Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Mass Communication and Journalism Questions and Answers Questions
Q. Prior to independence, what was the status of princely states in India?
They had full independence from the British Government of India
They were directly governed by the British Government of India
The British Government held sovereignty over them
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The British Government held sovereignty over them

Q. A Normative Theory combining aspects of libertarianism and social responsibility theory is
Eastern belief
Western concept
Pluralism
Latin American value

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Western concept

Q. Who was the chairman of the Draft Akash Bharti Bill, 1978?
I.D. Tiwari
B.I. Ram Mohan Rao
B.G. Verghese
V. Sharda Prasad

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: B.G. Verghese

Q. "The media mould the tastes and preferences of the audience." Do You agree with this statement?
Yes! Fully
Partially! Some people are receptive to the messages while some others are not. Tastes and preferences do change but according to the socio-economic conditions of the audience. Complete transformation of tastes is a fallacy
No! Most of the people support or nurture those tastes and preferences that have gelled in their minds since their childhood years
No! People do not come out of the pace their mental inertia

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Partially! Some people are receptive to the messages while some others are not. Tastes and preferences do change but according to the socio-economic conditions of the audience. Complete transformation of tastes is a fallacy

Q. Find out the name of the Rishi who always carried 'Veena' with him.
Kanwa
Shukracharya
Durvasa
Narada

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Narada

Q. In which year the Supreme Court of India declared that 'the airwaves are the public property'?
1995
1994
1992
1993

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1995

Q. The Conditional Access System (CAS) allows the viewers to
select TV channels of their choice
interact with TV channels through the set-up boxes
none of these
cut down the costs of television viewing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: select TV channels of their choice

Q. Digital Citizenshipis about
The ability to decode, evaluate and create messages
the safe and responsible teehnology usage norms
fluency in technical matters
effeetive use of the digital media tools

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the safe and responsible teehnology usage norms

Q. The first Indian language newspaper published in India which is still continuing was . . . . . . . .
Nav Bharat Times
Mumbai Samachar
The Bengali Gazette
Kannada Samachar

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Mumbai Samachar

Q. When were 24 hour programming, mass advertising and sponsored programmes introduced on TV?
During the 1980s
In the new millennium
During the 1970s
During the 1960s

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: During the 1970s

Q. When was colour TV transmission started in India'?
In 1980
In 1982
In 1986
In 1979

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In 1982

Q. Some popular programmes of Vividh Bharati which are still running are . . . . . . . .
Sangeet Sarita, Hawa Mahal, Jaimala
All of the above
Sangeet Sarita, Hawa Mahal, Jaimala, Chhaya Geet
Sangeet Sarita, Bhoole Bisre Geet, Chhaya Geet

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The daily newspaper New India was established by . . . . . . . .
Mrs. Annie Besant
BG Horniman
S Sadanand
Phiroze Shah Mehta

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Mrs. Annie Besant

Q. Which Act was formulated in 1952?
The Right to Information Act
The Press Act
The Cinematography Act
Prasar Bharti Act

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The Cinematography Act

Q. The Second Press Commission of India recommended the establishment of . . . . . . . .
Media Competition Commission
Newspaper Development Corporation
Press Council of India
National Media Training Institute

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Newspaper Development Corporation

Q. Why is the repetition of a message necessary?
Costs come down as the messages are sent through the same vehicle, it is a commercial decision
Repeated advertisements create an image of the media in the minds of the targeted audience
Messages must be repeated, else what the advertising firms and TV/Radio stations would sit idle
The audience needs to be informed about the product, scenario or concept time and again, lest they should forget it altogether

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The audience needs to be informed about the product, scenario or concept time and again, lest they should forget it altogether

Q. The Indian Institute of Mass Communication was established in
1978
1947
1965
1977

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1965

Q. Identify the true statement.
Semantics is the technique of forming new words and phrases
A faulty telephone line is a barrier to communication
The National Herald once belonged to the TOI group
The full form of CNN is California Network and News

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A faulty telephone line is a barrier to communication

Q. A journalist need not be . . . . . . . . while covering an event.
inquisitive
domineering
impartial
meticulous

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: domineering

Q. The forms of new media provide users
all of the above
no influence over media decisions
connections to traditional media
more control over content

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: more control over content

Q. Which media would be ideal to attract the attention of children to sale chocolates to them?
Leaflets
TV (advertisements)
Radio
Newspapers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: TV (advertisements)

