Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Automation System MCQS Questions
Q. What key hardware item ties a CAD/ CAM system together?
None of the above
Mouse
Graphics workstation
Plotter
Digitizer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Graphics workstation

Q. The steady-state error is:
None of the above
independent of the type of input
zero for all inputs to type 1 systems
a function of the transient response
decreased by increasing gain.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: decreased by increasing gain.

Q. A pick-and-place manipulator is:
primarily used for large parts handling
the most flexible of all robots
capable of point-to-point operation
None of the above
an intelligent robot

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capable of point-to-point operation

Q. Numerical control:
is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions
All of the above
applies only to milling machines
None of the above
is a method for producing an exact number of parts per hour

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions

Q. The use of specialized workstations:
reduces the host computer workload and allows more users
provides limited growth potentials for 3-D
None of the above
has a high cost-performance tradeoff
reduces the host computer workload

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: reduces the host computer workload and allows more users

Q. The three key elements for a graphics workstation include the host processor, display controller, and:
None of the above
digitizer
keyboard
mouse
CRT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CRT

Q. What two disciplines are usually tied by a common data base?
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
Testing and analysis
None of the above
Documentation and geometric modeling
Drafting and documentation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing

Q. The robot:
is very primitive at the present
All of the above
None of the above
represents the most powerful new industrial automation tool currently on the horizon
will be more useful when robot vision is improved significantly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Flood guns bombard the phosphor surface of the tube in which one of the following types of CRT technology?
Stroke CRT
Raster scan CRT
None of the above
Direct view storage tube
Refresh-vector CRT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Direct view storage tube

Q. The speed at which the monitor accepts data is called:
response time
bandwidth
interlacing
scanning
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: bandwidth

Q. Flexible manufacturing allows for:
tool design and tool production
automated design
quick and inexpensive product changes
factory management
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: quick and inexpensive product changes

Q. If the transient response is under damped:
None of the above
the value of the output will exceed the value of the input at times during the transient period
both a and b
the present overshoot is zero
steady-state will be reached faster than if the system is overdamped

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both a and b

Q. Which item best describes a CAM technology?
Numerical control
None of the above
Documentation
Geometric modeling
Drafting

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Numerical control

Q. One of the major benefits of using CAD in tool design is that:
it simplifies the trial-and-error method
None of the above
there is better coordination in the materials-handling area
product design represents approximately one-half the engineering costs
tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object

Q. The rectangular boundary around a specific area on the display is called
a conic section
None of the above
a view point
a window
a view plane

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a window

Q. Today, programmable controllers:
are more powerful then the first controllers on the market
can be cost effective even when replacing just a few relays
All of the above
None of the above
are relatively low cost compared with the original digital equipment available for industrial control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the plotters listed below eliminates media size limitations?
Flatbed
None of the above
Electrostatic
Drum
Pinch roller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum

Q. What is the process lag?
All of the above
The lag in the error signal when the setpoint is changed.
None of the above
The time it takes for the sensor to respond to a changed.
The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.

Q. The user communicates directly with the computer through its peripheral devices is known as
None of the above
Remote-terminal processing
Intelligent terminal Processing
Batch mode processing
On-line processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: On-line processing

Q. Which of these controller types is the most accurate?
Proportional
Three mode
Proportional plus derivative
Proportional plus integral
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Three mode

Q. Over the last ten years, productivity has risen most rapidly in:
None of the above
France
Italy
United States
Japan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Japan

Q. Which part of the system performs the "housekeeping" chores?
interpreter
compiler
operating system
translator
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: operating system

Q. Most current PC CAD systems are used for producing:
finite element analysis
solids modeling
2-D drawings
None of the above
circuit simulation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 2-D drawings

Q. The addition of _____ can reduce processing time.
An EPROM
A buffer
A co-processor
None of the above
A converter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A co-processor

Q. Programmable controllers:
cannot perform functions other than relay logic
(a) and (c) above
None of the above
are programmed using relay ladder logic
are widely used in many different industries

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. What should be first considered in choosing a plotter?
The hardware you currently own
The type of data you will input
The application for which it will be used
The cost
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The application for which it will be used

