Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Mass Communication and Journalism Questions and Answers Questions
Q. Prior to independence, what was the status of princely states in India?
They were directly governed by the British Government of India
None of the above
The British Government held sovereignty over them
They had full independence from the British Government of India

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The British Government held sovereignty over them

Q. A Normative Theory combining aspects of libertarianism and social responsibility theory is
Pluralism
Eastern belief
Latin American value
Western concept

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Western concept

Q. Who was the chairman of the Draft Akash Bharti Bill, 1978?
I.D. Tiwari
V. Sharda Prasad
B.G. Verghese
B.I. Ram Mohan Rao

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: B.G. Verghese

Q. "The media mould the tastes and preferences of the audience." Do You agree with this statement?
No! People do not come out of the pace their mental inertia
No! Most of the people support or nurture those tastes and preferences that have gelled in their minds since their childhood years
Yes! Fully
Partially! Some people are receptive to the messages while some others are not. Tastes and preferences do change but according to the socio-economic conditions of the audience. Complete transformation of tastes is a fallacy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Partially! Some people are receptive to the messages while some others are not. Tastes and preferences do change but according to the socio-economic conditions of the audience. Complete transformation of tastes is a fallacy

Q. Find out the name of the Rishi who always carried 'Veena' with him.
Shukracharya
Narada
Kanwa
Durvasa

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Narada

Q. In which year the Supreme Court of India declared that 'the airwaves are the public property'?
1995
1994
1993
1992

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1995

Q. The Conditional Access System (CAS) allows the viewers to
cut down the costs of television viewing
none of these
select TV channels of their choice
interact with TV channels through the set-up boxes

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: select TV channels of their choice

Q. Digital Citizenshipis about
the safe and responsible teehnology usage norms
fluency in technical matters
The ability to decode, evaluate and create messages
effeetive use of the digital media tools

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the safe and responsible teehnology usage norms

Q. The first Indian language newspaper published in India which is still continuing was . . . . . . . .
The Bengali Gazette
Nav Bharat Times
Kannada Samachar
Mumbai Samachar

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Mumbai Samachar

Q. When were 24 hour programming, mass advertising and sponsored programmes introduced on TV?
During the 1970s
In the new millennium
During the 1980s
During the 1960s

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: During the 1970s

Q. When was colour TV transmission started in India'?
In 1979
In 1982
In 1980
In 1986

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In 1982

Q. Some popular programmes of Vividh Bharati which are still running are . . . . . . . .
Sangeet Sarita, Hawa Mahal, Jaimala, Chhaya Geet
All of the above
Sangeet Sarita, Hawa Mahal, Jaimala
Sangeet Sarita, Bhoole Bisre Geet, Chhaya Geet

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The daily newspaper New India was established by . . . . . . . .
BG Horniman
Phiroze Shah Mehta
S Sadanand
Mrs. Annie Besant

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Mrs. Annie Besant

Q. Which Act was formulated in 1952?
The Press Act
The Cinematography Act
The Right to Information Act
Prasar Bharti Act

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The Cinematography Act

Q. The Second Press Commission of India recommended the establishment of . . . . . . . .
Media Competition Commission
Newspaper Development Corporation
Press Council of India
National Media Training Institute

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Newspaper Development Corporation

Q. Why is the repetition of a message necessary?
Repeated advertisements create an image of the media in the minds of the targeted audience
The audience needs to be informed about the product, scenario or concept time and again, lest they should forget it altogether
Messages must be repeated, else what the advertising firms and TV/Radio stations would sit idle
Costs come down as the messages are sent through the same vehicle, it is a commercial decision

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The audience needs to be informed about the product, scenario or concept time and again, lest they should forget it altogether

Q. The Indian Institute of Mass Communication was established in
1965
1977
1978
1947

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1965

Q. Identify the true statement.
A faulty telephone line is a barrier to communication
Semantics is the technique of forming new words and phrases
The full form of CNN is California Network and News
The National Herald once belonged to the TOI group

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A faulty telephone line is a barrier to communication

