Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Automation System MCQS Questions
Q. What key hardware item ties a CAD/ CAM system together?
Plotter
Graphics workstation
Digitizer
Mouse
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Graphics workstation

Q. The steady-state error is:
independent of the type of input
a function of the transient response
zero for all inputs to type 1 systems
decreased by increasing gain.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: decreased by increasing gain.

Q. A pick-and-place manipulator is:
primarily used for large parts handling
an intelligent robot
the most flexible of all robots
None of the above
capable of point-to-point operation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capable of point-to-point operation

Q. Numerical control:
is a method for producing an exact number of parts per hour
None of the above
All of the above
applies only to milling machines
is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions

Q. The use of specialized workstations:
has a high cost-performance tradeoff
None of the above
provides limited growth potentials for 3-D
reduces the host computer workload
reduces the host computer workload and allows more users

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: reduces the host computer workload and allows more users

Q. The three key elements for a graphics workstation include the host processor, display controller, and:
keyboard
mouse
None of the above
digitizer
CRT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CRT

Q. What two disciplines are usually tied by a common data base?
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
None of the above
Documentation and geometric modeling
Testing and analysis
Drafting and documentation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing

Q. The robot:
All of the above
is very primitive at the present
None of the above
will be more useful when robot vision is improved significantly
represents the most powerful new industrial automation tool currently on the horizon

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Flood guns bombard the phosphor surface of the tube in which one of the following types of CRT technology?
Refresh-vector CRT
Direct view storage tube
Raster scan CRT
None of the above
Stroke CRT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Direct view storage tube

Q. The speed at which the monitor accepts data is called:
None of the above
scanning
bandwidth
response time
interlacing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: bandwidth

Q. Flexible manufacturing allows for:
tool design and tool production
automated design
factory management
quick and inexpensive product changes
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: quick and inexpensive product changes

Q. If the transient response is under damped:
the value of the output will exceed the value of the input at times during the transient period
steady-state will be reached faster than if the system is overdamped
both a and b
None of the above
the present overshoot is zero

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both a and b

Q. Which item best describes a CAM technology?
None of the above
Documentation
Drafting
Geometric modeling
Numerical control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Numerical control

Q. One of the major benefits of using CAD in tool design is that:
None of the above
product design represents approximately one-half the engineering costs
tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object
there is better coordination in the materials-handling area
it simplifies the trial-and-error method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object

Q. The rectangular boundary around a specific area on the display is called
a conic section
a view point
a window
a view plane
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a window

Q. Today, programmable controllers:
can be cost effective even when replacing just a few relays
are relatively low cost compared with the original digital equipment available for industrial control
are more powerful then the first controllers on the market
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the plotters listed below eliminates media size limitations?
Drum
Flatbed
Pinch roller
Electrostatic
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum

Q. What is the process lag?
The lag in the error signal when the setpoint is changed.
The time it takes for the sensor to respond to a changed.
The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.

Q. The user communicates directly with the computer through its peripheral devices is known as
Intelligent terminal Processing
Remote-terminal processing
On-line processing
None of the above
Batch mode processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: On-line processing

Q. Which of these controller types is the most accurate?
None of the above
Proportional plus derivative
Three mode
Proportional
Proportional plus integral

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Three mode

Q. Over the last ten years, productivity has risen most rapidly in:
Italy
United States
Japan
France
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Japan

Q. Which part of the system performs the "housekeeping" chores?
None of the above
compiler
translator
operating system
interpreter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: operating system

Q. Most current PC CAD systems are used for producing:
2-D drawings
None of the above
solids modeling
finite element analysis
circuit simulation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 2-D drawings

Q. The addition of _____ can reduce processing time.
A co-processor
An EPROM
A converter
A buffer
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A co-processor

Q. Programmable controllers:
are programmed using relay ladder logic
cannot perform functions other than relay logic
are widely used in many different industries
(a) and (c) above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. What should be first considered in choosing a plotter?
The application for which it will be used
The hardware you currently own
The cost
None of the above
The type of data you will input

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The application for which it will be used

Q. How is the integral mode implemented using analog methods?
All of the above
Op amp and resistors
Op amp and an RC network to place the error voltage across the capacitor
None of the above
Op amp and a capacitor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Op amp and a capacitor