Q. The Hindi-speaking population of Punjab in 1957 resisted the fact that . . . . . . . .
Hindi was not made the state language
Haryanvi was not made the state language
Chandigarh was designated as the state capital
Punjabi was made the official state language and Gurumukhi the official script

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Punjabi was made the official state language and Gurumukhi the official script

Q. The Schramm's model of communication introduces
transmitter
encoder-decoder
signal
noise

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: encoder-decoder

Q. What are net sales in the parlance of book publishing?
None of these
The number of books or magazines sold by one retailer or bookshop
The number of books or magazines printed by a publisher at one time
The number of books or magazines available for sales

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The number of books or magazines printed by a publisher at one time

Q. Match the following.
a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3

Q. In which book does David Berlo propose his model of communication?
None of the above
The process of communication
Building communication theories
Introduction to mass media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The process of communication

Q. According to whom 'mass' exists only in the minds of elite?
James Lull
Chaslton
Raymond Williams
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. The power of media is described as
soft
hard
oppositional
harsh

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: soft

Q. To choose the news items for the newspaper and to correct the language, spelling and remove all the unimportant sentences are the functions of
sub-editor
reporter
writer
none of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sub-editor

Q. Who proposed the transactional model of communication?
Herbert
David Berlo
Karl Marx
Dean Barlund

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dean Barlund

Q. Formation of states in India based on the linguistic principle proved a success usually because . . . . . . . .
neither A nor B
they provided an opportunity for Indian languages to grow independently
their art and literature could be enriched with strong state support
both A and B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Which of the following country is a part of the security council?
Germany
Nepal
Japan
Russia

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Russia

Q. In which year was the Commercial Broadcasting Service of AIR was introduced?
In 1967
In 1968
In 1965
In 1966

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In 1967

Q. The Hindu concept of the 'Universe' is based on
Human existence
Relation between the living and the non-living elements
Cosmic man
Dahrma

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Cosmic man

Q. Idealistic culture presents
the presence of supernatural beliefs
sensations as a test of reality
blend of A and B
focus on rationality as central principle

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: blend of A and B

Q. What was Abhinavagupta?
The person who coined the word 'Sadharanikaran'
Critic of the Natya Shastra
Author of the Natya Shastra
Both A and B

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Critic of the Natya Shastra

Q. The cultural diversity can be strenghtened through globalisation by
providing the methods and funds to support the cultural groups
allowing people to maintain their distinct set of beliefs, practices and values
creations of knowledge communities
educating all to be a productive member of the international community

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: providing the methods and funds to support the cultural groups

Q. Whois the author of 'Saving the Media'?
Anil Dankar
Desmond Tutu
Olivier Blanchard
Julia Cage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Julia Cage

Q. Two step flow model of media influence was given by
Katz and Lazzafeld's
J. Willson
Me Coomf
Shaw

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Katz and Lazzafeld's

Q. According to Bacon, . . . . . . . . and . . . . . . . . required by speakers to have a high degree of accountability.
study and performance of communication
reason and morality
ethics and morality
reason and logics

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: reason and morality

Q. Normative theories differ from other theories of communication as they answer how the media
'expected to'
both A and B
none of these
'ought to'

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Critical theories of mass communication are . . . . . . . . in character.
insignificant
political
symbolic
iconi

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: political

Q. Reach and frequency of an advertisement is calculated by studying the targeted audience over a period of
4 weeks
3 months
4 months
6 weeks

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 4 weeks

Q. For Marxists, mass media, operates in
professional arena
arena of plural values
ideological arena
religious arena

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: ideological arena

Q. According to Buddhism, language and communication should pave the way to
Productivity
Critical introspection
Harmony
Liberation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Liberation

Q. With the introduction of broadcast TV programmes after 1945, how did broadcast radio meet the challenge?
Radio started giving more music programmes
None of the above
A large number of local Radio stations were established
FM Radio was introduced, which had high quality sound and was free from disturbances

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: FM Radio was introduced, which had high quality sound and was free from disturbances

Q. T.R.P. stands for
Target Rating Point
Trade Recall Percentage
Physical Training Institute
Physical Training Inspector

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Target Rating Point

Q. What is Adhan?
Recorded financial transactions
A section in Quran
A tool of oral communication
Sayings of Prophet Muhammad

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A tool of oral communication

Q. Agenda setting theory was introduced in
mathematical theory
the process of communication
the peoples choice
the public opinion quarterly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the public opinion quarterly

Q. Which of the following is not a topic in Journalism?
Conveying information to the public
Behavioural science
National and international issues
News and contemporary issues

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Conveying information to the public

