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Indus Valley Civilization Questions
Daya Ram Sahni discovered Harappa in 1921 under the Archaeological Survey of India.
Q.
Mohenjo-daro was discovered in which year?
1921
1922
1930
1924
Explanation:
R.D. Banerji discovered Mohenjo-daro in 1922 in Larkana district, Sindh.
Q.
Who led the excavations of Mohenjo-daro in the 1920s?
Daya Ram Sahni
John Marshall
R.D. Banerji
Mortimer Wheeler
Explanation:
John Marshall, Director-General of the ASI, directed the Mohenjo-daro excavations in the 1920s.
Q.
Indus Valley Civilization is also known as:
Aryan Civilization
Dravidian Civilization
Rigvedic Civilization
Harappan Civilization
Explanation:
It is also called the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first site discovered.
Q.
Mohenjo-daro is located in which present-day province?
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Sindh
Balochistan
Punjab
Explanation:
Mohenjo-daro is in Sindh, near Larkana, on the right bank of the Indus.
Q.
Harappa is located in which present-day district?
Bahawalpur
Multan
Sahiwal
Larkana
Explanation:
Harappa is in the Sahiwal district of Punjab, Pakistan, on the bank of the Ravi.
Q.
The Great Bath is a famous structure found at:
Mohenjo-daro
Harappa
Lothal
Kalibangan
Explanation:
The Great Bath is a large public water tank found at Mohenjo-daro, likely used for ritual bathing.
Q.
The IVC cities were notable for their:
Iron tools
Monumental statues
Pyramidal temples
Grid-pattern streets and planned drainage
Explanation:
The IVC had grid-pattern streets, planned drainage, standardised bricks, and evidence of municipal planning.
Q.
The typical bricks used in IVC construction were:
Iron-reinforced concrete
Mud bricks only
Standardised burnt bricks in 1:2:4 ratio
Stone blocks
Explanation:
The IVC used standardised burnt bricks with a 1:2:4 proportion (thickness:width:length), highly uniform across sites.
Q.
The most famous IVC artefact, showing a male figure seated in a yogic posture, is the:
Priest-King Statue
Dancing Girl
Pashupati Seal
Bull Seal
Explanation:
The 'Pashupati Seal' depicts a seated figure with a horned headdress surrounded by animals — often identified as a proto-Shiva.
Q.
The famous bronze 'Dancing Girl' figurine was found at:
Dholavira
Lothal
Harappa
Mohenjo-daro
Explanation:
The Dancing Girl is a bronze figurine discovered at Mohenjo-daro in 1926.
Q.
The IVC script:
Is a form of Sanskrit
Remains undeciphered
Uses an alphabet like Phoenician
Was deciphered in 1924
Explanation:
The Indus script remains undeciphered and is preserved mostly on seals and pottery.
Q.
IVC seals were primarily used for:
Religious offerings only
Coinage
Writing literature
Trade and administrative sealing
Explanation:
Seals were likely used for trade, identification of merchants, and administrative sealing.
Q.
The most commonly depicted animal on IVC seals is:
Horse
Humped bull
Elephant
Lion
Explanation:
The humped bull (zebu) is the most common animal depicted on Indus seals.
Q.
Which animal is notably ABSENT from IVC seals, suggesting no horse use?
Tiger
Buffalo
Horse
Elephant
Explanation:
The horse is conspicuously absent from IVC art and seals — likely introduced by the Aryans later.
Q.
Lothal is a notable IVC site in present-day:
Sindh, Pakistan
Gujarat, India
Balochistan, Pakistan
Punjab, Pakistan
Explanation:
Lothal is in Gujarat, India, and famous for its dockyard and bead-making industry.
Q.
Lothal is famous for its:
Granary
Great Bath
Stadium
Ancient dockyard
Explanation:
Lothal has an ancient dockyard and evidence of bead manufacturing, indicating maritime trade.
Q.
Dholavira is a notable IVC site in which Indian state?
