Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Automation System MCQS Questions
Q. What key hardware item ties a CAD/ CAM system together?
Digitizer
Mouse
Graphics workstation
None of the above
Plotter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Graphics workstation

Q. The steady-state error is:
None of the above
a function of the transient response
independent of the type of input
decreased by increasing gain.
zero for all inputs to type 1 systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: decreased by increasing gain.

Q. A pick-and-place manipulator is:
primarily used for large parts handling
None of the above
the most flexible of all robots
an intelligent robot
capable of point-to-point operation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capable of point-to-point operation

Q. Numerical control:
All of the above
is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions
is a method for producing an exact number of parts per hour
None of the above
applies only to milling machines

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is a method for controlling the operation of a machine by means of a set of instructions

Q. The use of specialized workstations:
reduces the host computer workload and allows more users
has a high cost-performance tradeoff
None of the above
reduces the host computer workload
provides limited growth potentials for 3-D

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: reduces the host computer workload and allows more users

Q. The three key elements for a graphics workstation include the host processor, display controller, and:
keyboard
None of the above
CRT
mouse
digitizer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: CRT

Q. What two disciplines are usually tied by a common data base?
None of the above
Testing and analysis
Drafting and documentation
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
Documentation and geometric modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing

Q. The robot:
is very primitive at the present
None of the above
represents the most powerful new industrial automation tool currently on the horizon
All of the above
will be more useful when robot vision is improved significantly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Flood guns bombard the phosphor surface of the tube in which one of the following types of CRT technology?
Refresh-vector CRT
Raster scan CRT
None of the above
Stroke CRT
Direct view storage tube

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Direct view storage tube

Q. The speed at which the monitor accepts data is called:
bandwidth
interlacing
None of the above
response time
scanning

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: bandwidth

Q. Flexible manufacturing allows for:
tool design and tool production
automated design
None of the above
quick and inexpensive product changes
factory management

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: quick and inexpensive product changes

Q. If the transient response is under damped:
the present overshoot is zero
None of the above
the value of the output will exceed the value of the input at times during the transient period
steady-state will be reached faster than if the system is overdamped
both a and b

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both a and b

Q. Which item best describes a CAM technology?
Drafting
Numerical control
Documentation
Geometric modeling
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Numerical control

Q. One of the major benefits of using CAD in tool design is that:
None of the above
product design represents approximately one-half the engineering costs
there is better coordination in the materials-handling area
it simplifies the trial-and-error method
tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: tool motions can be checked to see if there is interference between the tool and the object

Q. The rectangular boundary around a specific area on the display is called
a view plane
a window
a conic section
a view point
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a window

Q. Today, programmable controllers:
are relatively low cost compared with the original digital equipment available for industrial control
are more powerful then the first controllers on the market
can be cost effective even when replacing just a few relays
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the plotters listed below eliminates media size limitations?
Flatbed
Pinch roller
None of the above
Drum
Electrostatic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum

Q. What is the process lag?
The lag in the error signal when the setpoint is changed.
The time it takes for the sensor to respond to a changed.
None of the above
All of the above
The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.

Q. The user communicates directly with the computer through its peripheral devices is known as
None of the above
Remote-terminal processing
Batch mode processing
On-line processing
Intelligent terminal Processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: On-line processing

Q. Which of these controller types is the most accurate?
Proportional
Proportional plus derivative
Proportional plus integral
None of the above
Three mode

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Three mode

Q. Over the last ten years, productivity has risen most rapidly in:
Italy
United States
None of the above
France
Japan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Japan

Q. Which part of the system performs the "housekeeping" chores?
translator
interpreter
compiler
None of the above
operating system

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: operating system

Q. Most current PC CAD systems are used for producing:
None of the above
2-D drawings
solids modeling
circuit simulation
finite element analysis

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 2-D drawings

Q. The addition of _____ can reduce processing time.
An EPROM
None of the above
A buffer
A converter
A co-processor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A co-processor

Q. Programmable controllers:
(a) and (c) above
are widely used in many different industries
None of the above
cannot perform functions other than relay logic
are programmed using relay ladder logic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. What should be first considered in choosing a plotter?
None of the above
The type of data you will input
The hardware you currently own
The cost
The application for which it will be used

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The application for which it will be used

Q. How is the integral mode implemented using analog methods?
Op amp and resistors
All of the above
Op amp and an RC network to place the error voltage across the capacitor
Op amp and a capacitor
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Op amp and a capacitor