Q. The processing, which normally consists of a small computer with one or more peripheral devices, connected via a high-speed line to the large control computer is known as
Intelligent terminal Processing
On-line processing
Remote-terminal processing
None of the above
Batch mode processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Intelligent terminal Processing

Q. Vision sensors:
will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye
None of the above
All of the above
can not improve much in the next decade
will remain very costly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye

Q. Pressure sensors:
use the piezoresistive effect in strain gauge sensors
None of the above
All of the above
use an aneroid chamber with a variable resistance output
use capacitive variations to sense pressure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A LISP environment consists of a language, a programming environ-ment, and:
random-access storage
a large address
None of the above
a set of functions
a processor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of functions

Q. The difference between CAD and CAM is that CAD software is directed at product design while CAM software is:
None of the above
specifically for PC-board design
concerned with management programs
designed for communications
concerned with production and control of tool design

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: concerned with production and control of tool design

Q. Which of the following is required for a plotter to perform specific commands?
Hardware
None of the above
Firmware
Driver
Software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Driver

Q. The main activity(ies) of Designer in CAD is/are:
None of the above
Organisation of design information
Application of creativity, ingenuity, and experience.
All of the above
Control of the design process in information distribution.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Microcomputer-based control sys-tems
All of the above
will tend to increase in cost.
will just keep their present capability
None of the above
will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.

Q. The basic difference between broadband and baseband is:
capacity
transmission
reliability
availability
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capacity

Q. Having compatibility and commonality in and between vendors' equipment is called:
standardization
integration
registration
None of the above
networking

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: standardization

Q. The Ziegler-Nichols method:
None of the above
can be used to determine gain factors of a PI loop
a and b above
is a method of control
is a graphical solution method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a and b above

Q. The two major categories of software are: application software and
high-level languages
system software
CAD software
None of the above
UNIX software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: system software

Q. High-level languages:
are "procedure-oriented"
None of the above
require knowledge of the computer design
cannot be used with automatic systems.
are very difficult to use

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are "procedure-oriented"

Q. A Hall effect switch is usually used to:
None of the above
measure temperature
sense the presence of a magnetic object.
sense a vacuum
measure voltage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sense the presence of a magnetic object.

Q. Robots consist of three basic components; power supply, control (memory) console, and:
microcomputer
None of the above
mechanical unit (arm)
software
coaxial cable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: mechanical unit (arm)

Q. The device that assembles groups of characters into complete messages prior to their entering the CPU is called:
None of the above
a communications processor
a compiler
an interpreter
an editor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a communications processor

Q. What two methods are available to build electronic continuous control?
Pneumatic and analog
None of the above
Analog and mechanical
Analog and digital
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Analog and digital

Q. A servo controlled robot:
stop only at fixed points on each axis
must be hydraulically driven
must be electrically driven
None of the above
can accelerate

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can accelerate

Q. Which of the following is considered a high-level language?
None of the above
Assembly language
All of the above
Machine language
FORTRAN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: FORTRAN

Q. A technique for displaying applications where complex 3-D geometric are required for the exteror shall of a product is called:
None of the above
solid modeling
surface modeling
2-D modeling
3-D modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: surface modeling

Q. Sensors:
are easily developed
are not important in automation
probably will not improve over the next decade
will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future

Q. The output of a thermocouple is:
a current
a resistance
a capacitance
None of the above
a voltage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a voltage

Q. CAE and CAM are linked through:
None of the above
NC tape programming and automated design
assembly automation and tool production.
a common data base and communications system
parts production and testing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a common data base and communications system

Q. The power source that drives the manipulator can be:
pneumatic
electric
None of the above
All of the above
hydraulic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A flexible manufacturing system may be:
All of the above.
very difficult to change when new products are introduced
an automated assembly line
None of the above
expensive to alter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an automated assembly line

Q. A venturi tube:
is extremely difficult to use
measures the presence of a liquid
is made only of metal
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates

Q. The linking of PCs with a communi-cations system is referred to as:
networking
turnkey systems
None of the above
workstations
streaming

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: networking

Q. An assembly language instruction:
None of the above
is written in ones and zeros
does not require knowledge of the computer design
corresponds to one computer operation
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: corresponds to one computer operation