Punjab
Haryana
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Explanation:
Dholavira is in Kutch, Gujarat, famous for its water reservoirs and three-part city layout.
Q.
Kalibangan is an IVC site in which present-day Indian state?
Gujarat
Haryana
Rajasthan
Punjab
Explanation:
Kalibangan is in Rajasthan, India, known for evidence of ploughed fields.
Q.
Rakhigarhi, one of the largest IVC sites, is located in:
Haryana
Punjab
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Explanation:
Rakhigarhi is in Haryana, India, and has yielded major DNA evidence about IVC populations.
Q.
The IVC traded with which ancient civilization, as evidenced by seals?
Mesopotamia
China
Greece
Egypt only
Explanation:
Mesopotamian texts refer to trade with 'Meluhha' (likely the Indus), and Indus seals were found in Mesopotamian sites.
Q.
The IVC people were among the first to cultivate which crop?
Cotton
Maize
Rice
Potato
Explanation:
The IVC cultivated cotton — the first civilization known to produce cotton textiles.
Q.
The primary crops grown by IVC people included:
Wheat, barley, peas, and cotton
Rice and soybeans only
Coffee and tobacco
Maize and potato
Explanation:
Wheat, barley, peas, and cotton were the major crops; rice was grown in Gujarat.
Q.
The IVC is generally dated between:
500 BCE – 200 BCE
5000 BCE – 4000 BCE
1000 BCE – 500 BCE
2600 BCE – 1900 BCE
Explanation:
The Mature Harappan phase is dated approximately 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE, with earlier and later phases.
Q.
The early (pre-Mature) phase of IVC is seen at which site?
Lothal
Harappa
Mohenjo-daro
Mehrgarh
Explanation:
Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, shows the early phase (7000 BCE onward) with farming and early pottery.
Q.
Mehrgarh, one of the earliest Neolithic sites in South Asia, is located in:
Balochistan
Punjab
Sindh
Gujarat
Explanation:
Mehrgarh is on the Kachi plain of Balochistan, Pakistan, occupied from 7000 BCE.
Q.
The most widely accepted theory for the decline of the IVC is:
Only the Aryan invasion
Multiple factors (climate, rivers, migration)
Only a foreign invasion
Only a single earthquake
Explanation:
Multiple factors — climate change, drying of the Ghaggar-Hakra, floods, and possibly Aryan migration — likely contributed to decline.
Q.
The Ghaggar-Hakra river system, now dried up, is often identified with the:
Yamuna River
Brahmaputra River
Ganges River
Saraswati River
Explanation:
The Ghaggar-Hakra is often identified with the Saraswati River of the Rigveda.
Q.
The Great Granary, a large storage structure, was found at:
Mohenjo-daro
Dholavira
Lothal
Kalibangan
Explanation:
A massive granary has been excavated at Mohenjo-daro, and similar structures at Harappa — suggesting centralised grain storage.
Q.
The IVC people used weights based on which system?
Binary and decimal
Only binary
Base-60
Only decimal
Explanation:
IVC weights were based on a binary (1, 2, 4, 8, 16...) and decimal (1, 10, 100...) system — very advanced for its time.
Q.
Which metal was NOT known to the IVC people?
Gold
Copper
Iron
Bronze
Explanation:
Iron was not used in the IVC — it appeared later with the Vedic period. Copper, bronze, gold, and silver were used.
Q.
The famous 'Priest-King' statue, made of steatite, was found at:
Mohenjo-daro
Dholavira
Lothal
Harappa
Explanation:
The Priest-King statue (steatite) was found at Mohenjo-daro in 1927.
Q.
The IVC citadel and lower town division is characteristic of:
Only Lothal
Only Mohenjo-daro
Most major IVC cities
Only Harappa
Explanation:
Most IVC cities had an elevated citadel (west) and a lower town (east) — reflecting social or administrative stratification.
Q.
Which IVC site is famous for a large stadium or assembly hall?
