Here is the completely updated `question.php`.
I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages.
Replace your entire `question.php` with this:
```php
Pre-Partition India Questions
Babur founded the Mughal Empire after defeating Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
Q.
The First Battle of Panipat was fought in which year?
1556
1526
1600
1500
Explanation:
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526, establishing Mughal rule in India.
Q.
Babur was a descendant of which two conquerors?
Timur and Genghis Khan
Akbar and Sher Shah
Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah
Alexander and Darius
Explanation:
Babur was a descendant of Timur (Tamerlane) on his father's side and Genghis Khan on his mother's side.
Q.
Which Mughal emperor was known as 'Humayun the Fortunate' after regaining his empire?
Akbar
Jahangir
Babur
Humayun
Explanation:
Humayun lost his empire to Sher Shah Suri but regained it in 1555 with Safavid help before dying in 1556.
Q.
The Second Battle of Panipat (1556) was fought between Akbar and:
Rana Sanga
Ibrahim Lodi
Sher Shah Suri
Hemu
Explanation:
Akbar's forces under Bairam Khan defeated Hemu, a general of the Sur dynasty, at the Second Battle of Panipat.
Q.
Which Mughal emperor is known as 'Akbar the Great' and ruled from 1556 to 1605?
Aurangzeb
Jahangir
Akbar
Shah Jahan
Explanation:
Akbar ruled for nearly 50 years and is considered the greatest Mughal emperor for his administrative, military, and cultural achievements.
Q.
Akbar's policy of religious tolerance was called:
Sharia
Din-i-Ilahi (and Sulh-e-Kul)
Jizya
Khilafat
Explanation:
Akbar promoted 'Sulh-e-Kul' (universal peace) and founded the Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretic faith blending elements of Islam, Hinduism, and other religions.
Q.
Which famous Mughal monument was built by Akbar at Sikandra?
Akbar's Tomb at Sikandra
Fatehpur Sikri Palace
Red Fort
Taj Mahal
Explanation:
Akbar's tomb is located at Sikandra near Agra, built during his reign and completed by Jahangir.
Q.
Akbar built the new capital city of Fatehpur Sikri in honor of which Sufi saint?
Baba Farid
Sheikh Salim Chishti
Moinuddin Chishti
Nizamuddin Auliya
Explanation:
Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri near the shrine of Sheikh Salim Chishti, who predicted the birth of Akbar's son Jahangir.
Q.
Which Mughal emperor was known as 'Jahangir' (World-Seizer) and ruled from 1605 to 1627?
Shah Jahan
Jahangir
Aurangzeb
Akbar
Explanation:
Jahangir (Salim) ruled from 1605 to 1627 and was known for his 'Chain of Justice' and cultural patronage.
Q.
Nur Jahan, the powerful Mughal empress, was the wife of which emperor?
Aurangzeb
Jahangir
Akbar
Shah Jahan
Explanation:
Nur Jahan was the favorite wife of Jahangir and wielded significant political power during his reign.
Q.
Which Mughal emperor built the Taj Mahal?
Shah Jahan
Akbar
Jahangir
Aurangzeb
Explanation:
Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal (1632–1653) in Agra as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Q.
Shah Jahan built the Red Fort in which city?
Fatehpur Sikri
Lahore
Delhi
Agra
Explanation:
Shah Jahan built the Red Fort (Lal Qila) in Delhi between 1639 and 1648, shifting the Mughal capital from Agra to Delhi.
Q.
Shah Jahan built the Badshahi Mosque in which city?
Delhi
Lahore
Multan
Agra
Explanation:
Shah Jahan built the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore in 1673, one of the largest mosques in the world.
Q.
Which Mughal emperor ruled from 1658 to 1707 and was known for his strict Islamic policies?
Jahangir
Aurangzeb
Bahadur Shah I
Shah Jahan
Explanation:
Aurangzeb ruled for 49 years, expanding the empire to its greatest extent and enforcing strict Islamic law.
Q.
Aurangzeb reimposed which tax on non-Muslims in 1679?