Q. The processing, which normally consists of a small computer with one or more peripheral devices, connected via a high-speed line to the large control computer is known as
Intelligent terminal Processing
Batch mode processing
On-line processing
None of the above
Remote-terminal processing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Intelligent terminal Processing

Q. Vision sensors:
All of the above
None of the above
can not improve much in the next decade
will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye
will remain very costly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will more closely match the capabilities of the human eye

Q. Pressure sensors:
All of the above
use the piezoresistive effect in strain gauge sensors
use capacitive variations to sense pressure
use an aneroid chamber with a variable resistance output
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A LISP environment consists of a language, a programming environ-ment, and:
a processor
None of the above
a set of functions
random-access storage
a large address

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of functions

Q. The difference between CAD and CAM is that CAD software is directed at product design while CAM software is:
None of the above
specifically for PC-board design
designed for communications
concerned with management programs
concerned with production and control of tool design

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: concerned with production and control of tool design

Q. Which of the following is required for a plotter to perform specific commands?
None of the above
Driver
Software
Firmware
Hardware

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Driver

Q. The main activity(ies) of Designer in CAD is/are:
None of the above
All of the above
Control of the design process in information distribution.
Organisation of design information
Application of creativity, ingenuity, and experience.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Microcomputer-based control sys-tems
will just keep their present capability
will tend to increase in cost.
All of the above
None of the above
will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will have more standard industrial application software available in the future.

Q. The basic difference between broadband and baseband is:
capacity
None of the above
availability
reliability
transmission

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: capacity

Q. Having compatibility and commonality in and between vendors' equipment is called:
None of the above
standardization
networking
registration
integration

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: standardization

Q. The Ziegler-Nichols method:
is a method of control
None of the above
a and b above
can be used to determine gain factors of a PI loop
is a graphical solution method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a and b above

Q. The two major categories of software are: application software and
None of the above
CAD software
system software
high-level languages
UNIX software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: system software

Q. High-level languages:
cannot be used with automatic systems.
are very difficult to use
are "procedure-oriented"
None of the above
require knowledge of the computer design

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are "procedure-oriented"

Q. A Hall effect switch is usually used to:
measure voltage
sense a vacuum
sense the presence of a magnetic object.
measure temperature
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sense the presence of a magnetic object.

Q. Robots consist of three basic components; power supply, control (memory) console, and:
None of the above
software
coaxial cable
microcomputer
mechanical unit (arm)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: mechanical unit (arm)

Q. The device that assembles groups of characters into complete messages prior to their entering the CPU is called:
an editor
None of the above
an interpreter
a communications processor
a compiler

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a communications processor

Q. What two methods are available to build electronic continuous control?
Pneumatic and analog
None of the above
Analog and digital
All of the above
Analog and mechanical

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Analog and digital

Q. A servo controlled robot:
can accelerate
None of the above
stop only at fixed points on each axis
must be electrically driven
must be hydraulically driven

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can accelerate

Q. Which of the following is considered a high-level language?
All of the above
FORTRAN
Machine language
Assembly language
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: FORTRAN

Q. A technique for displaying applications where complex 3-D geometric are required for the exteror shall of a product is called:
surface modeling
solid modeling
None of the above
3-D modeling
2-D modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: surface modeling

Q. Sensors:
will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future
probably will not improve over the next decade
None of the above
are not important in automation
are easily developed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be much smarter and more sophisticated in the future

Q. The output of a thermocouple is:
None of the above
a voltage
a resistance
a current
a capacitance

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a voltage

Q. CAE and CAM are linked through:
assembly automation and tool production.
NC tape programming and automated design
None of the above
a common data base and communications system
parts production and testing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a common data base and communications system

Q. The power source that drives the manipulator can be:
electric
pneumatic
hydraulic
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A flexible manufacturing system may be:
None of the above
very difficult to change when new products are introduced
expensive to alter
All of the above.
an automated assembly line

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an automated assembly line

Q. A venturi tube:
None of the above
is made only of metal
is extremely difficult to use
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates
measures the presence of a liquid

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates

Q. The linking of PCs with a communi-cations system is referred to as:
workstations
turnkey systems
None of the above
networking
streaming

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: networking

Q. An assembly language instruction:
does not require knowledge of the computer design
corresponds to one computer operation
is written in ones and zeros
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: corresponds to one computer operation