Q. Major source of revenue of newspaper is
Selling newspaper
Subsidies
None of the above
Advertisements

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Advertisements

Q. The reason for starting the first external broadcasts by Akashvani was . . . . . . . .
to counter Nazi propaganda directed at the Afghans
to gain popularity overseas
to help the Allies to win the First World War
none of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: to counter Nazi propaganda directed at the Afghans

Q. Which of the following is not a mass communication exercise?
A radio announcer gives news in brief at 10.00 am on the FM channel
A van moves about in a village and a PA system aboard the van tells the villagers about the risks of acquiring AIDS
An Internet web site use multimedia presentation techniques to promote RMCGS
A sales mans talks to his client over telephone and asks for payment

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A sales mans talks to his client over telephone and asks for payment

Q. The English newspaper that decided to drop the publication of editorials in 2010 was
DNA
The Hindu
The Times of India
The Evening News

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: DNA

Q. Which country publishes maximum number of dailies in the world?
India
USA
UK
Japan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: India

Q. If we understand both journalism and mass communication, we can transform society by
both A and B
neither A nor B
telling others what to do
acting as a spokesperson for groups of people

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: acting as a spokesperson for groups of people

Q. What is a media plan?
A costing sheet for a media brief
An annexure of a media brief
A blueprint of execution schedule of an advertising campaign
Another name for an advertising campaign

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: A blueprint of execution schedule of an advertising campaign

Q. Special correspondents are invariably
not keen to dabble into the fields of regional, national and global politics
highly educated journalists
well connected in the highest echelons of (political) power
told to write en economy industry and the basic sciences

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: well connected in the highest echelons of (political) power

Q. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, the three Indian language dailies having the maximum circulation during the period January - June, 2018 were . . . . . . . .
Eenadu, Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhumi
Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and The Times of India
Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and Hindustan
Malayala Manorama, Daily Thanthi and Amar Ujala

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagaran and Hindustan

Q. ABC means
Audit Bureau of Certificate
Audit Bureau of Circulation
Advance Business Certificate
Advance Business Circulation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Audit Bureau of Circulation

Q. The MMS is a/an
visual media
audiovisual media
none of these
audio media

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: audiovisual media

Q. The term Press normally does not include
Internet web sites
Magazines
Journals
Newspapers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Internet web sites

Q. Print media is primarily not used as a tool for
gathering news and information
advertising products and services
none of the above
conducting marketing campaigns

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: none of the above

Q. Who proposed the ecological model of communication?
Warren Weaver
David Fougler
Antonio Gramsci
Ungurait and Bonn

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: David Fougler

Q. Under Section 8 (c) . . . . . . . . the Press Council of India started functioning as an appellate authority.
Prasar Bharti Act
None of the above
The Right to Information Act
PRB Act, 1867

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: PRB Act, 1867

Q. The Aristotelian model of communication does not include . . . . . . . . as a primary element in the communication process.
effect
occasion
feedback
audienc

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: feedback

Q. The . . . . . . . . . led the demand for a Marathi-speaking linguistic state.
Unnat Marathi Committee
Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti
Maratha newspaper
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti

Q. Which of the following is not a result of globalisation of the Indian entertainment sector?
Westernisation or the traditional culture
revaluation of the traditional cultural ideology
None of the above
the international media companies such as Walt Disney, 20 Century Fox started investing in this sector

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Westernisation or the traditional culture

Q. The Second Press Commission of India did not favour a code of ethics that was . . . . . . . .
substantial
formal
personal
informal

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: formal

Q. What does the book review correspondent do?
He interacts with the authors of various books but does not review books
He organises the book review panel
He reviews the books that are given to him for this purpose
He only screens the books and picks up the that would be reviewed by another person

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: He reviews the books that are given to him for this purpose

Q. Murphie and Potts criticise McLuhan's technological determinism for
to be simplistic
the process of technological innovation is not addressed
both A and B
technology does not operate only social change

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. Which newspaper carried an advertisement in 1875 announcing presentation of a force named "Lamentations of Bharat Mata with her Children"?
Kesari
The Tribune
Amrit Bazar Patrika
The Times of India

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrit Bazar Patrika

Q. Who among the following persisted in improving modernization model of development using the mass media?
Daniel Lerner
Wilbur Schsamn
All of the above
Lucian Pye

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the launch of the following newspapers.
Bengal Gazette, Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan
Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan, Bengal Gazette
Bombay Darpan, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Courier, Bengal Gazette
Bombay Samachar, Bombay Courier, Bombay Darpan, Bengal Gazette