Khums
Zakat
Ushr
Jizya
Explanation:
Aurangzeb reimposed the Jizya (poll tax) on non-Muslims in 1679, reversing Akbar's policy of tolerance.
Q.
Which Sikh leader fought against the Mughal Empire and founded the Khalsa in 1699?
Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Arjan Dev
Guru Tegh Bahadur
Guru Nanak
Explanation:
Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa in 1699 and fought against Aurangzeb's forces.
Q.
The Mughal Empire began to decline after the death of which emperor in 1707?
Shah Jahan
Jahangir
Aurangzeb
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Explanation:
Aurangzeb's death in 1707 marked the beginning of Mughal decline, with weak successors and rising regional powers.
Q.
Nadir Shah invaded India in 1739 and defeated which Mughal emperor?
Bahadur Shah I
Muhammad Shah
Aurangzeb
Shah Alam II
Explanation:
Nadir Shah defeated Muhammad Shah at the Battle of Karnal (1739) and sacked Delhi, taking the Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor diamond.
Q.
Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas at which battle in 1761?
First Battle of Panipat
Battle of Plassey
Battle of Buxar
Third Battle of Panipat
Explanation:
Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, preventing Maratha dominance over North India.
Q.
The Battle of Plassey was fought in which year?
1757
1764
1776
1707
Explanation:
The Battle of Plassey (1757) saw the British East India Company under Robert Clive defeat Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal.
Q.
Who commanded the British forces at the Battle of Plassey?
Warren Wellesley
Lord Cornwallis
Robert Clive
Warren Hastings
Explanation:
Robert Clive led the British East India Company forces at Plassey, defeating Siraj-ud-Daulah.
Q.
Who was the Nawab of Bengal defeated at the Battle of Plassey?
Siraj-ud-Daulah
Mir Qasim
Mir Jafar
Ali Vardi Khan
Explanation:
Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal who was defeated by the British at Plassey in 1757.
Q.
The Battle of Buxar was fought in which year?
1764
1770
1780
1757
Explanation:
The Battle of Buxar (1764) solidified British power in Northern India after defeating the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Shah Alam II.
Q.
The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765 between the British and:
Mir Jafar
Siraj-ud-Daulah
Shah Alam II
Tipu Sultan
Explanation:
The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) was signed between Robert Clive and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, granting the EIC the Diwani (revenue rights) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
Q.
The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was introduced in 1793 by:
Robert Clive
Warren Hastings
Lord Cornwallis
Lord Wellesley
Explanation:
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in 1793, fixing land revenue with zamindars permanently.
Q.
The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by which Governor-General?
Lord Dalhousie
Lord Cornwallis
Lord Canning
Lord Wellesley
Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse (1848–1856), annexing princely states with no natural heir.
Q.
Which princely state was annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1856, triggering resentment?
Sindh
Punjab
Mysore
Awadh (Oudh)
Explanation:
Awadh (Oudh) was annexed in 1856 by Lord Dalhousie, an act that deeply angered its Muslim nobility and sepoys.
Q.
Punjab was annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Sikh War in which year?
1845
1839
1849
1857
Explanation:
Punjab was annexed in 1849 after the Second Anglo-Sikh War, ending Sikh rule in the region.
Q.
Sindh was annexed by the British in which year?
1849
1857
1839
1843
Explanation:
Sindh was annexed in 1843 after the Battle of Miani, when Sir Charles Napier defeated the Talpur rulers.
Q.
Who led the British conquest of Sindh in 1843?
Sir Charles Napier
Lord Cornwallis
Lord Dalhousie
Robert Clive
Explanation:
Sir Charles Napier led the British conquest of Sindh, defeating the Talpur Mirs at Miani and Dubbo.
Q.
The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought in which years?
1839–1840
1848–1849
1855–1856
1845–1846
Explanation:
The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between 1845 and 1846, ending with the Treaty of Lahore.
Q.
The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought in which years?
1857–1858
1845–1846
1878–1880
1839–1842
Explanation:
The First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) ended in a disastrous British retreat from Kabul.
Q.
