Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Mass Communication and Journalism Questions and Answers Questions
Q. Prior to independence, what was the status of princely states in India?
They were directly governed by the British Government of India
None of the above
The British Government held sovereignty over them
They had full independence from the British Government of India

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The British Government held sovereignty over them

Q. A Normative Theory combining aspects of libertarianism and social responsibility theory is
Pluralism
Latin American value
Eastern belief
Western concept

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Western concept

Q. Who was the chairman of the Draft Akash Bharti Bill, 1978?
V. Sharda Prasad
B.G. Verghese
B.I. Ram Mohan Rao
I.D. Tiwari

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: B.G. Verghese

Q. "The media mould the tastes and preferences of the audience." Do You agree with this statement?
Partially! Some people are receptive to the messages while some others are not. Tastes and preferences do change but according to the socio-economic conditions of the audience. Complete transformation of tastes is a fallacy
No! People do not come out of the pace their mental inertia
No! Most of the people support or nurture those tastes and preferences that have gelled in their minds since their childhood years
Yes! Fully

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Partially! Some people are receptive to the messages while some others are not. Tastes and preferences do change but according to the socio-economic conditions of the audience. Complete transformation of tastes is a fallacy

Q. Find out the name of the Rishi who always carried 'Veena' with him.
Durvasa
Shukracharya
Narada
Kanwa

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Narada

Q. In which year the Supreme Court of India declared that 'the airwaves are the public property'?
1992
1994
1993
1995

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1995

Q. The Conditional Access System (CAS) allows the viewers to
select TV channels of their choice
none of these
interact with TV channels through the set-up boxes
cut down the costs of television viewing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: select TV channels of their choice

Q. Digital Citizenshipis about
the safe and responsible teehnology usage norms
The ability to decode, evaluate and create messages
fluency in technical matters
effeetive use of the digital media tools

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the safe and responsible teehnology usage norms

Q. The first Indian language newspaper published in India which is still continuing was . . . . . . . .
The Bengali Gazette
Kannada Samachar
Mumbai Samachar
Nav Bharat Times

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Mumbai Samachar

Q. When were 24 hour programming, mass advertising and sponsored programmes introduced on TV?
During the 1970s
In the new millennium
During the 1980s
During the 1960s

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: During the 1970s

Q. When was colour TV transmission started in India'?
In 1979
In 1986
In 1982
In 1980

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In 1982

Q. Some popular programmes of Vividh Bharati which are still running are . . . . . . . .
Sangeet Sarita, Bhoole Bisre Geet, Chhaya Geet
Sangeet Sarita, Hawa Mahal, Jaimala
Sangeet Sarita, Hawa Mahal, Jaimala, Chhaya Geet
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The daily newspaper New India was established by . . . . . . . .
S Sadanand
Phiroze Shah Mehta
BG Horniman
Mrs. Annie Besant

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Mrs. Annie Besant

Q. Which Act was formulated in 1952?
Prasar Bharti Act
The Press Act
The Cinematography Act
The Right to Information Act

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The Cinematography Act

Q. The Second Press Commission of India recommended the establishment of . . . . . . . .
National Media Training Institute
Newspaper Development Corporation
Press Council of India
Media Competition Commission

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Newspaper Development Corporation

Q. Why is the repetition of a message necessary?
Messages must be repeated, else what the advertising firms and TV/Radio stations would sit idle
Repeated advertisements create an image of the media in the minds of the targeted audience
Costs come down as the messages are sent through the same vehicle, it is a commercial decision
The audience needs to be informed about the product, scenario or concept time and again, lest they should forget it altogether

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The audience needs to be informed about the product, scenario or concept time and again, lest they should forget it altogether

Q. The Indian Institute of Mass Communication was established in
1947
1978
1977
1965

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1965

Q. Identify the true statement.
Semantics is the technique of forming new words and phrases
A faulty telephone line is a barrier to communication
The full form of CNN is California Network and News
The National Herald once belonged to the TOI group

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A faulty telephone line is a barrier to communication