Q. A journalist need not be . . . . . . . . while covering an event.
impartial
meticulous
inquisitive
domineering

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: domineering

Q. The forms of new media provide users
all of the above
more control over content
connections to traditional media
no influence over media decisions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: more control over content

Q. Which media would be ideal to attract the attention of children to sale chocolates to them?
TV (advertisements)
Leaflets
Newspapers
Radio

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: TV (advertisements)

Q. The Hindi-speaking population of Punjab in 1957 resisted the fact that . . . . . . . .
Punjabi was made the official state language and Gurumukhi the official script
Hindi was not made the state language
Chandigarh was designated as the state capital
Haryanvi was not made the state language

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Punjabi was made the official state language and Gurumukhi the official script

Q. The Schramm's model of communication introduces
encoder-decoder
transmitter
noise
signal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: encoder-decoder

Q. What are net sales in the parlance of book publishing?
None of these
The number of books or magazines available for sales
The number of books or magazines sold by one retailer or bookshop
The number of books or magazines printed by a publisher at one time

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The number of books or magazines printed by a publisher at one time

Q. Match the following.
a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3

Q. In which book does David Berlo propose his model of communication?
None of the above
Building communication theories
The process of communication
Introduction to mass media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The process of communication

Q. According to whom 'mass' exists only in the minds of elite?
Chaslton
Raymond Williams
James Lull
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. The power of media is described as
hard
harsh
soft
oppositional

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: soft

Q. To choose the news items for the newspaper and to correct the language, spelling and remove all the unimportant sentences are the functions of
none of these
writer
reporter
sub-editor

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sub-editor

Q. Who proposed the transactional model of communication?
David Berlo
Dean Barlund
Herbert
Karl Marx

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dean Barlund

Q. Formation of states in India based on the linguistic principle proved a success usually because . . . . . . . .
they provided an opportunity for Indian languages to grow independently
neither A nor B
their art and literature could be enriched with strong state support
both A and B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Which of the following country is a part of the security council?
Russia
Nepal
Japan
Germany

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Russia

Q. In which year was the Commercial Broadcasting Service of AIR was introduced?
In 1965
In 1966
In 1967
In 1968

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In 1967

Q. The Hindu concept of the 'Universe' is based on
Human existence
Relation between the living and the non-living elements
Dahrma
Cosmic man

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Cosmic man

Q. Idealistic culture presents
focus on rationality as central principle
sensations as a test of reality
the presence of supernatural beliefs
blend of A and B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: blend of A and B

Q. What was Abhinavagupta?
Author of the Natya Shastra
Critic of the Natya Shastra
The person who coined the word 'Sadharanikaran'
Both A and B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Critic of the Natya Shastra

Q. The cultural diversity can be strenghtened through globalisation by
educating all to be a productive member of the international community
allowing people to maintain their distinct set of beliefs, practices and values
providing the methods and funds to support the cultural groups
creations of knowledge communities

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: providing the methods and funds to support the cultural groups

Q. Whois the author of 'Saving the Media'?
Julia Cage
Desmond Tutu
Anil Dankar
Olivier Blanchard

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Julia Cage

Q. Two step flow model of media influence was given by
J. Willson
Me Coomf
Katz and Lazzafeld's
Shaw

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Katz and Lazzafeld's

Q. According to Bacon, . . . . . . . . and . . . . . . . . required by speakers to have a high degree of accountability.
study and performance of communication
ethics and morality
reason and morality
reason and logics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: reason and morality

Q. Normative theories differ from other theories of communication as they answer how the media
both A and B
none of these
'expected to'
'ought to'

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Critical theories of mass communication are . . . . . . . . in character.
iconi
symbolic
political
insignificant

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: political

Q. Reach and frequency of an advertisement is calculated by studying the targeted audience over a period of
6 weeks
4 months
4 weeks
3 months

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 4 weeks

Q. For Marxists, mass media, operates in
professional arena
religious arena
ideological arena
arena of plural values

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ideological arena

Q. According to Buddhism, language and communication should pave the way to
Harmony
Productivity
Liberation
Critical introspection

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Liberation

Q. With the introduction of broadcast TV programmes after 1945, how did broadcast radio meet the challenge?
FM Radio was introduced, which had high quality sound and was free from disturbances
None of the above
Radio started giving more music programmes
A large number of local Radio stations were established