The Durand Line was demarcated in which year, defining the border between Afghanistan and British India?
1901
1893
1857
1876
Explanation:
The Durand Line was demarcated in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand, defining the Afghanistan-British India border.
Q.
Who demarcated the Durand Line in 1893?
Lord Dalhousie
Lord Curzon
Sir Charles Napier
Sir Mortimer Durand
Explanation:
Sir Mortimer Durand, Foreign Secretary of British India, demarcated the line with Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.
Q.
The Indian National Congress was founded in which year?
1875
1885
1857
1906
Explanation:
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume and Indian leaders, marking the start of organized nationalist politics.
Q.
Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
A.O. Hume
Dadabhai Naoroji
Jawaharlal Nehru
Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation:
Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, founded the Congress with Indian leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and W.C. Bonnerjee.
Q.
The first President of the Indian National Congress was:
Badruddin Tyabji
Surendranath Banerjee
Dadabhai Naoroji
W.C. Bonnerjee
Explanation:
W.C. Bonnerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Q.
The Urdu-Hindi controversy of 1867 centered on the demand to replace Urdu with Hindi in which region?
Punjab
Bombay
North-Western Provinces
Bengal
Explanation:
Hindu groups demanded Hindi replace Urdu as the official language in the North-Western Provinces (now UP), triggering Muslim opposition.
Q.
The Deoband Movement was founded in 1866 by:
Maulana Qasim Nanotvi
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Shah Waliullah
Maulana Muhammad Ali
Explanation:
The Deoband Movement was founded in 1866 by Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi and Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi to promote Islamic education and revival.
Q.
The Nadwa-tul-Ulema was founded at Lucknow in which year?
1866
1894
1906
1875
Explanation:
Nadwa-tul-Ulema was founded in 1894 at Lucknow by Maulana Muhammad Ali Mongiri as a moderate Islamic educational institution bridging Deoband and Aligarh.
Q.
The Brahmo Samaj was founded in 1828 by:
Dayananda Saraswati
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Swami Vivekananda
Explanation:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828, a Hindu reform movement opposing idol worship and promoting monotheism.
Q.
The Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 by:
Annie Besant
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Swami Vivekananda
Explanation:
Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, advocating 'Back to the Vedas' and Hindu revivalism.
Q.
The Shuddhi and Sangathan movements were associated with:
Sikh revivalism
Hindu revivalism (Arya Samaj)
Christian revivalism
Muslim revivalism
Explanation:
The Shuddhi (purification) and Sangathan (organization) movements were Hindu revivalist campaigns by the Arya Samaj that contributed to communal tensions in the 1920s.
Q.
The Darul Uloom Deoband was established in which year?
1857
1875
1866
1894
Explanation:
Darul Uloom Deoband was established in 1866, becoming a leading center of Islamic learning and a base for the Deoband movement.
Q.
Which Muslim reformer founded the Ahmadiyya movement in 1889?
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Shah Waliullah
Maulana Muhammad Ali
Explanation:
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the Ahmadiyya movement in 1889 in Qadian, Punjab.
Q.
The Indian Press Act was passed in which year, restricting press freedom?
1919
1867
1900
1910
Explanation:
The Indian Press Act (1910) allowed the government to seize presses and cancel registrations, tightening control over nationalist newspapers.
Q.
The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 by which Viceroy?
Lord Lytton
Lord Canning
Lord Ripon
Lord Curzon
Explanation:
Lord Lytton passed the Vernacular Press Act (1878), restricting Indian-language newspapers to suppress nationalist criticism.
Q.
The Ilbert Bill controversy of 1883 was about:
Indian judges trying European offenders
Partition of Bengal
Press censorship
Land revenue reforms
Explanation:
The Ilbert Bill proposed allowing Indian judges to try European offenders — a move fiercely opposed by the British community, exposing racial discrimination.
Q.
Shah Waliullah (1703–1762) is best known for:
Writing the Nehru Report
Reviving Islamic scholarship and resisting Maratha power
Founding the Muslim League
Coining the word Pakistan
Explanation:
Shah Waliullah was a major Islamic reformer who translated the Quran into Persian, revived Islamic scholarship, and called for Muslim political resistance against the Marathas.