Q. A journalist need not be . . . . . . . . while covering an event.
meticulous
impartial
inquisitive
domineering

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: domineering

Q. The forms of new media provide users
no influence over media decisions
more control over content
all of the above
connections to traditional media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: more control over content

Q. Which media would be ideal to attract the attention of children to sale chocolates to them?
Newspapers
Leaflets
Radio
TV (advertisements)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: TV (advertisements)

Q. The Hindi-speaking population of Punjab in 1957 resisted the fact that . . . . . . . .
Punjabi was made the official state language and Gurumukhi the official script
Hindi was not made the state language
Haryanvi was not made the state language
Chandigarh was designated as the state capital

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Punjabi was made the official state language and Gurumukhi the official script

Q. The Schramm's model of communication introduces
noise
encoder-decoder
transmitter
signal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: encoder-decoder

Q. What are net sales in the parlance of book publishing?
None of these
The number of books or magazines sold by one retailer or bookshop
The number of books or magazines printed by a publisher at one time
The number of books or magazines available for sales

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The number of books or magazines printed by a publisher at one time

Q. Match the following.
a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2
a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3

Q. In which book does David Berlo propose his model of communication?
Introduction to mass media
The process of communication
None of the above
Building communication theories

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The process of communication

Q. According to whom 'mass' exists only in the minds of elite?
Raymond Williams
Chaslton
None of the above
James Lull

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. The power of media is described as
oppositional
hard
harsh
soft

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: soft

Q. To choose the news items for the newspaper and to correct the language, spelling and remove all the unimportant sentences are the functions of
sub-editor
writer
reporter
none of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sub-editor

Q. Who proposed the transactional model of communication?
Herbert
Karl Marx
David Berlo
Dean Barlund

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dean Barlund

Q. Formation of states in India based on the linguistic principle proved a success usually because . . . . . . . .
their art and literature could be enriched with strong state support
both A and B
they provided an opportunity for Indian languages to grow independently
neither A nor B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Which of the following country is a part of the security council?
Nepal
Germany
Japan
Russia

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Russia

Q. In which year was the Commercial Broadcasting Service of AIR was introduced?
In 1965
In 1968
In 1967
In 1966

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In 1967

Q. The Hindu concept of the 'Universe' is based on
Relation between the living and the non-living elements
Human existence
Dahrma
Cosmic man

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Cosmic man

Q. Idealistic culture presents
the presence of supernatural beliefs
focus on rationality as central principle
blend of A and B
sensations as a test of reality

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: blend of A and B

Q. What was Abhinavagupta?
Critic of the Natya Shastra
Author of the Natya Shastra
Both A and B
The person who coined the word 'Sadharanikaran'

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Critic of the Natya Shastra

Q. The cultural diversity can be strenghtened through globalisation by
allowing people to maintain their distinct set of beliefs, practices and values
providing the methods and funds to support the cultural groups
creations of knowledge communities
educating all to be a productive member of the international community

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: providing the methods and funds to support the cultural groups

Q. Whois the author of 'Saving the Media'?
Anil Dankar
Desmond Tutu
Olivier Blanchard
Julia Cage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Julia Cage

Q. Two step flow model of media influence was given by
J. Willson
Katz and Lazzafeld's
Me Coomf
Shaw

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Katz and Lazzafeld's

Q. According to Bacon, . . . . . . . . and . . . . . . . . required by speakers to have a high degree of accountability.
study and performance of communication
reason and logics
ethics and morality
reason and morality

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: reason and morality

Q. Normative theories differ from other theories of communication as they answer how the media
none of these
both A and B
'expected to'
'ought to'

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Critical theories of mass communication are . . . . . . . . in character.
iconi
symbolic
political
insignificant

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: political

Q. Reach and frequency of an advertisement is calculated by studying the targeted audience over a period of
6 weeks
3 months
4 weeks
4 months

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 4 weeks

Q. For Marxists, mass media, operates in
ideological arena
professional arena
arena of plural values
religious arena

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ideological arena

Q. According to Buddhism, language and communication should pave the way to
Harmony
Productivity
Liberation
Critical introspection