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: FM Radio was introduced, which had high quality sound and was free from disturbances

Q. T.R.P. stands for
Physical Training Institute
Target Rating Point
Trade Recall Percentage
Physical Training Inspector

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Target Rating Point

Q. What is Adhan?
Sayings of Prophet Muhammad
Recorded financial transactions
A section in Quran
A tool of oral communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A tool of oral communication

Q. Agenda setting theory was introduced in
mathematical theory
the peoples choice
the public opinion quarterly
the process of communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the public opinion quarterly

Q. Which of the following is not a topic in Journalism?
Conveying information to the public
News and contemporary issues
Behavioural science
National and international issues

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Conveying information to the public

Q. Major source of revenue of newspaper is
Selling newspaper
Advertisements
None of the above
Subsidies

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Advertisements

Q. The reason for starting the first external broadcasts by Akashvani was . . . . . . . .
to counter Nazi propaganda directed at the Afghans
to gain popularity overseas
none of the above
to help the Allies to win the First World War

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to counter Nazi propaganda directed at the Afghans

Q. Which of the following is not a mass communication exercise?
A radio announcer gives news in brief at 10.00 am on the FM channel
A van moves about in a village and a PA system aboard the van tells the villagers about the risks of acquiring AIDS
An Internet web site use multimedia presentation techniques to promote RMCGS
A sales mans talks to his client over telephone and asks for payment

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A sales mans talks to his client over telephone and asks for payment

Q. The English newspaper that decided to drop the publication of editorials in 2010 was
The Hindu
The Times of India
DNA
The Evening News

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DNA

Q. Which country publishes maximum number of dailies in the world?
Japan
UK
India
USA

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: India

Q. If we understand both journalism and mass communication, we can transform society by
telling others what to do
both A and B
acting as a spokesperson for groups of people
neither A nor B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: acting as a spokesperson for groups of people

Q. What is a media plan?
An annexure of a media brief
A blueprint of execution schedule of an advertising campaign
A costing sheet for a media brief
Another name for an advertising campaign

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A blueprint of execution schedule of an advertising campaign

Q. Special correspondents are invariably
not keen to dabble into the fields of regional, national and global politics
highly educated journalists
well connected in the highest echelons of (political) power
told to write en economy industry and the basic sciences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: well connected in the highest echelons of (political) power

Q. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, the three Indian language dailies having the maximum circulation during the period January - June, 2018 were . . . . . . . .
Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and The Times of India
Malayala Manorama, Daily Thanthi and Amar Ujala
Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and Hindustan
Eenadu, Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and Hindustan

Q. ABC means
Audit Bureau of Circulation
Audit Bureau of Certificate
Advance Business Certificate
Advance Business Circulation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Audit Bureau of Circulation

Q. The MMS is a/an
audio media
visual media
audiovisual media
none of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: audiovisual media

Q. The term Press normally does not include
Journals
Newspapers
Magazines
Internet web sites

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Internet web sites

Q. Print media is primarily not used as a tool for
conducting marketing campaigns
advertising products and services
gathering news and information
none of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: none of the above

Q. Who proposed the ecological model of communication?
Ungurait and Bonn
David Fougler
Antonio Gramsci
Warren Weaver

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: David Fougler

Q. Under Section 8 (c) . . . . . . . . the Press Council of India started functioning as an appellate authority.
Prasar Bharti Act
None of the above
The Right to Information Act
PRB Act, 1867

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: PRB Act, 1867

Q. The Aristotelian model of communication does not include . . . . . . . . as a primary element in the communication process.
audienc
occasion
feedback
effect

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: feedback

Q. The . . . . . . . . . led the demand for a Marathi-speaking linguistic state.
None of the above
Maratha newspaper
Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti
Unnat Marathi Committee

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti

Q. Which of the following is not a result of globalisation of the Indian entertainment sector?
None of the above
the international media companies such as Walt Disney, 20 Century Fox started investing in this sector
revaluation of the traditional cultural ideology
Westernisation or the traditional culture