Q. Historically, central systems were used because:
memory consumed a large amount of power
memory was very expensive
All of the above
None of the above
semiconductor memory was not available

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. When a computer fetches an instruction, the binary code representing the instruction appears on the:
output data bus
memory data bus
None of the above
I/O address bus
input data bus

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: memory data bus

Q. Flat panel displays are based on what type of technology?
Solid state
RGB monitor
Direct view storage tube
None of the above
Very large-scale integration (VLSI)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid state

Q. The heart of automation technology is.
robots
control
sensors
computers
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: computers

Q. Which of the following elements can be used with a TI510 FC?
Cymbal timer
None of the above
Drum timer
Flashing light
Metronome

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum timer

Q. An encoder:
converts a binary number to a decimal number.
is used to send telegraph signals
converts an input to a binary number
can have only four keys
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: converts an input to a binary number

Q. How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller?
All of the above
the error is divided into discrete amounts
the digital controller cannot handle integral mode
None of the above
the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller

Q. Which of the following editor(s) is(are) incorporated into general CAD system?
Macro and symbol Editor
All of the above
Point Editor
None of the above
Line Editor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A solenoid:
can be used only in de circuits
is widely used in industrial automation
None of the above
is related to an aneroid
is spring operated

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is widely used in industrial automation

Q. Using a microcomputer as a controller allows:
faster cycle time
None of the above
more self diagnostics of the machine operation
All of the above
simpler mechanical hardware

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Programming languages currently available for robots:
require training
may be point-to-point languages
None of the above
All of the above
may allow primitive motion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following represents a conditional branching instruction?
X = 5 + Y
GOTO 50
JMP MOTOR
BGT LOOPS
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BGT LOOPS

Q. The two types of relays in a PC are:
an output relay and a control relay
a retentive relay and a non-retentive relay
a control relay and a retentive relay
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an output relay and a control relay

Q. A stepping motor;
has a speed proportional to voltage input
None of the above
can index positional movement.
is a good choice where continuous rotation is needed
has a commutator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can index positional movement.

Q. Automation normally means:
a net loss of jobs.
no change in jobs.
None of the above
a net increase in jobs.
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a net increase in jobs.

Q. The physical arrangement of equipment in a network is called:
None of the above
logic
pairing
queuing
topology

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: topology

Q. When was the first successful industrial robot installed in the General Motors Plant in USA?
None of the above
1967
1960
1963
1961

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1961

Q. Many things can be done to minimize downtime loss. Identify two of them.
stock critical spare parts
provide an extra workstation
establish a user forum program
None of the above
both b and c

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both b and c

Q. The electronic component that has been the key to recent developments in automation is the:
diode
improved vacuum tube
integrated circuit
transistor
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: integrated circuit

Q. Two of the major processing languages are PROLOG and:
BASIC
None of the above
LISP
COBOL
Pascal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: LISP

Q. Which type of digitizer measures a wave traveling at the speed of sound?
Electrostatic
Digitizing sr amer
None of the above
Caparitive
Sonic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sonic

Q. The three different types of pen plotter technology are flatbed, drum, and:
thermal
pinch roller
impact
electrostatic
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: pinch roller

Q. An operating system:
is useless in most control applications
None of the above
can help reduce software development time
All of the above
provides ability for other programmers to understand the software structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can help reduce software development time

Q. Stepping motors:
do not require commutators
can run both clockwise and counterclockwise
can be built to index different amounts by changing the pole configuration
can run at varying speeds
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Who made the statement "if a robot can do a job, a person should not be doing it"?
Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California
None ,of the above
John Smith, USA
Prof. Meredith Turing, London University
Prof. F. A. Fisher of Britain

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California

Q. The axis of movement of a robot may include:
elbow rotation
All of the above
Wrist rotation
X-Y coordinate motion
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is often used as an alternative to the light pen or in association with storage tube displays?
None of the above
Track ball
Mouse
Tablet
Digitiser

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Tablet

Q. The first industrial robot for commercial uses was installed in a Japanese plant at Toyota Automatic Loom Company, the parent company of the Toyota Automobile Group. When did this robot go into operation?
None of the above
Dec-67
Nov-66
Apr-70
Jun-65