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Liberation

Q. With the introduction of broadcast TV programmes after 1945, how did broadcast radio meet the challenge?
FM Radio was introduced, which had high quality sound and was free from disturbances
A large number of local Radio stations were established
None of the above
Radio started giving more music programmes

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: FM Radio was introduced, which had high quality sound and was free from disturbances

Q. T.R.P. stands for
Physical Training Inspector
Trade Recall Percentage
Physical Training Institute
Target Rating Point

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Target Rating Point

Q. What is Adhan?
Recorded financial transactions
Sayings of Prophet Muhammad
A section in Quran
A tool of oral communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A tool of oral communication

Q. Agenda setting theory was introduced in
the peoples choice
mathematical theory
the process of communication
the public opinion quarterly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the public opinion quarterly

Q. Which of the following is not a topic in Journalism?
Behavioural science
News and contemporary issues
Conveying information to the public
National and international issues

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Conveying information to the public

Q. Major source of revenue of newspaper is
Advertisements
None of the above
Selling newspaper
Subsidies

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Advertisements

Q. The reason for starting the first external broadcasts by Akashvani was . . . . . . . .
to gain popularity overseas
to counter Nazi propaganda directed at the Afghans
none of the above
to help the Allies to win the First World War

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to counter Nazi propaganda directed at the Afghans

Q. Which of the following is not a mass communication exercise?
A sales mans talks to his client over telephone and asks for payment
A radio announcer gives news in brief at 10.00 am on the FM channel
An Internet web site use multimedia presentation techniques to promote RMCGS
A van moves about in a village and a PA system aboard the van tells the villagers about the risks of acquiring AIDS

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A sales mans talks to his client over telephone and asks for payment

Q. The English newspaper that decided to drop the publication of editorials in 2010 was
The Times of India
DNA
The Hindu
The Evening News

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DNA

Q. Which country publishes maximum number of dailies in the world?
Japan
India
UK
USA

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: India

Q. If we understand both journalism and mass communication, we can transform society by
acting as a spokesperson for groups of people
both A and B
neither A nor B
telling others what to do

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: acting as a spokesperson for groups of people

Q. What is a media plan?
An annexure of a media brief
A costing sheet for a media brief
A blueprint of execution schedule of an advertising campaign
Another name for an advertising campaign

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A blueprint of execution schedule of an advertising campaign

Q. Special correspondents are invariably
well connected in the highest echelons of (political) power
highly educated journalists
told to write en economy industry and the basic sciences
not keen to dabble into the fields of regional, national and global politics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: well connected in the highest echelons of (political) power

Q. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, the three Indian language dailies having the maximum circulation during the period January - June, 2018 were . . . . . . . .
Malayala Manorama, Daily Thanthi and Amar Ujala
Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and The Times of India
Eenadu, Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi
Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and Hindustan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and Hindustan

Q. ABC means
Audit Bureau of Circulation
Advance Business Circulation
Advance Business Certificate
Audit Bureau of Certificate

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Audit Bureau of Circulation

Q. The MMS is a/an
visual media
none of these
audiovisual media
audio media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: audiovisual media

Q. The term Press normally does not include
Internet web sites
Newspapers
Journals
Magazines

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Internet web sites

Q. Print media is primarily not used as a tool for
advertising products and services
conducting marketing campaigns
none of the above
gathering news and information

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: none of the above

Q. Who proposed the ecological model of communication?
Warren Weaver
Antonio Gramsci
Ungurait and Bonn
David Fougler

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: David Fougler

Q. Under Section 8 (c) . . . . . . . . the Press Council of India started functioning as an appellate authority.
The Right to Information Act
PRB Act, 1867
None of the above
Prasar Bharti Act

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: PRB Act, 1867

Q. The Aristotelian model of communication does not include . . . . . . . . as a primary element in the communication process.
audienc
feedback
occasion
effect

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: feedback

Q. The . . . . . . . . . led the demand for a Marathi-speaking linguistic state.
Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti
Maratha newspaper
None of the above
Unnat Marathi Committee

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti

Q. Which of the following is not a result of globalisation of the Indian entertainment sector?
the international media companies such as Walt Disney, 20 Century Fox started investing in this sector
Westernisation or the traditional culture
revaluation of the traditional cultural ideology
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Westernisation or the traditional culture