Q. How is the integral mode implemented using analog methods?
Op amp and resistors
Op amp and a capacitor
All of the above
None of the above
Op amp and an RC network to place the error voltage across the capacitor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Op amp and a capacitor

Q. The processing, which normally consists of a small computer with one or more peripheral devices, connected via a high-speed line to the large control computer is known as
Remote-terminal processing
None of the above
On-line processing
Intelligent terminal Processing
Batch mode processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Intelligent terminal Processing

Q. Vision sensors:
None of the above
will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye
All of the above
will remain very costly
can not improve much in the next decade

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye

Q. Pressure sensors:
use capacitive variations to sense pressure
All of the above
use an aneroid chamber with a variable resistance output
use the piezoresistive effect in strain gauge sensors
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A LISP environment consists of a language, a programming environ-ment, and:
None of the above
a set of functions
a large address
a processor
random-access storage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of functions

Q. The difference between CAD and CAM is that CAD software is directed at product design while CAM software is:
concerned with management programs
designed for communications
specifically for PC-board design
concerned with production and control of tool design
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: concerned with production and control of tool design

Q. Which of the following is required for a plotter to perform specific commands?
Driver
Firmware
Hardware
None of the above
Software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Driver

Q. The main activity(ies) of Designer in CAD is/are:
All of the above
Organisation of design information
None of the above
Control of the design process in information distribution.
Application of creativity, ingenuity, and experience.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Microcomputer-based control sys-tems
will just keep their present capability
All of the above
will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.
will tend to increase in cost.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.

Q. The basic difference between broadband and baseband is:
transmission
None of the above
availability
capacity
reliability

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capacity

Q. Having compatibility and commonality in and between vendors' equipment is called:
networking
standardization
None of the above
integration
registration

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: standardization

Q. The Ziegler-Nichols method:
is a method of control
is a graphical solution method
can be used to determine gain factors of a PI loop
None of the above
a and b above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a and b above

Q. The two major categories of software are: application software and
UNIX software
high-level languages
CAD software
None of the above
system software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: system software

Q. High-level languages:
None of the above
are "procedure-oriented"
cannot be used with automatic systems.
require knowledge of the computer design
are very difficult to use

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are "procedure-oriented"

Q. A Hall effect switch is usually used to:
None of the above
measure voltage
sense a vacuum
measure temperature
sense the presence of a magnetic object.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sense the presence of a magnetic object.

Q. Robots consist of three basic components; power supply, control (memory) console, and:
None of the above
mechanical unit (arm)
coaxial cable
microcomputer
software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: mechanical unit (arm)

Q. The device that assembles groups of characters into complete messages prior to their entering the CPU is called:
a compiler
a communications processor
None of the above
an editor
an interpreter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a communications processor

Q. What two methods are available to build electronic continuous control?
All of the above
Analog and mechanical
Analog and digital
Pneumatic and analog
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Analog and digital

Q. A servo controlled robot:
None of the above
stop only at fixed points on each axis
can accelerate
must be hydraulically driven
must be electrically driven

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can accelerate

Q. Which of the following is considered a high-level language?
All of the above
Assembly language
None of the above
Machine language
FORTRAN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: FORTRAN

Q. A technique for displaying applications where complex 3-D geometric are required for the exteror shall of a product is called:
None of the above
solid modeling
surface modeling
3-D modeling
2-D modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: surface modeling

Q. Sensors:
are easily developed
None of the above
will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future
probably will not improve over the next decade
are not important in automation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future

Q. The output of a thermocouple is:
a capacitance
a resistance
a voltage
None of the above
a current

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a voltage

Q. CAE and CAM are linked through:
NC tape programming and automated design
assembly automation and tool production.
parts production and testing
a common data base and communications system
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a common data base and communications system

Q. The power source that drives the manipulator can be:
hydraulic
electric
pneumatic
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A flexible manufacturing system may be:
an automated assembly line
very difficult to change when new products are introduced
expensive to alter
All of the above.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an automated assembly line

Q. A venturi tube:
None of the above
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates
is made only of metal
measures the presence of a liquid
is extremely difficult to use

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates

Q. The linking of PCs with a communi-cations system is referred to as:
networking
streaming
None of the above
turnkey systems
workstations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: networking