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dec-67

Q. Which of the following symbol modes are used to input of graphics to General CAD system?
Live and Rectangle mode
All of the above
Dimension and Alphanumeric mode
None of the above
Arc and Circle mode

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The rate at which scanning is repeated is called the:
stroke rate
bandwidth
None of the above
refresh rate
resolution

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: refresh rate

Q. A way to transfer programs to a central system is:
by setting bit switches on the central CPU
All of the above
to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system
None of the above
to develop the program on the actual system only

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system

Q. The "end-effector" of a robot:
can be an actual tool
is the robot "hand"
may have a gripping action
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The difference between a high-technology and a medium-technology robot is the:
speed of movement
range of motion of the robot
None of the above
complexity of the task it can perform.
accuracy of the robot

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: complexity of the task it can perform.

Q. What Is a process variable?
All of the above
None of the above
A process parameter that changes value
A manipulated variable
A controlled variable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A continuous process is:
used only for simple tasks
one that never shuts down
self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.
used only with analog controllers.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.

Q. An operational amplifier:
can be used to subtract two or more signals
All of the above
None of the above
can be used to sum two or more signals
uses the principle of feedback

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The computer graphics system called SKETCHPAD was demonstrated at
Cranfield Institute of Technology, London, 1962
Imperial college of Science and Technology, London, 1973
University of Aston, Birmingham, 1960
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963

Q. The new industrial revolution has been caused by:
demand for higher wages
None of the above
advances in electronics
the Vietnam War
social unrest

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: advances in electronics

Q. In the instruction, 500 SUBA # 50 the command field is:
500
(b) and (c)
None of the above
SUBA
# 50000

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SUBA

Q. The APT (automatically progra-mmed tools) language is used with:
large automation systems
programmable controllers
drafting systems
numerical controlled machines.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: numerical controlled machines.

Q. A proportional plus integral contro-ller can:
can compensate for lag
None of the above
can increase the system type
both (b) and (c)
has no transient response

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. For a type 1 system, the steady-state:
error for a step input is always zero
error for a velocity input is always zero
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
(a) and (c)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Which of the methods below can be used to tell a robot what it is to do?
None of the above
Walk-through
(a) and (c)
Set mechanical stops
Software program

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Semiconductor devices:
usually have a very short MTBF (mean time between failure)
None of the above
All of the above
are less reliable than electro
have a very short infant mortality period

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: have a very short infant mortality period

Q. What prevents a robotic instrument from running into other objects?
negative image
functional manipulators
memory
None of the above
sensory devices

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sensory devices

Q. Which of the following devices would be classified as a robot by the Robot Institute of America?
All of the above
Automobile
Artificial hand
None of the above
Pick-and-place manipulator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Pick-and-place manipulator

Q. In general, American buyers will purchase goods:
None of the above
(a) and (c)
that offer the best quality for the least money.
without regard to country of manufacturer.
that are made in America, even at higher costs.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The ideal solution is to have a system coordinator who will interface with the engineering and manufacturing managers, as well as the:
finance manager
marketing manager
president
None of the above
MIS manager

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MIS manager

Q. Most industrial control applications:
None of the above
can be done more reliably using solid-state methods
must have the process specified correctly to be successful
All of the above
can be solved using more than one method of control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In raster-scan colour monitors, colour can be intensified by:
having each electron gun controlled by separate signal
using an in-line gun arrangement with a solid metal mesh
having each electron gun controlled by a composite signal
grouping the phosphor dots in a circular pattern
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: having each electron gun controlled by separate signal

Q. Compared to humans, machines:
make fewer errors
can make more complex decisions based on unexpected circumstances
(a) and (c)
None of the above
can work in harsher environments

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. A microprocessor:
None of the above
is another name for a computer
(a) and (c)
is a CPU in integrated circuit form
executes a program of instructions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Several objectives are required to achieve a successful data base management program. These are availability of data, quality of data, and
None of the above
desirability of data
transmission of data
compatibility of data
up-to-date data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: up-to-date data

Q. When one must sell a project to management, the most important document he or she can produce is a:
None of the above
summary of the problem
project evaluation
procedure for purchase
method for financing the project