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Westernisation or the traditional culture

Q. The Second Press Commission of India did not favour a code of ethics that was . . . . . . . .
informal
substantial
formal
personal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: formal

Q. What does the book review correspondent do?
He only screens the books and picks up the that would be reviewed by another person
He reviews the books that are given to him for this purpose
He interacts with the authors of various books but does not review books
He organises the book review panel

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: He reviews the books that are given to him for this purpose

Q. Murphie and Potts criticise McLuhan's technological determinism for
the process of technological innovation is not addressed
technology does not operate only social change
both A and B
to be simplistic

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Which newspaper carried an advertisement in 1875 announcing presentation of a force named "Lamentations of Bharat Mata with her Children"?
Kesari
The Tribune
Amrit Bazar Patrika
The Times of India

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrit Bazar Patrika

Q. Who among the following persisted in improving modernization model of development using the mass media?
Daniel Lerner
Wilbur Schsamn
All of the above
Lucian Pye

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the launch of the following newspapers.
Bombay Samachar, Bombay Courier, Bombay Darpan, Bengal Gazette
Bombay Darpan, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Courier, Bengal Gazette
Bengal Gazette, Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan
Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan, Bengal Gazette

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Bengal Gazette, Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan

Q. Identify the correct pair.
All of the above
Marshall McLuhan ? Global village
Berlomodel ? Transmitter
Schramm ? Linear model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Marshall McLuhan ? Global village

Q. Electronic media is the most preferred medium around the world because . . . . . . . .
all of the above
the message can be communicated to a large number of people instantly
a real-time broadcast of different events is possible
it uses an easy to understand composite medium

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the above

Q. In the print media, the GRPS is equal to the
product of frequency and the average size of the household
number of advertising insertions in one campaign
none of these
product of reach and the average size of the household

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: number of advertising insertions in one campaign

Q. Silence is also a form of
protest
communication
dissent
rebellion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: communication

Q. Indian anemia to the most extent has been influenced by Western films.
Indigenistion of foreign films through a formula of songs dance and melodrama in spite of Indian cinema.
A is false, but R is true
Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
A is true, but R is false
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Q. The major objective of a community radio station is
social inclusion
economic profit
entertainment
infotainment

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: social inclusion

Q. . . . . . . . . is called the mother of all models of communication.
Lasswell model
Shannon weaver model
Berlo's model
Aristotle's model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Shannon weaver model

Q. . . . . . . . . sustains economic development.
Technological
Economic equilibrium
Modernisation
Globalisation development

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Technological

Q. What is junk mail?
In the parlance of Internet operations, it refers to the receipt of pornographic and other socially irrelevant messages in an E-mail box
In the parlance of radio broadest, it refers to the receipt of phone calls by a Radio Jockey
In the parlance of postal services, it refers to the receipt of sales letters and mailers
In the parlance of TV viewing, it refers to the receipt of phone calls by a VJ

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In the parlance of Internet operations, it refers to the receipt of pornographic and other socially irrelevant messages in an E-mail box

Q. Which one of the following was not part of the mandate of the First Press Commission to examine?
Methods of recruitment and training of journalists
Role of the press in a developing society
Management and ownership structures of newspapers, news agencies, etc.
Existing systems in place for ensuring high standards of journalism

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Role of the press in a developing society

Q. What has made it possible to beam programme across frontiers to diffferent parts of the world?
Short wave
Only long wave
Medium wave
Short wave and long wave broadcasing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Short wave and long wave broadcasing

Q. Match the name of the Indian newspaper with the year in which it was launched.
a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

Q. Sender and . . . . . . . . should be available in all the communication.
receiver
message
feedback
channel

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: receiver

Q. Which of the following is not a part of the elements to be considered in the development of rhetoric?
Ethos
Pathos
Kairos
Peripeteia

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Peripeteia

Q. Which kind of the discussions gives an insight into persons inter active skills in a group?
None of these
Personal discussion
Public discussion
Group discussion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Group discussion

Q. "Books are also mass communication tools." Do agree with this statement?
No, they are limited due to being subject specific
None of the above
No, they are not used for entertainment and mass media focuses on entertainment
Yes, they disseminate information