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Bengal Gazette, Bombay Courier, Bombay Samachar, Bombay Darpan

Q. Identify the correct pair.
Marshall McLuhan ? Global village
Schramm ? Linear model
All of the above
Berlomodel ? Transmitter

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Marshall McLuhan ? Global village

Q. Electronic media is the most preferred medium around the world because . . . . . . . .
a real-time broadcast of different events is possible
it uses an easy to understand composite medium
all of the above
the message can be communicated to a large number of people instantly

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the above

Q. In the print media, the GRPS is equal to the
product of reach and the average size of the household
product of frequency and the average size of the household
number of advertising insertions in one campaign
none of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: number of advertising insertions in one campaign

Q. Silence is also a form of
communication
protest
rebellion
dissent

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: communication

Q. Indian anemia to the most extent has been influenced by Western films.
Indigenistion of foreign films through a formula of songs dance and melodrama in spite of Indian cinema.
A is false, but R is true
Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
A is true, but R is false
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Q. The major objective of a community radio station is
entertainment
economic profit
social inclusion
infotainment

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: social inclusion

Q. . . . . . . . . is called the mother of all models of communication.
Aristotle's model
Lasswell model
Berlo's model
Shannon weaver model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Shannon weaver model

Q. . . . . . . . . sustains economic development.
Economic equilibrium
Technological
Modernisation
Globalisation development

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Technological

Q. What is junk mail?
In the parlance of radio broadest, it refers to the receipt of phone calls by a Radio Jockey
In the parlance of TV viewing, it refers to the receipt of phone calls by a VJ
In the parlance of postal services, it refers to the receipt of sales letters and mailers
In the parlance of Internet operations, it refers to the receipt of pornographic and other socially irrelevant messages in an E-mail box

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: In the parlance of Internet operations, it refers to the receipt of pornographic and other socially irrelevant messages in an E-mail box

Q. Which one of the following was not part of the mandate of the First Press Commission to examine?
Methods of recruitment and training of journalists
Role of the press in a developing society
Existing systems in place for ensuring high standards of journalism
Management and ownership structures of newspapers, news agencies, etc.

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Role of the press in a developing society

Q. What has made it possible to beam programme across frontiers to diffferent parts of the world?
Short wave
Medium wave
Only long wave
Short wave and long wave broadcasing

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Short wave and long wave broadcasing

Q. Match the name of the Indian newspaper with the year in which it was launched.
a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

Q. Sender and . . . . . . . . should be available in all the communication.
feedback
receiver
message
channel

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: receiver

Q. Which of the following is not a part of the elements to be considered in the development of rhetoric?
Peripeteia
Ethos
Pathos
Kairos

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Peripeteia

Q. Which kind of the discussions gives an insight into persons inter active skills in a group?
None of these
Personal discussion
Public discussion
Group discussion

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Group discussion

Q. "Books are also mass communication tools." Do agree with this statement?
Yes, they disseminate information
No, they are limited due to being subject specific
None of the above
No, they are not used for entertainment and mass media focuses on entertainment

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Yes, they disseminate information

Q. The various opportunities for countries to break out of traditional models of education and work have been made possible with
Increase in media education
Media literacy
The creation of knowledge communities
Globalisation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The creation of knowledge communities

Q. Which of the following is correctly paired?
Natya Shastra ? Bharata Muni
Linear Model of Communication ? Buddha
Rhetoric ? Bacon
Quran ? Abu Bakar

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Natya Shastra ? Bharata Muni

Q. The art of listening can help a person become a good communicator. How is that so?
Good listeners can become good executives and leaders
If he listens to the other person carefully, he would be able to understand his viewpoint with case and thus send his message to him accordingly
Patient listeners quite often win the hearts of speaker
He would become more patient if he listens to the other person

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: If he listens to the other person carefully, he would be able to understand his viewpoint with case and thus send his message to him accordingly

Q. The Second Press Commission of India recommended the removal of Section 5 of the . . . . . . . .
Press Council Act, 1978
Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867
Official Secrets Act, 1923
Contempt of Courts Act, 1971

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Official Secrets Act, 1923

Q. Max Weber adds to Marx's theory an aspect of
political power
social structure
both A and B
people's reaction

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: both A and B

Q. A type of theory that describes an ideal way for media systems to be structured and operated is referred to as
Archaic theory
Normative theory
Scientific theory
Value systems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Normative theory