Q. The Second Press Commission of India did not favour a code of ethics that was . . . . . . . .
substantial
personal
formal
informal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: formal

Q. What does the book review correspondent do?
He reviews the books that are given to him for this purpose
He interacts with the authors of various books but does not review books
He organises the book review panel
He only screens the books and picks up the that would be reviewed by another person

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: He reviews the books that are given to him for this purpose

Q. Murphie and Potts criticise McLuhan's technological determinism for
technology does not operate only social change
to be simplistic
the process of technological innovation is not addressed
both A and B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Which newspaper carried an advertisement in 1875 announcing presentation of a force named "Lamentations of Bharat Mata with her Children"?
The Times of India
Kesari
The Tribune
Amrit Bazar Patrika

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrit Bazar Patrika

Q. Who among the following persisted in improving modernization model of development using the mass media?
Daniel Lerner
Lucian Pye
Wilbur Schsamn
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the launch of the following newspapers.
Bombay Darpan, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Courier, Bengal Gazette
Bengal Gazette, Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan
Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan, Bengal Gazette
Bombay Samachar, Bombay Courier, Bombay Darpan, Bengal Gazette

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Bengal Gazette, Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan

Q. Identify the correct pair.
Schramm ? Linear model
Marshall McLuhan ? Global village
All of the above
Berlomodel ? Transmitter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Marshall McLuhan ? Global village

Q. Electronic media is the most preferred medium around the world because . . . . . . . .
it uses an easy to understand composite medium
all of the above
a real-time broadcast of different events is possible
the message can be communicated to a large number of people instantly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the above

Q. In the print media, the GRPS is equal to the
number of advertising insertions in one campaign
none of these
product of reach and the average size of the household
product of frequency and the average size of the household

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: number of advertising insertions in one campaign

Q. Silence is also a form of
rebellion
communication
dissent
protest

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: communication

Q. Indian anemia to the most extent has been influenced by Western films.
Indigenistion of foreign films through a formula of songs dance and melodrama in spite of Indian cinema.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
A is false, but R is true
A is true, but R is false

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Q. The major objective of a community radio station is
social inclusion
economic profit
infotainment
entertainment

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: social inclusion

Q. . . . . . . . . is called the mother of all models of communication.
Berlo's model
Aristotle's model
Shannon weaver model
Lasswell model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Shannon weaver model

Q. . . . . . . . . sustains economic development.
Globalisation development
Technological
Modernisation
Economic equilibrium

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Technological

Q. What is junk mail?
In the parlance of TV viewing, it refers to the receipt of phone calls by a VJ
In the parlance of radio broadest, it refers to the receipt of phone calls by a Radio Jockey
In the parlance of Internet operations, it refers to the receipt of pornographic and other socially irrelevant messages in an E-mail box
In the parlance of postal services, it refers to the receipt of sales letters and mailers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In the parlance of Internet operations, it refers to the receipt of pornographic and other socially irrelevant messages in an E-mail box

Q. Which one of the following was not part of the mandate of the First Press Commission to examine?
Role of the press in a developing society
Management and ownership structures of newspapers, news agencies, etc.
Existing systems in place for ensuring high standards of journalism
Methods of recruitment and training of journalists

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Role of the press in a developing society

Q. What has made it possible to beam programme across frontiers to diffferent parts of the world?
Short wave and long wave broadcasing
Only long wave
Medium wave
Short wave

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Short wave and long wave broadcasing

Q. Match the name of the Indian newspaper with the year in which it was launched.
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

Q. Sender and . . . . . . . . should be available in all the communication.
message
receiver
feedback
channel

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: receiver

Q. Which of the following is not a part of the elements to be considered in the development of rhetoric?
Kairos
Peripeteia
Pathos
Ethos

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Peripeteia

Q. Which kind of the discussions gives an insight into persons inter active skills in a group?
None of these
Personal discussion
Public discussion
Group discussion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Group discussion

Q. "Books are also mass communication tools." Do agree with this statement?
No, they are limited due to being subject specific
No, they are not used for entertainment and mass media focuses on entertainment
Yes, they disseminate information
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Yes, they disseminate information