Q. Historically, central systems were used because:
memory consumed a large amount of power
All of the above
None of the above
semiconductor memory was not available
memory was very expensive

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. When a computer fetches an instruction, the binary code representing the instruction appears on the:
input data bus
memory data bus
output data bus
None of the above
I/O address bus

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: memory data bus

Q. Flat panel displays are based on what type of technology?
Very large-scale integration (VLSI)
RGB monitor
None of the above
Direct view storage tube
Solid state

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid state

Q. The heart of automation technology is.
robots
computers
control
sensors
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: computers

Q. Which of the following elements can be used with a TI510 FC?
Flashing light
Metronome
Cymbal timer
None of the above
Drum timer

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Drum timer

Q. An encoder:
converts a binary number to a decimal number.
is used to send telegraph signals
can have only four keys
None of the above
converts an input to a binary number

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: converts an input to a binary number

Q. How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller?
None of the above
the error is divided into discrete amounts
the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller
the digital controller cannot handle integral mode
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller

Q. Which of the following editor(s) is(are) incorporated into general CAD system?
Line Editor
Point Editor
None of the above
Macro and symbol Editor
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A solenoid:
is spring operated
is widely used in industrial automation
is related to an aneroid
can be used only in de circuits
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is widely used in industrial automation

Q. Using a microcomputer as a controller allows:
All of the above
faster cycle time
more self diagnostics of the machine operation
simpler mechanical hardware
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Programming languages currently available for robots:
may allow primitive motion
All of the above
None of the above
may be point-to-point languages
require training

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following represents a conditional branching instruction?
GOTO 50
X = 5 + Y
None of the above
BGT LOOPS
JMP MOTOR

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: BGT LOOPS

Q. The two types of relays in a PC are:
All of the above
a control relay and a retentive relay
None of the above
a retentive relay and a non-retentive relay
an output relay and a control relay

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an output relay and a control relay

Q. A stepping motor;
has a commutator
is a good choice where continuous rotation is needed
can index positional movement.
None of the above
has a speed proportional to voltage input

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can index positional movement.

Q. Automation normally means:
All of the above
a net loss of jobs.
a net increase in jobs.
no change in jobs.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a net increase in jobs.

Q. The physical arrangement of equipment in a network is called:
logic
topology
None of the above
pairing
queuing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: topology

Q. When was the first successful industrial robot installed in the General Motors Plant in USA?
1963
None of the above
1967
1961
1960

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1961

Q. Many things can be done to minimize downtime loss. Identify two of them.
both b and c
None of the above
establish a user forum program
provide an extra workstation
stock critical spare parts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both b and c

Q. The electronic component that has been the key to recent developments in automation is the:
None of the above
integrated circuit
improved vacuum tube
diode
transistor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: integrated circuit

Q. Two of the major processing languages are PROLOG and:
LISP
COBOL
None of the above
BASIC
Pascal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: LISP

Q. Which type of digitizer measures a wave traveling at the speed of sound?
None of the above
Sonic
Caparitive
Digitizing sr amer
Electrostatic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sonic

Q. The three different types of pen plotter technology are flatbed, drum, and:
thermal
electrostatic
None of the above
impact
pinch roller

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: pinch roller

Q. An operating system:
is useless in most control applications
can help reduce software development time
All of the above
None of the above
provides ability for other programmers to understand the software structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can help reduce software development time

Q. Stepping motors:
can run at varying speeds
can run both clockwise and counterclockwise
All of the above
can be built to index different amounts by changing the pole configuration
do not require commutators

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Who made the statement "if a robot can do a job, a person should not be doing it"?
Prof. Meredith Turing, London University
Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California
John Smith, USA
None ,of the above
Prof. F. A. Fisher of Britain

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ron Albo of Shugart Associates, California

Q. The axis of movement of a robot may include:
elbow rotation
X-Y coordinate motion
Wrist rotation
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is often used as an alternative to the light pen or in association with storage tube displays?
Tablet
Track ball
None of the above
Mouse
Digitiser

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Tablet

Q. The first industrial robot for commercial uses was installed in a Japanese plant at Toyota Automatic Loom Company, the parent company of the Toyota Automobile Group. When did this robot go into operation?
Nov-66
None of the above
Jun-65
Apr-70
Dec-67