Q. An assembly language instruction:
does not require knowledge of the computer design
All of the above
is written in ones and zeros
corresponds to one computer operation
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: corresponds to one computer operation

Q. Historically, central systems were used because:
All of the above
None of the above
memory consumed a large amount of power
semiconductor memory was not available
memory was very expensive

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. When a computer fetches an instruction, the binary code representing the instruction appears on the:
None of the above
memory data bus
input data bus
I/O address bus
output data bus

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: memory data bus

Q. Flat panel displays are based on what type of technology?
Solid state
None of the above
Very large-scale integration (VLSI)
Direct view storage tube
RGB monitor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid state

Q. The heart of automation technology is.
control
None of the above
robots
computers
sensors

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: computers

Q. Which of the following elements can be used with a TI510 FC?
Flashing light
None of the above
Cymbal timer
Drum timer
Metronome

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum timer

Q. An encoder:
converts a binary number to a decimal number.
can have only four keys
converts an input to a binary number
None of the above
is used to send telegraph signals

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: converts an input to a binary number

Q. How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller?
None of the above
the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller
All of the above
the digital controller cannot handle integral mode
the error is divided into discrete amounts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller

Q. Which of the following editor(s) is(are) incorporated into general CAD system?
Macro and symbol Editor
None of the above
Point Editor
All of the above
Line Editor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A solenoid:
can be used only in de circuits
is spring operated
None of the above
is widely used in industrial automation
is related to an aneroid

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is widely used in industrial automation

Q. Using a microcomputer as a controller allows:
faster cycle time
simpler mechanical hardware
None of the above
All of the above
more self diagnostics of the machine operation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Programming languages currently available for robots:
require training
may be point-to-point languages
may allow primitive motion
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following represents a conditional branching instruction?
GOTO 50
None of the above
BGT LOOPS
X = 5 + Y
JMP MOTOR

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BGT LOOPS

Q. The two types of relays in a PC are:
an output relay and a control relay
a retentive relay and a non-retentive relay
All of the above
a control relay and a retentive relay
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an output relay and a control relay

Q. A stepping motor;
can index positional movement.
is a good choice where continuous rotation is needed
None of the above
has a commutator
has a speed proportional to voltage input

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can index positional movement.

Q. Automation normally means:
All of the above
None of the above
a net increase in jobs.
a net loss of jobs.
no change in jobs.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a net increase in jobs.

Q. The physical arrangement of equipment in a network is called:
queuing
pairing
topology
None of the above
logic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: topology

Q. When was the first successful industrial robot installed in the General Motors Plant in USA?
None of the above
1967
1963
1961
1960

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1961

Q. Many things can be done to minimize downtime loss. Identify two of them.
establish a user forum program
provide an extra workstation
both b and c
stock critical spare parts
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both b and c

Q. The electronic component that has been the key to recent developments in automation is the:
integrated circuit
None of the above
improved vacuum tube
diode
transistor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: integrated circuit

Q. Two of the major processing languages are PROLOG and:
LISP
COBOL
None of the above
BASIC
Pascal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: LISP

Q. Which type of digitizer measures a wave traveling at the speed of sound?
Sonic
Digitizing sr amer
Caparitive
Electrostatic
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sonic

Q. The three different types of pen plotter technology are flatbed, drum, and:
electrostatic
thermal
impact
None of the above
pinch roller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: pinch roller

Q. An operating system:
provides ability for other programmers to understand the software structure
is useless in most control applications
All of the above
None of the above
can help reduce software development time

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can help reduce software development time

Q. Stepping motors:
All of the above
do not require commutators
can run both clockwise and counterclockwise
can run at varying speeds
can be built to index different amounts by changing the pole configuration

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Who made the statement "if a robot can do a job, a person should not be doing it"?
Prof. Meredith Turing, London University
Prof. F. A. Fisher of Britain
Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California
John Smith, USA
None ,of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California

Q. The axis of movement of a robot may include:
Wrist rotation
None of the above
All of the above
elbow rotation
X-Y coordinate motion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is often used as an alternative to the light pen or in association with storage tube displays?
Mouse
Digitiser
None of the above
Tablet
Track ball

