

Q. Robots can increase productivity because:
production quality is uniform
they do not get tired
None of the above
they do not take a vacation
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In the PROLOG language system, facts are manipulated by:
simulations
None of the above
memory
rules
algorithms

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: rules

Q. The general type of process found in industry is:
None of the above
batch
continuous
All of the above
discrete parts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Three different aspects of colour are used to define specific colours. They are hue, saturation, and:
shading
metamer
gray scale
None of the above
value

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: value

Q. For a type 2 system, the steady-state:
None of the above
error for a velocity input is always zero
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
All of the above
error for a step input is always zero

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In pen plotters, "resolution" refers to the shortest possible line, but in electrostatic plotters it refers to:
dual-axis tracking
the number of dots per inch
how accurately the plotter returns to a specific point
the speed per inch
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of dots per inch

Q. Most continuous control actuators:
None of the above
are used with standard continuous control loop
(b) and (c) above
use a 4 to 20 mA current loop input
are of the time proportioning type

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (b) and (c) above

Q. CAD/CAM is the inter-relationship between:
None of the above
engineering and manufacturing
marketing and design
manufacturing and marketing
engineering and marketing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: engineering and manufacturing

Q. Relay ladder logic is used in a PC because:
it is the best industrial control language ever developed.
most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use
All of the above
it is impossible to write a control program for a machine in any other logic
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use

Q. The program counter:
decides which program to run
contains the address of the next instruction to be executed
counts the number of instructions that have been executed
is where arithmetic is done in a computer.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: contains the address of the next instruction to be executed

Q. Today's engineers feel that the ultimate solution to the CAD/CAM problem will be
None of the above
development of a more efficient display controller
the microprocessor
Animation
turnkey systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the microprocessor

Q. The reliability life cycle of a product:
has three distinct rates of failure
None of the above
stays constant with environmental conditions
All of the above
cannot be predicted

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has three distinct rates of failure

Q. The method of solid modeling that defines the topology of faces, edges, and vertics, as well as data that defines the surface in which each face lies is called:
isometric
None of the above
layering
boundary representation
constructive solid geometry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: boundary representation

Q. Which device does the general population associate most with automation?
None of the above
Robots
Numerical control machine
Computer graphics workstation
Flexible manufacturing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which industry is the leading user of robots?
Chemical industry
None of the above
Electronic industry
Shipping industry
Automobile industry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Automobile industry

Q. Which of the following method is used the results of a design analysis as a base for redesign decisions?
The design selection method
None of the above
The direct method
All of the above
The iterative design method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. Which of the following are kinds of instructions?
None of the above
All of the above
Input
Conditional branching
Arithmetic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A sequence controller:
performs on/off control functions in relation to time.
None of the above
is no longer in widespread use
is a mechanical only controller
is difficult to program

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: performs on/off control functions in relation to time.

Q. What is required to enable the PC to emulate a graphics terminal?
A graphics board
A color monitor
None of the above
Software
A laser printer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Software

Q. Which CAD display configurability allows work without any host support?
Low intelligence
One with no secondary storage capacity.
None of the above
Medium intelligence
Highly intelligent

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Highly intelligent

Q. The formula for memory capacity is:
MC = N/2
MC -2 to the Nth power
None of the above
MC = 2/N
MC = N squared.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MC -2 to the Nth power

Q. The accuracy of a pick-and-place robot can be as good as:
+ 0.0005 inches
3%
+ 0.05 inches
None of the above
0.008 inches

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: + 0.0005 inches

Q. A disadvantage of Numerical Control (NC) is:
the tape and tape reader are not reliable
the computer is not reliable
the machine tool can easily overheat
None of the above
one operator is needed for each machine.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the tape and tape reader are not reliable

Q. Four basic elements are required for an automated machine tool or production process. They are: input interface, memory, output interface and:
NC tape programming
software
logic
None of the above
computer graphics workstation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: logic

Q. Digitizers can be converted from "dumb" to "smart" through the addition of:
keyboard
None of the above
an electromagnetic coupling
a scanner
a microprocessor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a microprocessor

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