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dec-67

Q. Which of the following symbol modes are used to input of graphics to General CAD system?
Dimension and Alphanumeric mode
Arc and Circle mode
Live and Rectangle mode
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The rate at which scanning is repeated is called the:
None of the above
stroke rate
bandwidth
resolution
refresh rate

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: refresh rate

Q. A way to transfer programs to a central system is:
All of the above
to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system
by setting bit switches on the central CPU
None of the above
to develop the program on the actual system only

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to copy the program into PROMs and install the PROMs in the system

Q. The "end-effector" of a robot:
All of the above
None of the above
can be an actual tool
is the robot "hand"
may have a gripping action

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The difference between a high-technology and a medium-technology robot is the:
accuracy of the robot
range of motion of the robot
complexity of the task it can perform.
speed of movement
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: complexity of the task it can perform.

Q. What Is a process variable?
A manipulated variable
None of the above
All of the above
A controlled variable
A process parameter that changes value

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A continuous process is:
used only for simple tasks
None of the above
used only with analog controllers.
self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.
one that never shuts down

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: self-contained in that raw materials enter the process and an identifiable products exits the process.

Q. An operational amplifier:
can be used to subtract two or more signals
None of the above
uses the principle of feedback
can be used to sum two or more signals
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The computer graphics system called SKETCHPAD was demonstrated at
Imperial college of Science and Technology, London, 1973
Cranfield Institute of Technology, London, 1962
None of the above
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963
University of Aston, Birmingham, 1960

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963

Q. The new industrial revolution has been caused by:
the Vietnam War
None of the above
demand for higher wages
social unrest
advances in electronics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: advances in electronics

Q. In the instruction, 500 SUBA # 50 the command field is:
None of the above
500
(b) and (c)
SUBA
# 50000

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SUBA

Q. The APT (automatically progra-mmed tools) language is used with:
None of the above
programmable controllers
numerical controlled machines.
drafting systems
large automation systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: numerical controlled machines.

Q. A proportional plus integral contro-ller can:
can increase the system type
both (b) and (c)
None of the above
can compensate for lag
has no transient response

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. For a type 1 system, the steady-state:
None of the above
(a) and (c)
error for a velocity input is always zero
error for a step input is always zero
input for acceleration input is always non-zero

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Which of the methods below can be used to tell a robot what it is to do?
Set mechanical stops
Software program
(a) and (c)
None of the above
Walk-through

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Semiconductor devices:
are less reliable than electro
All of the above
have a very short infant mortality period
usually have a very short MTBF (mean time between failure)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: have a very short infant mortality period

Q. What prevents a robotic instrument from running into other objects?
sensory devices
functional manipulators
memory
None of the above
negative image

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sensory devices

Q. Which of the following devices would be classified as a robot by the Robot Institute of America?
Artificial hand
All of the above
None of the above
Automobile
Pick-and-place manipulator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Pick-and-place manipulator

Q. In general, American buyers will purchase goods:
None of the above
that offer the best quality for the least money.
(a) and (c)
that are made in America, even at higher costs.
without regard to country of manufacturer.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The ideal solution is to have a system coordinator who will interface with the engineering and manufacturing managers, as well as the:
president
marketing manager
MIS manager
finance manager
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MIS manager

Q. Most industrial control applications:
All of the above
must have the process specified correctly to be successful
can be done more reliably using solid-state methods
None of the above
can be solved using more than one method of control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In raster-scan colour monitors, colour can be intensified by:
using an in-line gun arrangement with a solid metal mesh
having each electron gun controlled by separate signal
grouping the phosphor dots in a circular pattern
None of the above
having each electron gun controlled by a composite signal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: having each electron gun controlled by separate signal

Q. Compared to humans, machines:
(a) and (c)
can make more complex decisions based on unexpected circumstances
make fewer errors
can work in harsher environments
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. A microprocessor:
None of the above
(a) and (c)
is a CPU in integrated circuit form
is another name for a computer
executes a program of instructions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. Several objectives are required to achieve a successful data base management program. These are availability of data, quality of data, and
None of the above
compatibility of data
transmission of data
up-to-date data
desirability of data

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: up-to-date data

Q. When one must sell a project to management, the most important document he or she can produce is a:
project evaluation
procedure for purchase
method for financing the project
summary of the problem
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: project evaluation

Q. FORTRAN is:
a mathematically oriented language
All of the above
machine dependent
a medium-level language
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a mathematically oriented language

Q. When of the following produces the best quality graphics reproduction?
None of the above
Laser printers
Dot metric printers
Plotters
Ink jet printers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotters

Q. What kind of capability is required if one plans to interface with a plotter or printer?
A graphics board
A graphics cable
RGB monitor
A co-processor
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A graphics board

Q. Actuators are used to:
make a mechanical movement
sense an object
activate a chemical
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: make a mechanical movement

Q. An aneroid barometer
can measure only atmospheric pressure
can be used to measure gas or liquid flow rates
None of the above
measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.
is very unreliable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures pressure by sensing deflection of an evacuated chambers.