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Tablet

Q. The first industrial robot for commercial uses was installed in a Japanese plant at Toyota Automatic Loom Company, the parent company of the Toyota Automobile Group. When did this robot go into operation?
None of the above
Dec-67
Jun-65
Apr-70
Nov-66

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dec-67

Q. Which of the following symbol modes are used to input of graphics to General CAD system?
None of the above
Live and Rectangle mode
Arc and Circle mode
Dimension and Alphanumeric mode
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The rate at which scanning is repeated is called the:
None of the above
stroke rate
bandwidth
refresh rate
resolution

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: refresh rate

Q. A way to transfer programs to a central system is:
to develop the program on the actual system only
to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system
None of the above
All of the above
by setting bit switches on the central CPU

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system

Q. The "end-effector" of a robot:
is the robot "hand"
can be an actual tool
may have a gripping action
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The difference between a high-technology and a medium-technology robot is the:
None of the above
speed of movement
range of motion of the robot
accuracy of the robot
complexity of the task it can perform.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: complexity of the task it can perform.

Q. What Is a process variable?
None of the above
A process parameter that changes value
All of the above
A controlled variable
A manipulated variable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A continuous process is:
one that never shuts down
used only for simple tasks
used only with analog controllers.
self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.

Q. An operational amplifier:
None of the above
can be used to sum two or more signals
uses the principle of feedback
All of the above
can be used to subtract two or more signals

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The computer graphics system called SKETCHPAD was demonstrated at
Imperial college of Science and Technology, London, 1973
Cranfield Institute of Technology, London, 1962
None of the above
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963
University of Aston, Birmingham, 1960

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963

Q. The new industrial revolution has been caused by:
the Vietnam War
social unrest
demand for higher wages
None of the above
advances in electronics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: advances in electronics

Q. In the instruction, 500 SUBA # 50 the command field is:
# 50000
500
None of the above
SUBA
(b) and (c)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SUBA

Q. The APT (automatically progra-mmed tools) language is used with:
large automation systems
drafting systems
programmable controllers
numerical controlled machines.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: numerical controlled machines.

Q. A proportional plus integral contro-ller can:
can compensate for lag
can increase the system type
both (b) and (c)
has no transient response
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. For a type 1 system, the steady-state:
(a) and (c)
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
error for a velocity input is always zero
error for a step input is always zero
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Which of the methods below can be used to tell a robot what it is to do?
Walk-through
(a) and (c)
Set mechanical stops
Software program
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Semiconductor devices:
have a very short infant mortality period
are less reliable than electro
None of the above
usually have a very short MTBF (mean time between failure)
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: have a very short infant mortality period

Q. What prevents a robotic instrument from running into other objects?
memory
None of the above
sensory devices
functional manipulators
negative image

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sensory devices

Q. Which of the following devices would be classified as a robot by the Robot Institute of America?
Artificial hand
Pick-and-place manipulator
Automobile
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Pick-and-place manipulator

Q. In general, American buyers will purchase goods:
without regard to country of manufacturer.
None of the above
(a) and (c)
that offer the best quality for the least money.
that are made in America, even at higher costs.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The ideal solution is to have a system coordinator who will interface with the engineering and manufacturing managers, as well as the:
finance manager
MIS manager
None of the above
marketing manager
president

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MIS manager

Q. Most industrial control applications:
can be done more reliably using solid-state methods
None of the above
All of the above
can be solved using more than one method of control
must have the process specified correctly to be successful

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In raster-scan colour monitors, colour can be intensified by:
having each electron gun controlled by separate signal
None of the above
grouping the phosphor dots in a circular pattern
using an in-line gun arrangement with a solid metal mesh
having each electron gun controlled by a composite signal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: having each electron gun controlled by separate signal

Q. Compared to humans, machines:
can work in harsher environments
(a) and (c)
None of the above
can make more complex decisions based on unexpected circumstances
make fewer errors

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. A microprocessor:
executes a program of instructions
(a) and (c)
None of the above
is another name for a computer
is a CPU in integrated circuit form

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Several objectives are required to achieve a successful data base management program. These are availability of data, quality of data, and
None of the above
compatibility of data
transmission of data
desirability of data
up-to-date data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: up-to-date data