Q.
Shah Waliullah wrote which famous letter to Ahmad Shah Abdali inviting him to invade India?
The Aligarh Manifesto
The Fatawa-e-Alamgiri
The letter to Ahmad Shah Abdali
The Fourteen Points
Explanation:
Shah Waliullah wrote to Ahmad Shah Abdali inviting him to invade India and defeat the Marathas, which Abdali did at Panipat (1761).
Q.
The Jihad Movement of Syed Ahmad Shaheed was launched in which year?
1761
1803
1826
1857
Explanation:
Syed Ahmad Shaheed (Barelvi) launched the Jihad Movement in 1826, aimed at liberating Punjab and the Frontier from Sikh rule.
Q.
Syed Ahmad Shaheed was martyred at which battle in 1831?
Battle of Plassey
Battle of Miani
Battle of Balakot
Battle of Panipat
Explanation:
Syed Ahmad Shaheed was martyred at the Battle of Balakot (1831) fighting Sikh forces.
Q.
Who was known as the 'Tiger of Mysore' and fought four Anglo-Mysore Wars against the British?
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Hyder Ali
Shah Waliullah
Tipu Sultan
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan (1751–1799), the 'Tiger of Mysore', fought the British in four Anglo-Mysore Wars and died defending Seringapatam in 1799.
Q.
Tipu Sultan died defending his capital in which year?
1799
1757
1803
1782
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan was killed in 1799 while defending Seringapatam against the British in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
Q.
Tipu Sultan's father was:
Mir Jafar
Shah Waliullah
Hyder Ali
Siraj-ud-Daulah
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan was the son of Hyder Ali, who rose from a soldier to become the ruler of Mysore.
Q.
Tipu Sultan was known as the 'Tiger of Mysore' because:
He was a wildlife conservationist
He kept tigers as pets
Of his fierce resistance against the British
He was born in a tiger's den
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan earned the title for his fierce resistance against the British, and his famous quote: 'It is better to live one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep.'
Q.
Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal during which battle?
Battle of Miani
Battle of Buxar
Battle of Panipat
Battle of Plassey
Explanation:
Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal defeated by the British at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
Q.
Mir Jafar is remembered in Pakistani history primarily as:
A traitor who helped the British at Plassey
A Sufi saint
A Mughal emperor
A Mughal general
Explanation:
Mir Jafar betrayed Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey and became a British puppet Nawab — his name became synonymous with treachery.
Q.
The Black Hole of Calcutta incident is associated with which Nawab?
Siraj-ud-Daulah
Mir Qasim
Tipu Sultan
Mir Jafar
Explanation:
The 'Black Hole of Calcutta' (1756) — British prisoners allegedly suffocated in a small cell — was blamed on Siraj-ud-Daulah and used to justify British retaliation.
Q.
Haji Shariatullah founded which reform movement among Bengali Muslims?
Deoband Movement
Aligarh Movement
Faraizi Movement
Khilafat Movement
Explanation:
Haji Shariatullah founded the Faraizi Movement in Bengal in the early 19th century, emphasizing obligatory Islamic duties (faraiz).
Q.
Titu Mir led a peasant uprising against which community in Bengal?
Maratha rulers
Sikh rulers
Mughal emperors
Hindu zamindars and the British
Explanation:
Titu Mir (Syed Nisar Ali) led a peasant uprising (1831) against Hindu zamindars and the British in Bengal.
Q.
The Faraizi Movement was later led by:
Shah Waliullah
Titu Mir
Dudu Mian
Syed Ahmad Shaheed
Explanation:
After Haji Shariatullah, his son Dudu Mian led the Faraizi Movement, expanding it into a peasant movement.
Q.
Shah Waliullah's most important contribution to Islamic scholarship was:
Writing the Nehru Report
Translating the Quran into Persian
Founding the Muslim League
Founding Aligarh College
Explanation:
Shah Waliullah translated the Quran into Persian and wrote extensively on Islamic theology, jurisprudence, and reform.