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Yes, they disseminate information

Q. The various opportunities for countries to break out of traditional models of education and work have been made possible with
Increase in media education
Media literacy
The creation of knowledge communities
Globalisation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The creation of knowledge communities

Q. Which of the following is correctly paired?
Natya Shastra ? Bharata Muni
Rhetoric ? Bacon
Linear Model of Communication ? Buddha
Quran ? Abu Bakar

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Natya Shastra ? Bharata Muni

Q. The art of listening can help a person become a good communicator. How is that so?
If he listens to the other person carefully, he would be able to understand his viewpoint with case and thus send his message to him accordingly
Patient listeners quite often win the hearts of speaker
Good listeners can become good executives and leaders
He would become more patient if he listens to the other person

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: If he listens to the other person carefully, he would be able to understand his viewpoint with case and thus send his message to him accordingly

Q. The Second Press Commission of India recommended the removal of Section 5 of the . . . . . . . .
Official Secrets Act, 1923
Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867
Press Council Act, 1978
Contempt of Courts Act, 1971

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Official Secrets Act, 1923

Q. Max Weber adds to Marx's theory an aspect of
people's reaction
political power
both A and B
social structure

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. A type of theory that describes an ideal way for media systems to be structured and operated is referred to as
Normative theory
Archaic theory
Value systems
Scientific theory

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Normative theory

Q. Kill in media language means . . . . . . . .
Shoot
Hold
Move
Eliminate

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Eliminate

Q. Who installed the first steam printing press?
John Dome
John Walter
Johan Milton
John Walter II

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: John Walter II

Q. In what period, do the scholars trace the first attempts to develop theories of communication?
500 BC - 500AD
1500 BC - 600BC
300 BC
200 BC - 200AD

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 200 BC - 200AD

Q. The first Indian news agency floated by KC Roy in 1940 was
Associated Press of India (API)
Press Trust of India (PTI)
Free Press of India (FPI)
Press News Bureau (PNB)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Associated Press of India (API)

Q. A Bromide paper is used in
Laser Printing
Camera
Both B and C
Photography

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both B and C

Q. The promotion of the study of English is suggessted by
Globalisation
Models of Communication
New Education Policy
Media Literacy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: New Education Policy

Q. The Aristotelian model of communication is criticised for
All of the above
lack of concepts of communication failure resulting from noise or language barriers etc.
the use of the model for public speaking only
its unitarily-only one way from speaker to audience

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Short wave frequencies are used for radio communication of . . . . . . . . distance.
specific
location specific
long
short

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: long

Q. The Second Press Commission was appointed in
1963
1972
1978
1983

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1983

Q. The first Indian language newspaper was
Digdarshan
Mirat-ul-Akhbar
Samachar
Bangadoota

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Digdarshan

Q. . . . . . . . . is the father figure of administrative research.
Karl Marx
Lazarfield
Denis Mcquail
Marshall McLuhan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Lazarfield

Q. The non-probability technique used in Survey research is
all the above
quota sample
purposive sample
accidental sample

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all the above

Q. Identify the writer who belonged to new Journalism in 1960s and 1970s
Gerard Goggin
Tom Wolfe
J. Tuchman
Ubtan Sinclair

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ubtan Sinclair

Q. An interview is a type of
multiadic communication
mass communication
none of these
dyadic communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: dyadic communication

Q. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the following newspapers.
The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya
Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald
Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times
Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald

Q. Indian language newspapers have increased their circulation in recent years due to . . . . . . . .
higher literacy of migrants from rural areas to cities
increase in content related to Bollywood movies
reducing the prices of various editions of the newspapers
all of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: higher literacy of migrants from rural areas to cities

Q. The Cyclical Theory focus on
rise of civilisation
fall of civilisation
Both A and B
four stages oflife cycle

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both A and B

Q. Media criticism, that reports the truth is essential to
highlight the truth
maintenance of democracy
influence people's perceptions and actions
capture and hold audiences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: maintenance of democracy