Q. When one must sell a project to management, the most important document he or she can produce is a:
None of the above
procedure for purchase
project evaluation
summary of the problem
method for financing the project

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: project evaluation

Q. FORTRAN is:
a medium-level language
None of the above
machine dependent
All of the above
a mathematically oriented language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a mathematically oriented language

Q. When of the following produces the best quality graphics reproduction?
Dot metric printers
Laser printers
Plotters
Ink jet printers
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotters

Q. What kind of capability is required if one plans to interface with a plotter or printer?
A co-processor
RGB monitor
A graphics board
A graphics cable
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A graphics board

Q. Actuators are used to:
None of the above
make a mechanical movement
All of the above
activate a chemical
sense an object

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: make a mechanical movement

Q. An aneroid barometer
can measure only atmospheric pressure
measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.
is very unreliable
None of the above
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.

Q. Use of modern control technology in automation systems:
reduces costs
All of the above
improves reliability
None of the above
increases yield

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Computer-based controllers:
are very difficult to change
None of the above
should be built in a modular fashion wherever possible
are very flexible
(a) and (c) above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. The hardware device Jhat acts as both a switching and connecting unit is called a(n):
communications processor
concentrator
None of the above
RS-232C port
multiplexer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: multiplexer

Q. The workspace required for a robot:
must be enclosed by a fence
is less than that of a human performing the same task
depends upon the robot used
is not dependent on the application.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: depends upon the robot used

Q. In the operation of a programmable controller:
None of the above
All of the above
any latched data must be done using an external latching relay
mathematics cannot be performed
all of the logic status is maintained in memory

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the logic status is maintained in memory

Q. Software is:
None of the above
a programming language
tape input.
a set of instructions
printer output

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of instructions

Q. A set of well-defined procedures based on mathematical and geometric formulas for solving a problem in a finite number of steps is called:
arithmetic logic
a permutation
an algorithm
a geometric model
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an algorithm

Q. The coordinate system used to describe a workpiece:
None of the above
is always two-dimensional
is defined with respect to a point on the machine
changes from part to part
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is defined with respect to a point on the machine

Q. Who are called steel collar workers?
Factory workers
None of the above
Office clerks
Robots
Steel factory workers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which of the following may be classified as an automation system?
None of the above
numerically controlled machine tools
All of the above
automated warehouses
robotics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A microprocessor is:
an integrated circuit
None of the above
relatively inexpensive
controlled by a program
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A program language:
All of the above
defines the form of the instruction
None of the above
is never machine dependent
is always machine dependent

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: defines the form of the instruction

Q. Trend analysis:
is used only in financial planning
requires a very expensive system to implement
can improve control system response
is a brand new concept
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can improve control system response

Q. The raster CRT eliminates:
has no effect
slow update only
flicker only
flicker and slow update
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: flicker and slow update

Q. The concept of a general CAD system was that it should provide:
None of the above
All of the above
A set of basic system functions and utilities.
A system for the operation of applications programming.
A system for handling user actions.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. If the present value in a timer in the TI510 is 8, how many milliseconds is required from the time the timer is started until the output is enabled?
149.88
133.36
1275.41
18
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 133.36

Q. Which of the following is a graphical input device?
None of the above
light pen
Track ball
keyboard
mouse

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: light pen

Q. Productivity is defined as:
cost per unit
cost per day
output per man-hour of labour
number of items manufactured per day
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: output per man-hour of labour

Q. The lowest form of computer language is called:
machine language
FORTRAN
None of the above
BASIC
COBOL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: machine language

Q. The term used to represent the recycling of unused memory is:
direct memory access
garbage collection
diagnostic routine
memory dump
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: garbage collection

Q. The SKETCHPAD system
All of the above
is used for interactive Graphics
consisted of an cathode-ray oscilloscope driven by a Lincoln Tx2 computer where by graphical information was displayed on the screen.
None of the above
is expensive because it is sophisticated and make demands on the power and resources of the computer.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In order to combat foreign competition, U.S. companies are:
ignoring the situation
automating
None of the above
seeking import tariffs
decreasing the salaries

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: automating

Q. A dc servo motor:
uses a tachometer for speed feedback
uses a variable dc voltage for speed control
can provide precise position control
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. For a type 0 system, the steady-state:
(a) and (c)
None of the above
error for a velocity input is always zero
error for a step input is always zero
input for acceleration input is always non-zero

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: input for acceleration input is always non-zero

Q. Speech recognition:
will be used in more applications as the technology matures.
is already widely used in industrial controls
None of the above
All of the above
will never be used in industrial controls

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be used in more applications as the technology matures.