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: project evaluation

Q. FORTRAN is:
a medium-level language
a mathematically oriented language
None of the above
All of the above
machine dependent

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a mathematically oriented language

Q. When of the following produces the best quality graphics reproduction?
Ink jet printers
None of the above
Laser printers
Plotters
Dot metric printers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotters

Q. What kind of capability is required if one plans to interface with a plotter or printer?
A co-processor
A graphics board
RGB monitor
None of the above
A graphics cable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A graphics board

Q. Actuators are used to:
sense an object
None of the above
All of the above
make a mechanical movement
activate a chemical

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: make a mechanical movement

Q. An aneroid barometer
None of the above
is very unreliable
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates
measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.
can measure only atmospheric pressure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.

Q. Use of modern control technology in automation systems:
reduces costs
All of the above
increases yield
improves reliability
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Computer-based controllers:
None of the above
are very difficult to change
are very flexible
(a) and (c) above
should be built in a modular fashion wherever possible

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. The hardware device Jhat acts as both a switching and connecting unit is called a(n):
multiplexer
communications processor
RS-232C port
None of the above
concentrator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: multiplexer

Q. The workspace required for a robot:
is not dependent on the application.
must be enclosed by a fence
is less than that of a human performing the same task
depends upon the robot used
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: depends upon the robot used

Q. In the operation of a programmable controller:
None of the above
mathematics cannot be performed
any latched data must be done using an external latching relay
all of the logic status is maintained in memory
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the logic status is maintained in memory

Q. Software is:
None of the above
tape input.
a programming language
printer output
a set of instructions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of instructions

Q. A set of well-defined procedures based on mathematical and geometric formulas for solving a problem in a finite number of steps is called:
None of the above
a geometric model
arithmetic logic
a permutation
an algorithm

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an algorithm

Q. The coordinate system used to describe a workpiece:
is always two-dimensional
changes from part to part
All of the above
is defined with respect to a point on the machine
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is defined with respect to a point on the machine

Q. Who are called steel collar workers?
Office clerks
Steel factory workers
None of the above
Factory workers
Robots

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which of the following may be classified as an automation system?
automated warehouses
robotics
All of the above
numerically controlled machine tools
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A microprocessor is:
None of the above
controlled by a program
relatively inexpensive
an integrated circuit
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A program language:
All of the above
is always machine dependent
None of the above
defines the form of the instruction
is never machine dependent

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: defines the form of the instruction

Q. Trend analysis:
is a brand new concept
can improve control system response
None of the above
requires a very expensive system to implement
is used only in financial planning

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can improve control system response

Q. The raster CRT eliminates:
flicker and slow update
slow update only
None of the above
flicker only
has no effect

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: flicker and slow update

Q. The concept of a general CAD system was that it should provide:
All of the above
None of the above
A system for the operation of applications programming.
A set of basic system functions and utilities.
A system for handling user actions.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. If the present value in a timer in the TI510 is 8, how many milliseconds is required from the time the timer is started until the output is enabled?
None of the above
1275.41
18
149.88
133.36

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 133.36

Q. Which of the following is a graphical input device?
keyboard
mouse
light pen
None of the above
Track ball

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: light pen

Q. Productivity is defined as:
None of the above
number of items manufactured per day
output per man-hour of labour
cost per unit
cost per day

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: output per man-hour of labour

Q. The lowest form of computer language is called:
FORTRAN
machine language
COBOL
BASIC
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: machine language

Q. The term used to represent the recycling of unused memory is:
memory dump
direct memory access
None of the above
garbage collection
diagnostic routine

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: garbage collection

Q. The SKETCHPAD system
All of the above
is used for interactive Graphics
is expensive because it is sophisticated and make demands on the power and resources of the computer.
consisted of an cathode-ray oscilloscope driven by a Lincoln Tx2 computer where by graphical information was displayed on the screen.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In order to combat foreign competition, U.S. companies are:
automating
ignoring the situation
seeking import tariffs
None of the above
decreasing the salaries

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: automating

Q. A dc servo motor:
uses a variable dc voltage for speed control
can provide precise position control
All of the above
uses a tachometer for speed feedback
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. For a type 0 system, the steady-state:
error for a step input is always zero
(a) and (c)
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
error for a velocity input is always zero
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: input for acceleration input is always non-zero

Q. Speech recognition:
will be used in more applications as the technology matures.
will never be used in industrial controls
None of the above
is already widely used in industrial controls
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be used in more applications as the technology matures.