Q. Use of modern control technology in automation systems:
All of the above
None of the above
improves reliability
increases yield
reduces costs

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Computer-based controllers:
are very difficult to change
should be built in a modular fashion wherever possible
(a) and (c) above
are very flexible
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c) above

Q. The hardware device Jhat acts as both a switching and connecting unit is called a(n):
None of the above
multiplexer
concentrator
communications processor
RS-232C port

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: multiplexer

Q. The workspace required for a robot:
depends upon the robot used
is not dependent on the application.
is less than that of a human performing the same task
None of the above
must be enclosed by a fence

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: depends upon the robot used

Q. In the operation of a programmable controller:
any latched data must be done using an external latching relay
All of the above
None of the above
mathematics cannot be performed
all of the logic status is maintained in memory

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the logic status is maintained in memory

Q. Software is:
a set of instructions
tape input.
None of the above
a programming language
printer output

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a set of instructions

Q. A set of well-defined procedures based on mathematical and geometric formulas for solving a problem in a finite number of steps is called:
None of the above
arithmetic logic
an algorithm
a geometric model
a permutation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: an algorithm

Q. The coordinate system used to describe a workpiece:
None of the above
All of the above
is defined with respect to a point on the machine
is always two-dimensional
changes from part to part

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: is defined with respect to a point on the machine

Q. Who are called steel collar workers?
None of the above
Steel factory workers
Office clerks
Factory workers
Robots

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which of the following may be classified as an automation system?
robotics
automated warehouses
numerically controlled machine tools
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A microprocessor is:
an integrated circuit
All of the above
relatively inexpensive
None of the above
controlled by a program

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A program language:
is always machine dependent
defines the form of the instruction
is never machine dependent
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: defines the form of the instruction

Q. Trend analysis:
None of the above
is used only in financial planning
can improve control system response
requires a very expensive system to implement
is a brand new concept

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can improve control system response

Q. The raster CRT eliminates:
None of the above
flicker and slow update
flicker only
slow update only
has no effect

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: flicker and slow update

Q. The concept of a general CAD system was that it should provide:
All of the above
A system for the operation of applications programming.
A set of basic system functions and utilities.
None of the above
A system for handling user actions.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. If the present value in a timer in the TI510 is 8, how many milliseconds is required from the time the timer is started until the output is enabled?
None of the above
1275.41
133.36
149.88
18

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 133.36

Q. Which of the following is a graphical input device?
light pen
None of the above
Track ball
keyboard
mouse

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: light pen

Q. Productivity is defined as:
cost per unit
output per man-hour of labour
cost per day
number of items manufactured per day
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: output per man-hour of labour

Q. The lowest form of computer language is called:
BASIC
machine language
None of the above
COBOL
FORTRAN

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: machine language

Q. The term used to represent the recycling of unused memory is:
diagnostic routine
None of the above
garbage collection
direct memory access
memory dump

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: garbage collection

Q. The SKETCHPAD system
All of the above
consisted of an cathode-ray oscilloscope driven by a Lincoln Tx2 computer where by graphical information was displayed on the screen.
is used for interactive Graphics
None of the above
is expensive because it is sophisticated and make demands on the power and resources of the computer.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In order to combat foreign competition, U.S. companies are:
None of the above
ignoring the situation
seeking import tariffs
decreasing the salaries
automating

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: automating

Q. A dc servo motor:
None of the above
uses a tachometer for speed feedback
All of the above
can provide precise position control
uses a variable dc voltage for speed control

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. For a type 0 system, the steady-state:
error for a step input is always zero
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
(a) and (c)
error for a velocity input is always zero
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: input for acceleration input is always non-zero

Q. Speech recognition:
is already widely used in industrial controls
All of the above
will never be used in industrial controls
will be used in more applications as the technology matures.
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will be used in more applications as the technology matures.