Q. The language that is recognised as the common language for communications is
Spanish
English
French
Chinese

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: English

Q. What makes communication?
1. Sender
2. Channel
3. Receiver
4. Feedback
Select the correct answer:
All of the above
1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following was considered as 'Gagging Act'?
Indian Press Code
Vernacular Press Act
Press (Emergency) Powers Act, 1931
Indian Penal Code

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Vernacular Press Act

Q. Marattha' was the sister publication of . . . . . . . .
Kesari
Sakal
Lok Satta
Maharashtra Times

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Kesari

Q. Sun is a tabloid being published from
Gotenburg
London
Kolkata
San Francisco

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: London

Q. Who developed the first paper for the mankind?
The Aryans
The Sumerians
The Chinese
The Mayans

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The Chinese

Q. The ability to access, analyse, evaluate and communicate media messages is known as
cultural criticism
media dependency
media literacy
critical theory

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: media literacy

Q. Identity the correct sequence of authors according to the time they wrote in
Aristotle, St Augustine, Bharata Muni, John Quincey Adams
Aristotle, Bharata Muni, John Quincey Adams, St Augustine
Bharata Muni, Aristotle, St Augustine, John Quincey Adams
St Augustine, Bharata Muni, Aristotle, John Quincey Adams

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Bharata Muni, Aristotle, St Augustine, John Quincey Adams

Q. Identify the correct sequence of the development of their concepts
Aahan, Sthai rasa, Rhetoric, Media literacy
Sthai rasa, Rhetoric, Media literacy, Aahan
Sthai rasa, Aahan, Rhetoric, Media literacy
Rhetoric, Aahan, Sthai rasa, Media literacy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sthai rasa, Aahan, Rhetoric, Media literacy

Q. Who Invented the TV?
C Francis Jenkins
Chester Carlson
John Logic Baird
Alexander Graham Bell

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: John Logic Baird

Q. Which of the following is not a part of seven C's of communication?
Clarity
Curiosity
Content
Channels

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Curiosity

Q. Inner margin of a bookor document refers to
gutter
foot note
colophan
swash

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: foot note

Q. Arrange the following in chronological order starting with the earliest.
1. Radio broadcasting started in India
2. TV became a dominant media force
3. TV broadcasting started in the world
4. Satellite TV channels started in India
1, 3, 2, 4
2, 4, 1, 3
3, 2, 4, 1
4, 3, 1, 2

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1, 3, 2, 4

Q. Interactive model of communication is
two way model
one way model
poly directional model
cyclical model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: two way model

Q. Who enforced the Vernacular Press Act?
Lord Lytton
Lord Canning
Queen Victoria
East India Company

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Lord Lytton

Q. The promoter of a product cannot deliver the following to a mass audience through the currently used media vehicles.
Products
Music
Information
He can deliver literally anything through such vehicles

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Products

Q. Which of the following is true for informal communication?
It promotes better high speed
It enhances performances of people through the use cf grapevine
It promotes harmony and resolves many problems
It has a high speed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It enhances performances of people through the use cf grapevine

Q. Sensational, often irresponsible journalism is identified as
Yellow Journalism
Parachute Journalism
Neo-Journalism
Party Press

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Yellow Journalism

Q. In what manner did the broadcast and print media has ten the formation of Telangana?
They became involved in the political drama
All of the above
They sensationalised the agitation-related incidents
They exaggerated the portrayal of the initial phase of the Telangana agitation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Indian Institute of Mass Communication was established at
Mumbai
Bangalore
Kolkata
New Delhi

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: New Delhi

Q. Which of the following theorists has not given a model of communication?
Marshall McLuhan
David Berlo
Aristotle
Karl Marx

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Karl Marx

Q. . . . . . . . . suggested that technology affected the society both directly and indirectly.
W. F. Qgbum
Marshall McLuhan
Denis Mcquail
Karl Marx

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: W. F. Qgbum

Q. Advertisements interpretation, evaluation, creation is a part of
Information literacy
Digital literacy
Visual literacy
Audio-visual literacy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Visual literacy

Q. How do the big five countries dominate over the developing countries?
By pressurising them to submit to their ideology
By exploiting them
None of the above
By influencing their decisions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: By pressurising them to submit to their ideology