Q. What is the difference between integral and derivative control?
derivative control does not eliminate offset error
None of the above
All of the above
derivative control responds to a change in the rate of change in the error signal
integral control has slower response to an error signal.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is a graphical output device?
Laser Printer
Dot-matrix Printer
None of the above
Line Printer
Plotter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Resolution in a CRT refers to:
None of the above
the number of phosphor dots that react when hit by the electron beam
the speed at which the monitor can accept data from the computer
the number of addressable elements on the tube
the number of pixels in each square centimeter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of addressable elements on the tube

Q. Which of the following devices could be part of a sensor?
relay
None of the above
thermometer
brake
clutch.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: thermometer

Q. A favourable reason for automation is to:
None of the above
increase number of operations
raises assembly cost
perform difficult operations
decrease throughput

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: perform difficult operations

Q. Direct Numerical Control means:
None of the above
eliminating computers from the manufacturing process
complete elimination of a need for a human operator.
using several computers to control one large machine
using one computer to control several machines

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: using one computer to control several machines

Q. One advantage of a PC in industrial control is that it:
is unreliable because there are no moving parts
None of the above
All of the above
is very difficult for the inexperienced programmer to understand
has a reliable long life compared to relay logic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a reliable long life compared to relay logic

Q. Which of the following is a machine language instruction?
None of the above
ADD 5
All of the above
10001101
GOTO XOUT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10001101

Q. A flip-flop:
is a sequential logic device
is a combinational logic device
None of the above
(a) and (c)
remembers what was previously stored in it

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The general CAD system was development by considering a wide range of possible uses of such a system.
All of the above
Mechanical engineering design
None of the above
Structural engineering design and Electronic circuit design
Animation and graphic design

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. There are several procedures you can implement to provide maximum security. The most important of these is:
do not leave training manuals unsecured
None of the above
do not allow unbonded service people to work on your equipment
run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)
Verify the reputation of the people installing your system

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)

Q. Which method is frequently used, especially in the early stages of design?
The direct method
None of the above
The iterative design method
All of the above
The design selection method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. The greatest change as a result of CAD/CAM is taking place in which industry?
None of the above
Medical
Electronics
Aerospace
Cartography

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Electronics

Q. The main function(s) of computer in CAD is/are
To relieve the designer from routine repetitious tasks.
To enhance the analytical and logical power of the designer
None of the above
All of the above
To serve as an extension to the memory of the designer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A common data base is one requisite for converting CAD and CAM to CIM. Another is that:
technical assistance must be provided to the user.
the system must make provision for new techniques.
the user must have access to both hardware and software
there should be a common 3-D part description system.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: there should be a common 3-D part description system.

Q. Light sensors:
work in direct sunlight
cannot be used a s limit switches.
never use infrared light as light source
come in a wide variety of mounting styles
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: come in a wide variety of mounting styles

Q. A drum timer is a good example of:
a position sensor
an input sensor
None of the above
a sequence controller
an output actuator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a sequence controller

Q. Straight-line operations:
All of the above
None of the above
must be limited to two per workpiece
can include diagonal cuts if they aren't curved
must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system

Q. Localizing an object in an image and selectively analyzing the object in a series of redundant layers is referred to as the:
Turing test
Maxwell pyramid
None of the above
Gaussian pyramid
pyramid

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gaussian pyramid

Q. A common way to take x, y coordinates off a drawing is to use a
None of the above
light pen
digitiser
Direct view storage tube (DVST)
Tablet

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: digitiser

Q. Operator interaction directly with the CRT is accomplished via:
a touch terminal
a stylus
vector scanning
None of the above
a digitizing tablet

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a touch terminal

Q. Which part of the system allows the user to interact with the compiler? (a) Memory
None of the above
Communications processor
Translator
Interpreter
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A discrete parts process is:
the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used
normally a repetitive series of operations
(b) and (c)
often encountered in manufacturing
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used