Q.
The Battle of Miani (1843) resulted in the British annexation of:
Bengal
Awadh
Punjab
Sindh
Explanation:
The Battle of Miani (February 17, 1843) led to the British annexation of Sindh after defeating the Talpur Mirs.
Q.
The Battle of Chillianwala (1849) was fought between the British and:
Afghans
Sikh forces
Marathas
Mughals
Explanation:
The Battle of Chillianwala (January 13, 1849) was fought between the British and Sikh forces during the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Q.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled which empire from 1799 to 1839?
Mysore Empire
Maratha Empire
Sikh Empire
Mughal Empire
Explanation:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled the Sikh Empire from 1799 to 1839, with its capital at Lahore.
Q.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's capital was:
Multan
Lahore
Peshawar
Amritsar
Explanation:
Lahore was the capital of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Sikh Empire.
Q.
The Treaty of Lahore was signed in which year, ending the First Anglo-Sikh War?
1849
1846
1857
1843
Explanation:
The Treaty of Lahore (1846) ended the First Anglo-Sikh War and ceded Kashmir to the British (later sold to Gulab Singh).
Q.
Kashmir was sold to which ruler under the Treaty of Amritsar (1846)?
Maharaja Hari Singh
Maharaja Gulab Singh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Duleep Singh
Explanation:
Under the Treaty of Amritsar (1846), the British sold Kashmir to Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu for 7.5 million rupees.
Q.
The War of Independence 1857 was sparked by the introduction of which rifle cartridge?
Enfield rifle cartridge
Brown Bess musket
Martini-Henry rifle
Lee-Metford rifle
Explanation:
The Enfield rifle cartridge, greased with cow and pig fat, offended both Hindus and Muslims and triggered the 1857 uprising.
Q.
The 1857 uprising began at which military cantonment?
Meerut
Kanpur
Lucknow
Delhi
Explanation:
The uprising began at Meerut on May 10, 1857, when sepoys revolted against the British.
Q.
Bakht Khan led the 1857 uprising in which city?
Lucknow
Meerut
Delhi
Kanpur
Explanation:
Bakht Khan led the rebels in Delhi during the 1857 uprising, serving as commander-in-chief under Bahadur Shah Zafar.
Q.
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi was a key figure in which event?
Khilafat Movement
War of Independence 1857
Battle of Plassey
Battle of Panipat
Explanation:
Rani Lakshmibai was a key leader of the 1857 War of Independence, fighting the British in Jhansi.
Q.
Nana Sahib led the 1857 uprising at which city?
Delhi
Meerut
Lucknow
Kanpur
Explanation:
Nana Sahib led the rebels at Kanpur (Cawnpore) during the 1857 uprising.
Q.
Begum Hazrat Mahal led the 1857 uprising in which city?
Lucknow
Meerut
Delhi
Kanpur
Explanation:
Begum Hazrat Mahal led the rebels in Lucknow (Awadh) during the 1857 uprising.
Q.
Which British general recaptured Delhi in September 1857?
Robert Clive
Lord Cornwallis
John Nicholson
Charles Napier
Explanation:
General John Nicholson and later Brigadier James Neill led British forces that recaptured Delhi in September 1857.
Q.
The British government formally took over India from the East India Company in which year?
1860
1858
1857
1861
Explanation:
The Government of India Act 1858 transferred India from the East India Company to the British Crown.
Q.
The first Viceroy of India after 1858 was:
Lord Curzon
Lord Dalhousie
Lord Ripon
Lord Canning
Explanation:
Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India under Crown rule (1858–1862).
Q.
The Aligarh Movement is associated with:
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Shah Waliullah
Maulana Qasim Nanotvi
Explanation:
The Aligarh Movement, led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, focused on modern education, social reform, and reconciliation with the British.
Q.
Sir Syed advised Muslims to adopt which language and education system?
Arabic and Islamic education only
English and modern sciences
Persian and traditional madrasa education
Urdu only
Explanation:
Sir Syed advised Muslims to learn English and modern sciences to compete with Hindus and gain government employment.