Q. Headlines are generally given by
reporter
page designer
sub-editors
B and C

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sub-editors

Q. When did private TV channels start in India?
June, 1992
December, 1994
1991
January, 1992

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1991

Q. Three basic models of mass communication include
Reception model
Transactional model
Hub model
Publicity model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Publicity model

Q. Identify the correct order of stages of social change given by August Comte.
None of the above
Positive or scientific stage - metaphysical stage - theological stage
Theological stage - metaphysical stage - positive or scientific stage
Metaphysical stage - theological stage - positive or scientific stage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Theological stage - metaphysical stage - positive or scientific stage

Q. This newspaper was Vernacular in origin but overnight it became English because of the enactment of Vernacular Press Act of 1878.
Anand Bazar Patrika
Bengalee
Amrita Bazar Patrika
Patrika

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrita Bazar Patrika

Q. A science correspondent should have an academic background in
the social sciences
journalism and feature writing
an engineering steam
the basic sciences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the basic sciences

Q. Which of the following is not a responsibility of the media?
All the above
Passing remarks on the personal lives of film stars
Commenting on the contemporary sociopolitical scenario
Dissemination of the news

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Passing remarks on the personal lives of film stars

Q. Wireless telegraphy was developed by
James Watt
Heinrich Hertz
Thomas Alva Edison
Guglielmo Marconi

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Guglielmo Marconi

Q. Mass communication traditionally tends to be
communication from one (or a few) to many
all of the above
one way
communication to an audience that is largely a passive recipient of messages with little or no opportunity for immediate feedback

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the above

Q. A later adaptor of Newcomb's model and addresses it self particularly to various formal media related to mass communication.
Westley and Mclean model
George model
Theodore model
None of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Westley and Mclean model

Q. When was the Press Laws Enquiry Committee appointed?
1951
1956
1947
1948

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1947

Q. Which of the following is not a basic element of social change?
Directions of change
Mechanisms of change
Structural aspects of change
Scope of change

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Scope of change

Q. James Carey proposed the
Hub model of communication
Reception model of communication
Ritual model of communication
Publicity model of communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ritual model of communication

Q. The concept of Midful Journalism has drawn inspiration from
Buddhism
Christianity
Daoism
Hinduism

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Buddhism

Q. Identify the incorrect pair.
Sociological theory ? User and gratification
Normative theory ? Free press
Individual difference theory ? Selective exposure
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. How is gobalisation changing the culture of the urban areas?
By changing the society into consumerist one
By forcing the members of society to accept one ideology
By influencing their behavioural patterns
By educating them in media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: By forcing the members of society to accept one ideology

Q. Match the year with the name of the newspaper launched in USA in that year.
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3

Q. With the introduction of various channels of mass communication, people were easily able to
verbally communicate with each other
advertise their products and services
all of the above
discuss with others events of their daily lives

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: advertise their products and services

Q. Match the year/ time period with the event related to paper and printing.
a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

Q. A model, which sees communication essentially as a process of transmission.
None of these
McQuail model
Gerbner's model
Theodore model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gerbner's model

Q. Which media does not make the use of eyes and ears simultaneously?
Cinema
TV advertisements
SMS
MMS

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SMS

Q. What is Internet Addiction Disorder?
It is the change in the psyche of children because of their addiction to the Net
It is the change in the behaviour of an Internet user due to consistent use of Internet based services; such a user becomes secluded depressed and easily angry
It is a state of discontent that arises done to faulty transmission of E-mail massages
None of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It is the change in the behaviour of an Internet user due to consistent use of Internet based services; such a user becomes secluded depressed and easily angry

Q. 'Navjiwan' was started by
Moti Lal Nehru
Kalanath Shastri
Jawahar Lal Nehru
Gandhiji

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gandhiji

Q. The information society works towards . . . . . . . . of data.
all of these
manipulation
oration
integration

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of these

Q. Which of the following is not correctly paired?
The Press (Objectionable Matter) Act ? 1951
All of the above
The Cinematography Act ? 1952
First Press Commission ? 1977

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: First Press Commission ? 1977

Q. What is the job of development reporter?
All the above
To create an atmosphere of under standing the objectives of the schemes
To help in creating awareness about the developmental issues
To inform readers, listeners & viewers about various plans

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All the above

Q. The publicity model of mass communication focuses on
attention
negative opinions
criticism
ideation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: attention

Q. Which communication model is widely known as the 'Mathematical Model of Communication'?
Schramm's Interactive Model
Lasswell's Formula Model
Berlo's SMCR Model
Shannon-Weaver Model

Explanation:

Developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949, it was initially created for telecommunication systems and information theory.