Q. The various opportunities for countries to break out of traditional models of education and work have been made possible with
Media literacy
The creation of knowledge communities
Globalisation
Increase in media education

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The creation of knowledge communities

Q. Which of the following is correctly paired?
Quran ? Abu Bakar
Rhetoric ? Bacon
Natya Shastra ? Bharata Muni
Linear Model of Communication ? Buddha

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Natya Shastra ? Bharata Muni

Q. The art of listening can help a person become a good communicator. How is that so?
If he listens to the other person carefully, he would be able to understand his viewpoint with case and thus send his message to him accordingly
He would become more patient if he listens to the other person
Patient listeners quite often win the hearts of speaker
Good listeners can become good executives and leaders

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: If he listens to the other person carefully, he would be able to understand his viewpoint with case and thus send his message to him accordingly

Q. The Second Press Commission of India recommended the removal of Section 5 of the . . . . . . . .
Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867
Official Secrets Act, 1923
Press Council Act, 1978
Contempt of Courts Act, 1971

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Official Secrets Act, 1923

Q. Max Weber adds to Marx's theory an aspect of
people's reaction
both A and B
social structure
political power

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. A type of theory that describes an ideal way for media systems to be structured and operated is referred to as
Normative theory
Scientific theory
Archaic theory
Value systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Normative theory

Q. Kill in media language means . . . . . . . .
Hold
Shoot
Eliminate
Move

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Eliminate

Q. Who installed the first steam printing press?
John Walter II
John Walter
Johan Milton
John Dome

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: John Walter II

Q. In what period, do the scholars trace the first attempts to develop theories of communication?
500 BC - 500AD
200 BC - 200AD
300 BC
1500 BC - 600BC

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 200 BC - 200AD

Q. The first Indian news agency floated by KC Roy in 1940 was
Free Press of India (FPI)
Associated Press of India (API)
Press Trust of India (PTI)
Press News Bureau (PNB)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Associated Press of India (API)

Q. A Bromide paper is used in
Camera
Laser Printing
Both B and C
Photography

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both B and C

Q. The promotion of the study of English is suggessted by
Globalisation
Models of Communication
New Education Policy
Media Literacy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: New Education Policy

Q. The Aristotelian model of communication is criticised for
its unitarily-only one way from speaker to audience
All of the above
lack of concepts of communication failure resulting from noise or language barriers etc.
the use of the model for public speaking only

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Short wave frequencies are used for radio communication of . . . . . . . . distance.
location specific
short
specific
long

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: long

Q. The Second Press Commission was appointed in
1978
1972
1983
1963

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1983

Q. The first Indian language newspaper was
Bangadoota
Mirat-ul-Akhbar
Digdarshan
Samachar

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Digdarshan

Q. . . . . . . . . is the father figure of administrative research.
Lazarfield
Karl Marx
Marshall McLuhan
Denis Mcquail

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Lazarfield

Q. The non-probability technique used in Survey research is
quota sample
accidental sample
purposive sample
all the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all the above

Q. Identify the writer who belonged to new Journalism in 1960s and 1970s
Ubtan Sinclair
Gerard Goggin
J. Tuchman
Tom Wolfe

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ubtan Sinclair

Q. An interview is a type of
mass communication
multiadic communication
none of these
dyadic communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: dyadic communication

Q. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the following newspapers.
Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times
The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya
Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald
Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald

Q. Indian language newspapers have increased their circulation in recent years due to . . . . . . . .
increase in content related to Bollywood movies
higher literacy of migrants from rural areas to cities
all of the above
reducing the prices of various editions of the newspapers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: higher literacy of migrants from rural areas to cities

Q. The Cyclical Theory focus on
rise of civilisation
fall of civilisation
Both A and B
four stages oflife cycle

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both A and B

Q. Media criticism, that reports the truth is essential to
maintenance of democracy
influence people's perceptions and actions
highlight the truth
capture and hold audiences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: maintenance of democracy