Q. What is the difference between integral and derivative control?
None of the above
derivative control responds to a change in the rate of change in the error signal
All of the above
integral control has slower response to an error signal.
derivative control does not eliminate offset error

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is a graphical output device?
Plotter
Line Printer
Dot-matrix Printer
Laser Printer
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Resolution in a CRT refers to:
the number of phosphor dots that react when hit by the electron beam
the number of addressable elements on the tube
the speed at which the monitor can accept data from the computer
None of the above
the number of pixels in each square centimeter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of addressable elements on the tube

Q. Which of the following devices could be part of a sensor?
None of the above
clutch.
brake
thermometer
relay

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: thermometer

Q. A favourable reason for automation is to:
None of the above
raises assembly cost
increase number of operations
perform difficult operations
decrease throughput

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: perform difficult operations

Q. Direct Numerical Control means:
using one computer to control several machines
using several computers to control one large machine
complete elimination of a need for a human operator.
eliminating computers from the manufacturing process
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: using one computer to control several machines

Q. One advantage of a PC in industrial control is that it:
None of the above
has a reliable long life compared to relay logic
is unreliable because there are no moving parts
All of the above
is very difficult for the inexperienced programmer to understand

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has a reliable long life compared to relay logic

Q. Which of the following is a machine language instruction?
ADD 5
10001101
GOTO XOUT
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10001101

Q. A flip-flop:
(a) and (c)
is a sequential logic device
remembers what was previously stored in it
None of the above
is a combinational logic device

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (a) and (c)

Q. The general CAD system was development by considering a wide range of possible uses of such a system.
Structural engineering design and Electronic circuit design
Animation and graphic design
All of the above
Mechanical engineering design
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. There are several procedures you can implement to provide maximum security. The most important of these is:
None of the above
do not leave training manuals unsecured
Verify the reputation of the people installing your system
do not allow unbonded service people to work on your equipment
run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: run regular simulated tests using TARP (testing of Applications Recovery Planes)

Q. Which method is frequently used, especially in the early stages of design?
The design selection method
The direct method
All of the above
None of the above
The iterative design method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. The greatest change as a result of CAD/CAM is taking place in which industry?
Aerospace
None of the above
Medical
Cartography
Electronics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Electronics

Q. The main function(s) of computer in CAD is/are
To serve as an extension to the memory of the designer
None of the above
To relieve the designer from routine repetitious tasks.
To enhance the analytical and logical power of the designer
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A common data base is one requisite for converting CAD and CAM to CIM. Another is that:
None of the above
technical assistance must be provided to the user.
the user must have access to both hardware and software
there should be a common 3-D part description system.
the system must make provision for new techniques.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: there should be a common 3-D part description system.

Q. Light sensors:
cannot be used a s limit switches.
never use infrared light as light source
work in direct sunlight
come in a wide variety of mounting styles
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: come in a wide variety of mounting styles

Q. A drum timer is a good example of:
an output actuator
a sequence controller
an input sensor
None of the above
a position sensor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a sequence controller

Q. Straight-line operations:
None of the above
must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system
can include diagonal cuts if they aren't curved
All of the above
must be limited to two per workpiece

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: must be parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system

Q. Localizing an object in an image and selectively analyzing the object in a series of redundant layers is referred to as the:
Turing test
Maxwell pyramid
None of the above
pyramid
Gaussian pyramid

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gaussian pyramid

Q. A common way to take x, y coordinates off a drawing is to use a
Direct view storage tube (DVST)
digitiser
light pen
None of the above
Tablet

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: digitiser

Q. Operator interaction directly with the CRT is accomplished via:
None of the above
a digitizing tablet
vector scanning
a touch terminal
a stylus

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a touch terminal

Q. Which part of the system allows the user to interact with the compiler? (a) Memory
None of the above
None of the above
Interpreter
Communications processor
Translator

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. A discrete parts process is:
often encountered in manufacturing
the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used
normally a repetitive series of operations
(b) and (c)
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the same as a continuous process except a different controller must be used

Q. Which document sums up the general provisions of purchase, terms and agreement, warranties, and maintenance?
None of the above
The financial report.
The contract
The project evaluation
The purchasing report

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The contract

Q. The chosen language for the Japanese Fifth-Generation Compu-ter Project is:
PROLOG
LISP
None of the above
FORTRAN
COBOL