Dholavira
Mohenjo-daro
Lothal
Harappa
Explanation:
Dholavira has a large open ground interpreted as a stadium or ceremonial assembly area.
Q.
The IVC burial practices show evidence of:
Mummification
Sky burial
Extended inhumation with grave goods
Cremation only
Explanation:
IVC burials include extended inhumation with grave goods; some sites (like Farmana) show symbolic burials without skeletons.
Q.
The 'Pashupati' seal is so named because it resembles which later Hindu deity?
Shiva
Krishna
Vishnu
Brahma
Explanation:
The seal's seated figure with a horned headdress surrounded by animals resembles depictions of Lord Shiva (Pashupati = Lord of Animals).
Q.
IVC trade goods included which ornament material valued in Mesopotamia?
Silk
Carnelian beads
Jade
Porcelain
Explanation:
Carnelian beads from the Indus were highly prized in Mesopotamia — the bead industry was a major export.
Q.
The 'Persian Gulf' type seals found at IVC sites indicate trade with:
China
Dilmun (Bahrain) and the Gulf
Egypt
Rome
Explanation:
Persian Gulf seals at IVC sites (especially Lothal) show direct trade with Dilmun (Bahrain) and the Gulf region.
Q.
The IVC people are believed to have worshipped:
Mother goddess, Pashupati-like figures, and sacred trees
Only one male god
Only fire
Only animals
Explanation:
Evidence suggests worship of a mother goddess, a Pashupati-like figure, and sacred trees and animals — possibly proto-Hindu elements.
Q.
Mohenjo-daro means:
City of the Gods
Hill of Gold
Land of Rivers
Mound of the Dead
Explanation:
'Mohenjo-daro' means 'Mound of the Dead' in Sindhi.
Q.
The IVC was primarily a:
Nomadic pastoral culture
Hunter-gatherer society
Maritime empire
Urban civilization
Explanation:
The IVC was an urban civilization — the earliest urban culture in South Asia.
Q.
Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were both:
Religious temples only
Small villages
Military forts
Major urban centres of the IVC
Explanation:
Both were major urban centres with citadels, granaries, drainage systems, and standardised bricks.
Q.
The main river associated with the IVC is:
Indus
Yamuna
Narmada
Ganges
Explanation:
The Indus River and its tributaries formed the core of the IVC, with cities along its banks.
Q.
One of the largest and most recent IVC excavations is at:
Lothal
Rakhigarhi
Kalibangan
Harappa
Explanation:
Rakhigarhi (Haryana) is among the largest IVC sites, with extensive DNA analysis published recently.
Q.
The IVC urban planning is notable for the ABSENCE of:
Drainage systems
Monumental palaces or royal tombs
Standardised bricks
Grid streets
Explanation:
Unlike Egypt and Mesopotamia, the IVC has no evidence of monumental palaces, pyramids, or royal tombs — suggesting a more egalitarian or oligarchic society.
Q.
Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were both designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in:
Neither
Both in 1980
Harappa in 1980
Mohenjo-daro in 1980
Explanation:
Mohenjo-daro was inscribed in 1980; Harappa is not a World Heritage Site but is under ASI protection.
Q.
The 'Aryan invasion theory' for IVC decline is now considered:
Universally accepted
The only theory considered
Proven beyond doubt
Largely outdated; migration theories preferred
Explanation:
The Aryan invasion theory is no longer accepted; migration and acculturation theories are favoured by most scholars.
Q.
The 'Dancing Girl' figurine is made of:
Gold
Terracotta
Steatite
Bronze
Explanation:
The Dancing Girl is a bronze figurine (lost-wax casting) found at Mohenjo-daro.
Q.
The IVC had trading links with which modern-day region?
Only China
Mesopotamia, Gulf, and Central Asia
Only South India
Only Europe
Explanation:
IVC trade networks extended to Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf, Central Asia (via Afghanistan), and possibly Egypt.