Q. The language that is recognised as the common language for communications is
French
Spanish
English
Chinese

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: English

Q. What makes communication?
1. Sender
2. Channel
3. Receiver
4. Feedback
Select the correct answer:
All of the above
1, 2 and 3 only
1, 3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4 only

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following was considered as 'Gagging Act'?
Indian Penal Code
Vernacular Press Act
Press (Emergency) Powers Act, 1931
Indian Press Code

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Vernacular Press Act

Q. Marattha' was the sister publication of . . . . . . . .
Maharashtra Times
Sakal
Lok Satta
Kesari

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Kesari

Q. Sun is a tabloid being published from
London
Gotenburg
Kolkata
San Francisco

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: London

Q. Who developed the first paper for the mankind?
The Mayans
The Sumerians
The Chinese
The Aryans

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The Chinese

Q. The ability to access, analyse, evaluate and communicate media messages is known as
media dependency
cultural criticism
media literacy
critical theory

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: media literacy

Q. Identity the correct sequence of authors according to the time they wrote in
St Augustine, Bharata Muni, Aristotle, John Quincey Adams
Aristotle, Bharata Muni, John Quincey Adams, St Augustine
Bharata Muni, Aristotle, St Augustine, John Quincey Adams
Aristotle, St Augustine, Bharata Muni, John Quincey Adams

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Bharata Muni, Aristotle, St Augustine, John Quincey Adams

Q. Identify the correct sequence of the development of their concepts
Sthai rasa, Aahan, Rhetoric, Media literacy
Rhetoric, Aahan, Sthai rasa, Media literacy
Aahan, Sthai rasa, Rhetoric, Media literacy
Sthai rasa, Rhetoric, Media literacy, Aahan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sthai rasa, Aahan, Rhetoric, Media literacy

Q. Who Invented the TV?
Alexander Graham Bell
Chester Carlson
John Logic Baird
C Francis Jenkins

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: John Logic Baird

Q. Which of the following is not a part of seven C's of communication?
Content
Clarity
Curiosity
Channels

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Curiosity

Q. Inner margin of a bookor document refers to
gutter
swash
colophan
foot note

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: foot note

Q. Arrange the following in chronological order starting with the earliest.
1. Radio broadcasting started in India
2. TV became a dominant media force
3. TV broadcasting started in the world
4. Satellite TV channels started in India
3, 2, 4, 1
2, 4, 1, 3
4, 3, 1, 2
1, 3, 2, 4

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1, 3, 2, 4

Q. Interactive model of communication is
cyclical model
one way model
two way model
poly directional model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: two way model

Q. Who enforced the Vernacular Press Act?
Queen Victoria
Lord Lytton
Lord Canning
East India Company

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Lord Lytton

Q. The promoter of a product cannot deliver the following to a mass audience through the currently used media vehicles.
He can deliver literally anything through such vehicles
Products
Information
Music

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Products

Q. Which of the following is true for informal communication?
It promotes better high speed
It enhances performances of people through the use cf grapevine
It promotes harmony and resolves many problems
It has a high speed

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It enhances performances of people through the use cf grapevine

Q. Sensational, often irresponsible journalism is identified as
Party Press
Yellow Journalism
Neo-Journalism
Parachute Journalism

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Yellow Journalism

Q. In what manner did the broadcast and print media has ten the formation of Telangana?
They sensationalised the agitation-related incidents
They became involved in the political drama
They exaggerated the portrayal of the initial phase of the Telangana agitation
All of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Indian Institute of Mass Communication was established at
Bangalore
New Delhi
Mumbai
Kolkata

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: New Delhi

Q. Which of the following theorists has not given a model of communication?
Marshall McLuhan
David Berlo
Aristotle
Karl Marx

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Karl Marx

Q. . . . . . . . . suggested that technology affected the society both directly and indirectly.
Denis Mcquail
Karl Marx
W. F. Qgbum
Marshall McLuhan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: W. F. Qgbum

Q. Advertisements interpretation, evaluation, creation is a part of
Digital literacy
Information literacy
Visual literacy
Audio-visual literacy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Visual literacy

Q. How do the big five countries dominate over the developing countries?
By pressurising them to submit to their ideology
By exploiting them
By influencing their decisions
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: By pressurising them to submit to their ideology