Q.
The Deoband Movement emphasized:
Support for the Congress
English education and British loyalty
Traditional Islamic education and self-reliance
Hindu-Muslim unity only
Explanation:
The Deoband Movement focused on traditional Islamic education, Quranic studies, and self-reliance, avoiding British government aid.
Q.
Nadwa-tul-Ulema at Lucknow aimed to:
Support the British government
Promote Hindi over Urdu
Combine Islamic and modern education
Reject all modern sciences
Explanation:
Nadwa-tul-Ulema (1894) aimed to bridge the gap between Deoband's traditionalism and Aligarh's modernism by combining Islamic and modern education.
Q.
The Ahmadiyya movement was founded in:
Aligarh, UP
Qadian, Punjab
Lahore, Punjab
Deoband, UP
Explanation:
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the Ahmadiyya movement in 1889 in Qadian, Punjab.
Q.
The Aligarh Movement's journal 'Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq' was founded in:
1870
1886
1866
1875
Explanation:
Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq was founded in 1870 by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to promote social reform and rational thinking.
Q.
The Scientific Society was moved to Aligarh in which year?
1870
1864
1875
1866
Explanation:
The Scientific Society was founded at Ghazipur in 1864 and moved to Aligarh in 1866, becoming the Aligarh Institute.
Q.
Which Muslim reformer first proposed the idea of 'Pakistan' as a separate Muslim state?
Choudhry Rahmat Ali
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Allama Iqbal
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation:
Choudhry Rahmat Ali coined the name 'Pakistan' in his 1933 pamphlet 'Now or Never', proposing a separate Muslim state.
Q.
Choudhry Rahmat Ali's 1933 pamphlet proposing 'Pakistan' was titled:
The Pakistan Manifesto
Now or Never
The Two-Nation Theory
A Separate Homeland
Explanation:
Choudhry Rahmat Ali's 1933 pamphlet was 'Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?' — coining the term 'Pakstan' (later Pakistan).
Q.
The word 'Pakistan' as coined by Rahmat Ali referred to which regions?
Punjab, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Sindh, Turkey
Punjab, Assam, Kashmir, Sindh, Baluchistan
Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, Baluchistan
Persia, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Sindh, Baluchistan
Explanation:
'Pakistan' was an acronym: P for Punjab, A for Afghania (NWFP), K for Kashmir, S for Sindh, and 'tan' for Baluchistan.
Q.
The Two-Nation Theory was first clearly articulated by:
Choudhry Rahmat Ali
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Allama Iqbal
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Explanation:
The Two-Nation Theory — that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations — was first clearly articulated by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in his 1867 Banaras speech.
Q.
Allama Iqbal presented the idea of a separate Muslim state in his 1930 Allahabad address as President of the:
Indian National Congress
Aligarh Students Union
Muslim League
Muhammadan Educational Conference
Explanation:
Allama Iqbal presented the idea of a separate Muslim state in his 1930 Allahabad address as President of the Muslim League's annual session.
Q.
The Muslim League's 1930 annual session, where Iqbal presented his idea, was held at:
Allahabad
Lahore
Delhi
Aligarh
Explanation:
The 1930 annual session was held at Allahabad, where Iqbal presented his vision of a separate Muslim state in North-West India.
Q.
The Government of India Act 1919 is also known as:
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Cripps Reforms
Simon Reforms
Minto-Morley Reforms
Explanation:
The Government of India Act 1919 is known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introducing dyarchy in provinces.
Q.
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 was officially called:
Defence of India Act
Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act
Public Safety Act
Press Regulation Act
Explanation:
The Rowlatt Act's official name was the 'Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act 1919', allowing detention without trial.
Q.
The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms introduced which system in provinces?
Provincial autonomy
Dyarchy
Federalism
Presidential rule
Explanation:
The 1919 Reforms introduced 'dyarchy' — dividing provincial subjects into 'transferred' (administered by Indian ministers) and 'reserved' (administered by the Governor).