Q. The concept of 'Field of Experience' was prominently introduced in which communication model?
Shannon-Weaver Model
Schramm's Model
White's Gatekeeping Model
Aristotle's Model

Explanation:

Wilbur Schramm emphasized that effective communication occurs only when the field of experience between sender and receiver overlaps.

Q. Who formulated the five-question paradigm: 'Who, Says What, In Which Channel, To Whom, With What Effect'?
Harold Lasswell
David Berlo
Marshall McLuhan
George Gerbner

Explanation:

Harold Lasswell introduced this classic linear model in 1948 to analyze mass communication.

Q. Cultivation Theory, which suggests long-term TV viewing shapes heavy viewers' perception of reality, was developed by:
George Gerbner
Maxwell McCombs
Everett Rogers
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

Explanation:

George Gerbner introduced Cultivation Theory through the Cultural Indicators project.

Q. The 'Spiral of Silence' theory posits that people remain silent when they feel their opinion is in the:
Minority
Dominant Paradigm
Neutral Zone
Majority

Explanation:

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's theory states individuals withhold views when they perceive themselves in the minority due to fear of isolation.

Q. Which newspaper was founded by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1941 to represent Muslims of Subcontinent?
Zamindar
Dawn
The Pakistan Times
Nawa-i-Waqt

Explanation:

Dawn was established in Delhi in 1941 as a mouthpiece for the All-India Muslim League.

Q. Who was the editor of the influential anti-colonial Urdu newspaper 'Zamindar'?
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Hasrat Mohani
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan

Explanation:

Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, known as the father of Urdu journalism, edited Zamindar.

Q. When did Pakistan Television (PTV) start its regular broadcast transmissions in Lahore?
14 August 1947
26 November 1964
23 March 1956
6 September 1971

Explanation:

PTV commenced its official black-and-white broadcast service on November 26, 1964, from Lahore.

Q. In newspaper terminology, a 'Dateline' refers to:
The expiration date of copyrighted material
The deadline given to news reporters
The publication date on the front banner
The location and date of the news origin

Explanation:

A dateline indicates the location from which a story originated and the date on which it was filed.

Q. Which portion of a news story contains the most essential information, answering 5 Ws and 1 H?
Kicker
Lead
Byline
Nut Graf

Explanation:

The Lead (or Lede) is the opening paragraph summarizing key facts (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How).

Q. Which document is officially distributed by a PR department to news outlets to announce a noteworthy event?
Press Release
Advertorial
White Paper
Media Briefing Note

Explanation:

A Press Release (or News Release) is a written communication sent to media members to announce news.

Q. An advertisement designed to resemble editorial content rather than commercial promotion is called an:
Classified Ad
Infomercial
Advertorial
Banner Ad

Explanation:

Advertorials combine 'advertisement' and 'editorial' content formats.

Q. What does SEO stand for in modern digital journalism?
Syndicated Electronic Outlets
Social Engagement Operations
Systematic Editorial Online
Search Engine Optimization

Explanation:

Search Engine Optimization ensures content ranks higher in organic web search engines.

Q. Under Pakistan law, PECA stands for:
Public Electronic Censorship Authority
Press & Electronic Communication Act
Pakistan Electronic Content Act
Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act

Explanation:

PECA refers to the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, enacted in 2016 to govern cybercrime and online media.

Q. The MacBride Report 'Many Voices, One World' was published under the auspices of which international body?
International Telecommunication Union
UNESCO
UNICEF
UNDP

Explanation:

UNESCO published the MacBride Report in 1980 to analyze global communication imbalances.

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