Q. Headlines are generally given by
B and C
sub-editors
page designer
reporter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sub-editors

Q. When did private TV channels start in India?
December, 1994
June, 1992
1991
January, 1992

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1991

Q. Three basic models of mass communication include
Publicity model
Reception model
Hub model
Transactional model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Publicity model

Q. Identify the correct order of stages of social change given by August Comte.
Positive or scientific stage - metaphysical stage - theological stage
None of the above
Theological stage - metaphysical stage - positive or scientific stage
Metaphysical stage - theological stage - positive or scientific stage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Theological stage - metaphysical stage - positive or scientific stage

Q. This newspaper was Vernacular in origin but overnight it became English because of the enactment of Vernacular Press Act of 1878.
Amrita Bazar Patrika
Patrika
Bengalee
Anand Bazar Patrika

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrita Bazar Patrika

Q. A science correspondent should have an academic background in
the basic sciences
an engineering steam
journalism and feature writing
the social sciences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the basic sciences

Q. Which of the following is not a responsibility of the media?
Commenting on the contemporary sociopolitical scenario
All the above
Passing remarks on the personal lives of film stars
Dissemination of the news

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Passing remarks on the personal lives of film stars

Q. Wireless telegraphy was developed by
Heinrich Hertz
Thomas Alva Edison
Guglielmo Marconi
James Watt

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Guglielmo Marconi

Q. Mass communication traditionally tends to be
one way
communication to an audience that is largely a passive recipient of messages with little or no opportunity for immediate feedback
communication from one (or a few) to many
all of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the above

Q. A later adaptor of Newcomb's model and addresses it self particularly to various formal media related to mass communication.
Westley and Mclean model
George model
None of these
Theodore model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Westley and Mclean model

Q. When was the Press Laws Enquiry Committee appointed?
1947
1948
1951
1956

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1947

Q. Which of the following is not a basic element of social change?
Directions of change
Structural aspects of change
Scope of change
Mechanisms of change

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Scope of change

Q. James Carey proposed the
Hub model of communication
Ritual model of communication
Publicity model of communication
Reception model of communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ritual model of communication

Q. The concept of Midful Journalism has drawn inspiration from
Christianity
Buddhism
Hinduism
Daoism

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Buddhism

Q. Identify the incorrect pair.
None of the above
Sociological theory ? User and gratification
Individual difference theory ? Selective exposure
Normative theory ? Free press

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. How is gobalisation changing the culture of the urban areas?
By changing the society into consumerist one
By influencing their behavioural patterns
By educating them in media
By forcing the members of society to accept one ideology

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: By forcing the members of society to accept one ideology

Q. Match the year with the name of the newspaper launched in USA in that year.
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3

Q. With the introduction of various channels of mass communication, people were easily able to
verbally communicate with each other
all of the above
discuss with others events of their daily lives
advertise their products and services

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: advertise their products and services

Q. Match the year/ time period with the event related to paper and printing.
a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

Q. A model, which sees communication essentially as a process of transmission.
None of these
McQuail model
Gerbner's model
Theodore model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gerbner's model

Q. Which media does not make the use of eyes and ears simultaneously?
SMS
MMS
Cinema
TV advertisements

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SMS

Q. What is Internet Addiction Disorder?
It is the change in the psyche of children because of their addiction to the Net
None of these
It is a state of discontent that arises done to faulty transmission of E-mail massages
It is the change in the behaviour of an Internet user due to consistent use of Internet based services; such a user becomes secluded depressed and easily angry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It is the change in the behaviour of an Internet user due to consistent use of Internet based services; such a user becomes secluded depressed and easily angry

Q. 'Navjiwan' was started by
Moti Lal Nehru
Kalanath Shastri
Jawahar Lal Nehru
Gandhiji

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gandhiji

Q. The information society works towards . . . . . . . . of data.
integration
manipulation
all of these
oration

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of these

Q. Which of the following is not correctly paired?
First Press Commission ? 1977
The Press (Objectionable Matter) Act ? 1951
All of the above
The Cinematography Act ? 1952

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: First Press Commission ? 1977

Q. What is the job of development reporter?
All the above
To inform readers, listeners & viewers about various plans
To help in creating awareness about the developmental issues
To create an atmosphere of under standing the objectives of the schemes

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All the above

Q. The publicity model of mass communication focuses on
criticism
attention
ideation
negative opinions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: attention

Q. Which communication model is widely known as the 'Mathematical Model of Communication'?
Shannon-Weaver Model
Lasswell's Formula Model
Berlo's SMCR Model
Schramm's Interactive Model

Explanation:

Developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949, it was initially created for telecommunication systems and information theory.