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: PROLOG

Q. Which technique enables the designer to mold and shape, rather than construct on object using a series of lines?
Solid modeling
FEM (Finite Element Modeling)
Wire-frame modeling
None of the above
Surface modeling

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Solid modeling

Q. The parallel register:
is erased after a word is read fromit
None of the above
can store a multiple bit binary number
All of the above
uses R-S flip-flops

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can store a multiple bit binary number

Q. The refresh-vector CRT uses which of the following techniques?
None of the above
The beam constantly travels across the screen to turn on/off a series of pixels.
Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.
Uses an electron gun to continuously flood the surface of the tube.
Makes changes on the image by increasing the anode voltage.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Creates images on the screen by scanning straight-line vectors between selected points.

Q. Which method uses the design analysis as a method for effecting the design?
The iterative design method
All of the above
None of the above
The design selection method
The direct method

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The direct method

Q. Digital signals:
can have three possible levels
have a sinusoidal shape.
are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level
have a frequency measured in units of hertz
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: are assigned values of 1 or 0 depending on the voltage level

Q. The name given to the test that determines whether a machine can think is the:
Turing test
Boolean test
Gaussian test
None of the above
McCarthy test

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Turing test

Q. A display of a volume model that shows all of its edges is called a:
solid model
surface model
wire-frame
3-D model
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: wire-frame

Q. The insect type robot Attila is a more competent version of the robot Genghis an weights 1.7 kg. What is the number of microprocessors carried by its body?
10
33
15
18
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 10

Q. One of the following is not considered a method of input control in a CAD system.
Joystick
Plotter
None of the above
Touch terminal
Programmable function box

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Plotter

Q. Plotter accuracy is measured in terms of repeatability and:
vertical dimension
resolution
intelligence
None of the above
buffer size

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: resolution

Q. If the transient response of a system is overdamped:
None of the above
the value of the output never stabilizes.
the value of the output exceeds the value of the input at times during the transient period.
All of the above
the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the value of the output never exceeds the value of the input during the transient period.

Q. The program execution time:
All of the above
cannot be changed once the program is written
None of the above
will vary depending on the language used
must be slower than the fastest mechanical operation that is to be controlled

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will vary depending on the language used

Q. A programmable controller:
both (a) and (b)
All of the above
is easier to troubleshoot than standard relay logic
allows faster machine checkout
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (a) and (b)

Q. What was the name of the Japanese worker who was killed by an industrial robot at the Akashi plant of Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Japan?
Kenji Urada
M. Shubhagya
K. Miceni
None of the above
Harun Shimada

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Kenji Urada

Q. A thermistor:
has a voltage output
is a pressure sensing device
measures temperature
None of the above
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: measures temperature

Q. A typical NC system has which of the following components?
Controller
Tape input
Machine tool
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Timing using a TM990 micro-computer:
is available on the standard CPU board
require an external timer added by the user
can be handled in software
both (b) and (c)
None of the above.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both (b) and (c)

Q. If the period of a sine wave is 0.001 second, the frequency of the sine wave is:
0.001 Hz
None of the above
10,000 Hz
1,000 Hz
10 Hz

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1,000 Hz

Q. VLSI (very large scale integrated circuits) logic:
will not be available in this decade
All of the above
will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment
None of the above
means more costly electronic products in the future

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: will result in lower cost, higher capability electronic equipment

Q. A semi-continuous operation means:
None of the above
the operation is continuous each shift, but stops between shifts
each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.
coffee breaks are allowed for the operator
a computer is a required part of the machine

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: each operation in a sequence is continuous, but subsequent operations in the sequence may be different.

Q. Time proportioning control:
cannot use a TM990 micro
a and b above.
can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller
is less efficient than normal PID control
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: can be used on a PM550 programmable process controller

Q. A process controller:
None of the above
All of the above
can solve a PID process control equation easily
is useful in a continuous process control application
can interface to digital and analog I/O

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following is not critical in PC CAD software?
Drawing/editing
None of the above
Damping
Layering
Crosshatching

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Damping

Q. An up/down counter used in a TI510PC has three inputs. Which of the following is not one of them?
Count down
Count up
None of the above
Reset.
Count out

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Count out

Q. The "walk-through" method of programming a robot involves:
moving the robot from one location to another
walking through your suggested procedure with your supervisor prior to programming
None of the above
All of the above.
physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: physically moving the robot through all the motions it is to repeat