Q. What is the difference between integral and derivative control?
integral control has slower response to an error signal.
None of the above
derivative control responds to a change in the rate of change in the error signal
derivative control does not eliminate offset error
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is a graphical output device?
Plotter
None of the above
Laser Printer
Dot-matrix Printer
Line Printer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Resolution in a CRT refers to:
the number of phosphor dots that react when hit by the electron beam
None of the above
the number of pixels in each square centimeter
the speed at which the monitor can accept data from the computer
the number of addressable elements on the tube

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of addressable elements on the tube

Q. Which of the following devices could be part of a sensor?
None of the above
brake
relay
clutch.
thermometer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: thermometer

Q. A favourable reason for automation is to:
decrease throughput
None of the above
raises assembly cost
perform difficult operations
increase number of operations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: perform difficult operations

Q. Direct Numerical Control means:
None of the above
complete elimination of a need for a human operator.
using several computers to control one large machine
using one computer to control several machines
eliminating computers from the manufacturing process

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: using one computer to control several machines

Q. One advantage of a PC in industrial control is that it:
All of the above
has a reliable long life compared to relay logic
is unreliable because there are no moving parts
is very difficult for the inexperienced programmer to understand
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a reliable long life compared to relay logic

Q. Which of the following is a machine language instruction?
10001101
ADD 5
All of the above
None of the above
GOTO XOUT

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10001101

Q. A flip-flop:
remembers what was previously stored in it
(a) and (c)
None of the above
is a sequential logic device
is a combinational logic device

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The general CAD system was development by considering a wide range of possible uses of such a system.
Mechanical engineering design
None of the above
Structural engineering design and Electronic circuit design
Animation and graphic design
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. There are several procedures you can implement to provide maximum security. The most important of these is:
Verify the reputation of the people installing your system
None of the above
do not allow unbonded service people to work on your equipment
run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)
do not leave training manuals unsecured

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)

Q. Which method is frequently used, especially in the early stages of design?
None of the above
All of the above
The iterative design method
The design selection method
The direct method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. The greatest change as a result of CAD/CAM is taking place in which industry?
Medical
Cartography
Electronics
None of the above
Aerospace

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Electronics

Q. The main function(s) of computer in CAD is/are
To enhance the analytical and logical power of the designer
None of the above
To relieve the designer from routine repetitious tasks.
To serve as an extension to the memory of the designer
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A common data base is one requisite for converting CAD and CAM to CIM. Another is that:
the system must make provision for new techniques.
there should be a common 3-D part description system.
technical assistance must be provided to the user.
None of the above
the user must have access to both hardware and software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: there should be a common 3-D part description system.

Q. Light sensors:
never use infrared light as light source
cannot be used a s limit switches.
None of the above
come in a wide variety of mounting styles
work in direct sunlight

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: come in a wide variety of mounting styles

Q. A drum timer is a good example of:
a sequence controller
an input sensor
None of the above
an output actuator
a position sensor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a sequence controller

Q. Straight-line operations:
must be limited to two per workpiece
None of the above
All of the above
must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system
can include diagonal cuts if they aren't curved

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system

Q. Localizing an object in an image and selectively analyzing the object in a series of redundant layers is referred to as the:
Maxwell pyramid
Gaussian pyramid
pyramid
None of the above
Turing test

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gaussian pyramid

Q. A common way to take x, y coordinates off a drawing is to use a
digitiser
Tablet
light pen
Direct view storage tube (DVST)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: digitiser

Q. Operator interaction directly with the CRT is accomplished via:
vector scanning
a touch terminal
None of the above
a digitizing tablet
a stylus

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a touch terminal

Q. Which part of the system allows the user to interact with the compiler? (a) Memory
None of the above
Translator
None of the above
Communications processor
Interpreter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A discrete parts process is:
often encountered in manufacturing
None of the above
(b) and (c)
the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used
normally a repetitive series of operations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used