Q. The concept of 'Field of Experience' was prominently introduced in which communication model?
White's Gatekeeping Model
Schramm's Model
Aristotle's Model
Shannon-Weaver Model

Explanation:

Wilbur Schramm emphasized that effective communication occurs only when the field of experience between sender and receiver overlaps.

Q. Who formulated the five-question paradigm: 'Who, Says What, In Which Channel, To Whom, With What Effect'?
Harold Lasswell
George Gerbner
David Berlo
Marshall McLuhan

Explanation:

Harold Lasswell introduced this classic linear model in 1948 to analyze mass communication.

Q. Cultivation Theory, which suggests long-term TV viewing shapes heavy viewers' perception of reality, was developed by:
Everett Rogers
Maxwell McCombs
George Gerbner
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

Explanation:

George Gerbner introduced Cultivation Theory through the Cultural Indicators project.

Q. The 'Spiral of Silence' theory posits that people remain silent when they feel their opinion is in the:
Neutral Zone
Majority
Dominant Paradigm
Minority

Explanation:

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's theory states individuals withhold views when they perceive themselves in the minority due to fear of isolation.

Q. Which newspaper was founded by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1941 to represent Muslims of Subcontinent?
Dawn
The Pakistan Times
Nawa-i-Waqt
Zamindar

Explanation:

Dawn was established in Delhi in 1941 as a mouthpiece for the All-India Muslim League.

Q. Who was the editor of the influential anti-colonial Urdu newspaper 'Zamindar'?
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Hasrat Mohani
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Explanation:

Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, known as the father of Urdu journalism, edited Zamindar.

Q. When did Pakistan Television (PTV) start its regular broadcast transmissions in Lahore?
6 September 1971
14 August 1947
26 November 1964
23 March 1956

Explanation:

PTV commenced its official black-and-white broadcast service on November 26, 1964, from Lahore.

Q. In newspaper terminology, a 'Dateline' refers to:
The expiration date of copyrighted material
The location and date of the news origin
The deadline given to news reporters
The publication date on the front banner

Explanation:

A dateline indicates the location from which a story originated and the date on which it was filed.

Q. Which portion of a news story contains the most essential information, answering 5 Ws and 1 H?
Kicker
Lead
Nut Graf
Byline

Explanation:

The Lead (or Lede) is the opening paragraph summarizing key facts (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How).

Q. Which document is officially distributed by a PR department to news outlets to announce a noteworthy event?
Press Release
Media Briefing Note
Advertorial
White Paper

Explanation:

A Press Release (or News Release) is a written communication sent to media members to announce news.

Q. An advertisement designed to resemble editorial content rather than commercial promotion is called an:
Classified Ad
Infomercial
Advertorial
Banner Ad

Explanation:

Advertorials combine 'advertisement' and 'editorial' content formats.

Q. What does SEO stand for in modern digital journalism?
Search Engine Optimization
Social Engagement Operations
Syndicated Electronic Outlets
Systematic Editorial Online

Explanation:

Search Engine Optimization ensures content ranks higher in organic web search engines.

Q. Under Pakistan law, PECA stands for:
Pakistan Electronic Content Act
Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act
Press & Electronic Communication Act
Public Electronic Censorship Authority

Explanation:

PECA refers to the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, enacted in 2016 to govern cybercrime and online media.

Q. The MacBride Report 'Many Voices, One World' was published under the auspices of which international body?
UNICEF
UNESCO
International Telecommunication Union
UNDP

Explanation:

UNESCO published the MacBride Report in 1980 to analyze global communication imbalances.

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