Q. Group technology brings together and organizes:
documentation and analysis
None of the above
common parts, problems, and tasks
automation and tool production
parts and simulation analysis

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: common parts, problems, and tasks

Q. Robots can increase productivity because:
None of the above
All of the above
production quality is uniform
they do not take a vacation
they do not get tired

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In the PROLOG language system, facts are manipulated by:
None of the above
memory
algorithms
rules
simulations

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: rules

Q. The general type of process found in industry is:
batch
continuous
All of the above
None of the above
discrete parts

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Three different aspects of colour are used to define specific colours. They are hue, saturation, and:
shading
value
metamer
None of the above
gray scale

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: value

Q. For a type 2 system, the steady-state:
input for acceleration input is always non-zero
None of the above
error for a velocity input is always zero
All of the above
error for a step input is always zero

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. In pen plotters, "resolution" refers to the shortest possible line, but in electrostatic plotters it refers to:
how accurately the plotter returns to a specific point
the speed per inch
None of the above
dual-axis tracking
the number of dots per inch

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the number of dots per inch

Q. Most continuous control actuators:
are used with standard continuous control loop
use a 4 to 20 mA current loop input
are of the time proportioning type
None of the above
(b) and (c) above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: (b) and (c) above

Q. CAD/CAM is the inter-relationship between:
engineering and marketing
manufacturing and marketing
engineering and manufacturing
marketing and design
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: engineering and manufacturing

Q. Relay ladder logic is used in a PC because:
most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use
None of the above
All of the above
it is impossible to write a control program for a machine in any other logic
it is the best industrial control language ever developed.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: most industrial control personnel are familiar with relay ladder logic diagrams and this is the easiest for them to use

Q. The program counter:
is where arithmetic is done in a computer.
counts the number of instructions that have been executed
decides which program to run
None of the above
contains the address of the next instruction to be executed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: contains the address of the next instruction to be executed

Q. Today's engineers feel that the ultimate solution to the CAD/CAM problem will be
development of a more efficient display controller
turnkey systems
Animation
the microprocessor
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the microprocessor

Q. The reliability life cycle of a product:
has three distinct rates of failure
None of the above
All of the above
stays constant with environmental conditions
cannot be predicted

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: has three distinct rates of failure

Q. The method of solid modeling that defines the topology of faces, edges, and vertics, as well as data that defines the surface in which each face lies is called:
boundary representation
layering
constructive solid geometry
None of the above
isometric

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: boundary representation

Q. Which device does the general population associate most with automation?
Robots
None of the above
Flexible manufacturing
Numerical control machine
Computer graphics workstation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Robots

Q. Which industry is the leading user of robots?
None of the above
Chemical industry
Shipping industry
Automobile industry
Electronic industry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Automobile industry

Q. Which of the following method is used the results of a design analysis as a base for redesign decisions?
The design selection method
None of the above
The iterative design method
The direct method
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The iterative design method

Q. Which of the following are kinds of instructions?
Arithmetic
None of the above
All of the above
Conditional branching
Input

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. A sequence controller:
is difficult to program
None of the above
is no longer in widespread use
is a mechanical only controller
performs on/off control functions in relation to time.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: performs on/off control functions in relation to time.

Q. What is required to enable the PC to emulate a graphics terminal?
A laser printer
A graphics board
None of the above
A color monitor
Software

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Software

Q. Which CAD display configurability allows work without any host support?
Highly intelligent
Medium intelligence
One with no secondary storage capacity.
Low intelligence
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Highly intelligent

Q. The formula for memory capacity is:
MC = N squared.
MC = N/2
None of the above
MC = 2/N
MC -2 to the Nth power

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: MC -2 to the Nth power

Q. The accuracy of a pick-and-place robot can be as good as:
+ 0.05 inches
None of the above
0.008 inches
+ 0.0005 inches
3%

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: + 0.0005 inches

Q. A disadvantage of Numerical Control (NC) is:
the machine tool can easily overheat
one operator is needed for each machine.
the computer is not reliable
None of the above
the tape and tape reader are not reliable

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the tape and tape reader are not reliable

Q. Four basic elements are required for an automated machine tool or production process. They are: input interface, memory, output interface and:
logic
software
computer graphics workstation
NC tape programming
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: logic

Q. Digitizers can be converted from "dumb" to "smart" through the addition of:
None of the above
a microprocessor
keyboard
an electromagnetic coupling
a scanner

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a microprocessor

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