Q. Which document sums up the general provisions of purchase, terms and agreement, warranties, and maintenance?
None of the above
The contract
The project evaluation
The purchasing report
The financial report.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The contract

Q. The chosen language for the Japanese Fifth-Generation Compu-ter Project is:
None of the above
COBOL
LISP
PROLOG
FORTRAN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: PROLOG

Q. Which technique enables the designer to mold and shape, rather than construct on object using a series of lines?
Surface modeling
FEM (Finite Element Modeling)
None of the above
Solid modeling
Wire-frame modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid modeling

Q. The parallel register:
can store a multiple bit binary number
is erased after a word is read fromit
None of the above
uses R-S flip-flops
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can store a multiple bit binary number

Q. The refresh-vector CRT uses which of the following techniques?
None of the above
Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.
Makes changes on the image by increasing the anode voltage.
Uses an electron gun to continuously flood the surface of the tube.
The beam constantly travels across the screen to turn on/off a series of pixels.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.

Q. Which method uses the design analysis as a method for effecting the design?
All of the above
The design selection method
The iterative design method
The direct method
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The direct method

Q. Digital signals:
can have three possible levels
have a sinusoidal shape.
are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level
None of the above
have a frequency measured in units of hertz

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level

Q. The name given to the test that determines whether a machine can think is the:
McCarthy test
None of the above
Boolean test
Turing test
Gaussian test

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Turing test

Q. A display of a volume model that shows all of its edges is called a:
wire-frame
solid model
surface model
None of the above
3-D model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: wire-frame

Q. The insect type robot Attila is a more competent version of the robot Genghis an weights 1.7 kg. What is the number of microprocessors carried by its body?
10
None of the above
15
33
18

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10

Q. One of the following is not considered a method of input control in a CAD system.
Touch terminal
Plotter
Joystick
None of the above
Programmable function box

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and:
intelligence
buffer size
vertical dimension
None of the above
resolution

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: resolution

Q. If the transient response of a system is overdamped:
the value of the output exceeds the value of the input at times during the transient period.
All of the above
the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.
None of the above
the value of the output never stabilizes.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.

Q. The program execution time:
will vary depending on the language used
cannot be changed once the program is written
must be slower than the fastest mechanical operation that is to be controlled
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will vary depending on the language used

Q. A programmable controller:
is easier to troubleshoot than standard relay logic
None of the above
allows faster machine checkout
both (a) and (b)
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What was the name of the Japanese worker who was killed by an industrial robot at the Akashi plant of Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan?
M. Shubhagya
Kenji Urada
None of the above
K. Miceni
Harun Shimada

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Kenji Urada

Q. A thermistor:
None of the above
has a voltage output
measures temperature
is a pressure sensing device
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures temperature

Q. A typical NC system has which of the following components?
All of the above
None of the above
Controller
Tape input
Machine tool

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Timing using a TM990 micro-computer:
require an external timer added by the user
is available on the standard CPU board
both (b) and (c)
can be handled in software
None of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. If the period of a sine wave is 0.001 second, the frequency of the sine wave is:
0.001 Hz
10,000 Hz
None of the above
1,000 Hz
10 Hz

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1,000 Hz

Q. VLSI (very large scale integrated circuits) logic:
None of the above
will not be available in this decade
will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment
All of the above
means more costly electronic products in the future

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment

Q. A semi-continuous operation means:
a computer is a required part of the machine
None of the above
the operation is continuous each shift, but stops between shifts
each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.
coffee breaks are allowed for the operator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.

Q. Time proportioning control:
None of the above
is less efficient than normal PID control
a and b above.
cannot use a TM990 micro
can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller

Q. A process controller:
is useful in a continuous process control application
can interface to digital and analog I/O
None of the above
All of the above
can solve a PID process control equation easily

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is not critical in PC CAD software?
Damping
Crosshatching
Drawing/editing
None of the above
Layering

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Damping

Q. An up/down counter used in a TI510PC has three inputs. Which of the following is not one of them?
None of the above
Reset.
Count down
Count up
Count out

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Count out

Q. The "walk-through" method of programming a robot involves:
walking through your suggested procedure with your supervisor prior to programming
physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat
moving the robot from one location to another
All of the above.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat

Q. Group technology brings together and organizes:
parts and simulation analysis
common parts, problems, and tasks
documentation and analysis
None of the above
automation and tool production

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: common parts, problems, and tasks

Q. Robots can increase productivity because:
they do not get tired
None of the above
production quality is uniform
All of the above
they do not take a vacation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In the PROLOG language system, facts are manipulated by:
simulations
memory
algorithms
None of the above
rules

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: rules

Q. The general type of process found in industry is:
All of the above
None of the above
batch
discrete parts
continuous

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Three different aspects of colour are used to define specific colours. They are hue, saturation, and:
gray scale
metamer
shading
value
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: value

Q. For a type 2 system, the steady-state:
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
error for a velocity input is always zero
error for a step input is always zero
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In pen plotters, "resolution" refers to the shortest possible line, but in electrostatic plotters it refers to:
None of the above
how accurately the plotter returns to a specific point
the speed per inch
the number of dots per inch
dual-axis tracking

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of dots per inch

Q. Most continuous control actuators:
are used with standard continuous control loop
are of the time proportioning type
use a 4 to 20 mA current loop input
(b) and (c) above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (b) and (c) above

Q. CAD/CAM is the inter-relationship between:
engineering and marketing
engineering and manufacturing
marketing and design
None of the above
manufacturing and marketing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: engineering and manufacturing

Q. Relay ladder logic is used in a PC because:
most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use
it is impossible to write a control program for a machine in any other logic
it is the best industrial control language ever developed.
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use

Q. The program counter:
counts the number of instructions that have been executed
contains the address of the next instruction to be executed
decides which program to run
is where arithmetic is done in a computer.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: contains the address of the next instruction to be executed

Q. Today's engineers feel that the ultimate solution to the CAD/CAM problem will be
turnkey systems
development of a more efficient display controller
the microprocessor
None of the above
Animation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the microprocessor

Q. The reliability life cycle of a product:
None of the above
cannot be predicted
has three distinct rates of failure
All of the above
stays constant with environmental conditions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has three distinct rates of failure

Q. The method of solid modeling that defines the topology of faces, edges, and vertics, as well as data that defines the surface in which each face lies is called:
None of the above
isometric
constructive solid geometry
layering
boundary representation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: boundary representation

Q. Which device does the general population associate most with automation?
Numerical control machine
Flexible manufacturing
Computer graphics workstation
None of the above
Robots

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which industry is the leading user of robots?
None of the above
Automobile industry
Electronic industry
Chemical industry
Shipping industry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Automobile industry

Q. Which of the following method is used the results of a design analysis as a base for redesign decisions?
All of the above
The direct method
The iterative design method
The design selection method
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. Which of the following are kinds of instructions?
Arithmetic
All of the above
None of the above
Input
Conditional branching

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A sequence controller:
performs on/off control functions in relation to time.
None of the above
is a mechanical only controller
is difficult to program
is no longer in widespread use

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: performs on/off control functions in relation to time.

Q. What is required to enable the PC to emulate a graphics terminal?
A graphics board
A color monitor
None of the above
Software
A laser printer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Software

Q. Which CAD display configurability allows work without any host support?
Highly intelligent
Low intelligence
None of the above
One with no secondary storage capacity.
Medium intelligence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Highly intelligent

Q. The formula for memory capacity is:
MC -2 to the Nth power
MC = N squared.
None of the above
MC = 2/N
MC = N/2

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MC -2 to the Nth power

Q. The accuracy of a pick-and-place robot can be as good as:
+ 0.05 inches
None of the above
0.008 inches
+ 0.0005 inches
3%

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: + 0.0005 inches

Q. A disadvantage of Numerical Control (NC) is:
None of the above
the tape and tape reader are not reliable
the machine tool can easily overheat
one operator is needed for each machine.
the computer is not reliable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the tape and tape reader are not reliable

Q. Four basic elements are required for an automated machine tool or production process. They are: input interface, memory, output interface and:
NC tape programming
None of the above
logic
computer graphics workstation
software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: logic

Q. Digitizers can be converted from "dumb" to "smart" through the addition of:
keyboard
None of the above
a scanner
a microprocessor
an electromagnetic coupling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a microprocessor

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