Q. Which document sums up the general provisions of purchase, terms and agreement, warranties, and maintenance?
The project evaluation
The purchasing report
The financial report.
The contract
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The contract

Q. The chosen language for the Japanese Fifth-Generation Compu-ter Project is:
None of the above
LISP
FORTRAN
COBOL
PROLOG

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: PROLOG

Q. Which technique enables the designer to mold and shape, rather than construct on object using a series of lines?
Solid modeling
FEM (Finite Element Modeling)
Surface modeling
Wire-frame modeling
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid modeling

Q. The parallel register:
can store a multiple bit binary number
is erased after a word is read fromit
uses R-S flip-flops
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can store a multiple bit binary number

Q. The refresh-vector CRT uses which of the following techniques?
The beam constantly travels across the screen to turn on/off a series of pixels.
Uses an electron gun to continuously flood the surface of the tube.
Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.
Makes changes on the image by increasing the anode voltage.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.

Q. Which method uses the design analysis as a method for effecting the design?
The design selection method
None of the above
The iterative design method
The direct method
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The direct method

Q. Digital signals:
are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level
can have three possible levels
None of the above
have a sinusoidal shape.
have a frequency measured in units of hertz

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level

Q. The name given to the test that determines whether a machine can think is the:
Boolean test
McCarthy test
Turing test
Gaussian test
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Turing test

Q. A display of a volume model that shows all of its edges is called a:
3-D model
surface model
None of the above
wire-frame
solid model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: wire-frame

Q. The insect type robot Attila is a more competent version of the robot Genghis an weights 1.7 kg. What is the number of microprocessors carried by its body?
None of the above
15
33
10
18

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10

Q. One of the following is not considered a method of input control in a CAD system.
Touch terminal
Plotter
Joystick
Programmable function box
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and:
buffer size
None of the above
vertical dimension
resolution
intelligence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: resolution

Q. If the transient response of a system is overdamped:
None of the above
the value of the output never stabilizes.
the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.
the value of the output exceeds the value of the input at times during the transient period.
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.

Q. The program execution time:
None of the above
cannot be changed once the program is written
will vary depending on the language used
All of the above
must be slower than the fastest mechanical operation that is to be controlled

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will vary depending on the language used

Q. A programmable controller:
allows faster machine checkout
is easier to troubleshoot than standard relay logic
None of the above
both (a) and (b)
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What was the name of the Japanese worker who was killed by an industrial robot at the Akashi plant of Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan?
Kenji Urada
K. Miceni
M. Shubhagya
Harun Shimada
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Kenji Urada

Q. A thermistor:
has a voltage output
All of the above
measures temperature
is a pressure sensing device
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures temperature

Q. A typical NC system has which of the following components?
Controller
Machine tool
Tape input
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Timing using a TM990 micro-computer:
require an external timer added by the user
None of the above.
is available on the standard CPU board
both (b) and (c)
can be handled in software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. If the period of a sine wave is 0.001 second, the frequency of the sine wave is:
None of the above
0.001 Hz
10,000 Hz
10 Hz
1,000 Hz

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1,000 Hz

Q. VLSI (very large scale integrated circuits) logic:
All of the above
None of the above
will not be available in this decade
will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment
means more costly electronic products in the future

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment

Q. A semi-continuous operation means:
the operation is continuous each shift, but stops between shifts
coffee breaks are allowed for the operator
None of the above
a computer is a required part of the machine
each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.

Q. Time proportioning control:
cannot use a TM990 micro
a and b above.
can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller
is less efficient than normal PID control
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller

Q. A process controller:
is useful in a continuous process control application
can interface to digital and analog I/O
can solve a PID process control equation easily
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is not critical in PC CAD software?
Damping
None of the above
Crosshatching
Layering
Drawing/editing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Damping

Q. An up/down counter used in a TI510PC has three inputs. Which of the following is not one of them?
Count up
Count down
Count out
None of the above
Reset.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Count out

Q. The "walk-through" method of programming a robot involves:
None of the above
walking through your suggested procedure with your supervisor prior to programming
moving the robot from one location to another
All of the above.
physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat

Q. Group technology brings together and organizes:
automation and tool production
common parts, problems, and tasks
None of the above
parts and simulation analysis
documentation and analysis

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: common parts, problems, and tasks

Q. Robots can increase productivity because:
production quality is uniform
they do not get tired
All of the above
None of the above
they do not take a vacation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In the PROLOG language system, facts are manipulated by:
memory
None of the above
rules
algorithms
simulations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: rules

Q. The general type of process found in industry is:
batch
All of the above
continuous
discrete parts
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Three different aspects of colour are used to define specific colours. They are hue, saturation, and:
shading
gray scale
value
None of the above
metamer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: value

Q. For a type 2 system, the steady-state:
error for a velocity input is always zero
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
error for a step input is always zero
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In pen plotters, "resolution" refers to the shortest possible line, but in electrostatic plotters it refers to:
the number of dots per inch
how accurately the plotter returns to a specific point
None of the above
dual-axis tracking
the speed per inch

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of dots per inch

Q. Most continuous control actuators:
are of the time proportioning type
are used with standard continuous control loop
use a 4 to 20 mA current loop input
(b) and (c) above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (b) and (c) above

Q. CAD/CAM is the inter-relationship between:
engineering and marketing
None of the above
manufacturing and marketing
marketing and design
engineering and manufacturing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: engineering and manufacturing

Q. Relay ladder logic is used in a PC because:
None of the above
it is the best industrial control language ever developed.
most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use
All of the above
it is impossible to write a control program for a machine in any other logic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use

Q. The program counter:
is where arithmetic is done in a computer.
contains the address of the next instruction to be executed
counts the number of instructions that have been executed
None of the above
decides which program to run

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: contains the address of the next instruction to be executed

Q. Today's engineers feel that the ultimate solution to the CAD/CAM problem will be
turnkey systems
development of a more efficient display controller
None of the above
the microprocessor
Animation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the microprocessor

Q. The reliability life cycle of a product:
All of the above
cannot be predicted
None of the above
stays constant with environmental conditions
has three distinct rates of failure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has three distinct rates of failure

Q. The method of solid modeling that defines the topology of faces, edges, and vertics, as well as data that defines the surface in which each face lies is called:
isometric
constructive solid geometry
None of the above
layering
boundary representation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: boundary representation

Q. Which device does the general population associate most with automation?
Robots
Computer graphics workstation
Flexible manufacturing
Numerical control machine
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which industry is the leading user of robots?
Shipping industry
Chemical industry
None of the above
Automobile industry
Electronic industry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Automobile industry

Q. Which of the following method is used the results of a design analysis as a base for redesign decisions?
All of the above
The iterative design method
The design selection method
None of the above
The direct method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. Which of the following are kinds of instructions?
Input
All of the above
None of the above
Arithmetic
Conditional branching

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A sequence controller:
performs on/off control functions in relation to time.
is difficult to program
is no longer in widespread use
None of the above
is a mechanical only controller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: performs on/off control functions in relation to time.

Q. What is required to enable the PC to emulate a graphics terminal?
A laser printer
A color monitor
Software
None of the above
A graphics board

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Software

Q. Which CAD display configurability allows work without any host support?
Highly intelligent
Low intelligence
Medium intelligence
One with no secondary storage capacity.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Highly intelligent

Q. The formula for memory capacity is:
None of the above
MC -2 to the Nth power
MC = N squared.
MC = 2/N
MC = N/2

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MC -2 to the Nth power

Q. The accuracy of a pick-and-place robot can be as good as:
+ 0.05 inches
0.008 inches
None of the above
+ 0.0005 inches
3%

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: + 0.0005 inches

Q. A disadvantage of Numerical Control (NC) is:
the machine tool can easily overheat
the computer is not reliable
the tape and tape reader are not reliable
None of the above
one operator is needed for each machine.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the tape and tape reader are not reliable

Q. Four basic elements are required for an automated machine tool or production process. They are: input interface, memory, output interface and:
computer graphics workstation
logic
software
None of the above
NC tape programming

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: logic

Q. Digitizers can be converted from "dumb" to "smart" through the addition of:
a scanner
an electromagnetic coupling
keyboard
a microprocessor
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a microprocessor

```