Q. Kill in media language means . . . . . . . .
Eliminate
Move
Shoot
Hold

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Eliminate

Q. Who installed the first steam printing press?
John Walter
John Walter II
John Dome
Johan Milton

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: John Walter II

Q. In what period, do the scholars trace the first attempts to develop theories of communication?
1500 BC - 600BC
500 BC - 500AD
200 BC - 200AD
300 BC

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 200 BC - 200AD

Q. The first Indian news agency floated by KC Roy in 1940 was
Free Press of India (FPI)
Associated Press of India (API)
Press News Bureau (PNB)
Press Trust of India (PTI)

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Associated Press of India (API)

Q. A Bromide paper is used in
Both B and C
Laser Printing
Photography
Camera

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both B and C

Q. The promotion of the study of English is suggessted by
Models of Communication
Media Literacy
Globalisation
New Education Policy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: New Education Policy

Q. The Aristotelian model of communication is criticised for
the use of the model for public speaking only
lack of concepts of communication failure resulting from noise or language barriers etc.
All of the above
its unitarily-only one way from speaker to audience

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Short wave frequencies are used for radio communication of . . . . . . . . distance.
long
specific
location specific
short

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: long

Q. The Second Press Commission was appointed in
1983
1972
1963
1978

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1983

Q. The first Indian language newspaper was
Digdarshan
Mirat-ul-Akhbar
Bangadoota
Samachar

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Digdarshan

Q. . . . . . . . . is the father figure of administrative research.
Marshall McLuhan
Denis Mcquail
Lazarfield
Karl Marx

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Lazarfield

Q. The non-probability technique used in Survey research is
purposive sample
all the above
quota sample
accidental sample

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all the above

Q. Identify the writer who belonged to new Journalism in 1960s and 1970s
Ubtan Sinclair
Tom Wolfe
Gerard Goggin
J. Tuchman

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ubtan Sinclair

Q. An interview is a type of
mass communication
multiadic communication
dyadic communication
none of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: dyadic communication

Q. Identify the correct chronological sequence of the following newspapers.
The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya
Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times
Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald, Amrita Bazar Patrika
Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrita Bazar Patrika, Swarajya, The Hindustan Times, Deccan Herald

Q. Indian language newspapers have increased their circulation in recent years due to . . . . . . . .
higher literacy of migrants from rural areas to cities
increase in content related to Bollywood movies
all of the above
reducing the prices of various editions of the newspapers

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: higher literacy of migrants from rural areas to cities

Q. The Cyclical Theory focus on
rise of civilisation
four stages oflife cycle
Both A and B
fall of civilisation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Both A and B

Q. Media criticism, that reports the truth is essential to
capture and hold audiences
highlight the truth
maintenance of democracy
influence people's perceptions and actions

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: maintenance of democracy

Q. The language that is recognised as the common language for communications is
French
Spanish
English
Chinese

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: English

Q. What makes communication?
1. Sender
2. Channel
3. Receiver
4. Feedback
Select the correct answer:
1, 3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 3 only
All of the above
1, 2 and 4 only

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. Which of the following was considered as 'Gagging Act'?
Indian Penal Code
Press (Emergency) Powers Act, 1931
Vernacular Press Act
Indian Press Code

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Vernacular Press Act

Q. Marattha' was the sister publication of . . . . . . . .
Sakal
Maharashtra Times
Lok Satta
Kesari

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Kesari

Q. Sun is a tabloid being published from
London
Kolkata
Gotenburg
San Francisco

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: London

Q. Who developed the first paper for the mankind?
The Aryans
The Mayans
The Chinese
The Sumerians

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: The Chinese

Q. The ability to access, analyse, evaluate and communicate media messages is known as
media dependency
media literacy
critical theory
cultural criticism

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: media literacy

Q. Identity the correct sequence of authors according to the time they wrote in
Aristotle, St Augustine, Bharata Muni, John Quincey Adams
St Augustine, Bharata Muni, Aristotle, John Quincey Adams
Aristotle, Bharata Muni, John Quincey Adams, St Augustine
Bharata Muni, Aristotle, St Augustine, John Quincey Adams

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Bharata Muni, Aristotle, St Augustine, John Quincey Adams

Q. Identify the correct sequence of the development of their concepts
Sthai rasa, Aahan, Rhetoric, Media literacy
Aahan, Sthai rasa, Rhetoric, Media literacy
Rhetoric, Aahan, Sthai rasa, Media literacy
Sthai rasa, Rhetoric, Media literacy, Aahan

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Sthai rasa, Aahan, Rhetoric, Media literacy

Q. Who Invented the TV?
Chester Carlson
John Logic Baird
Alexander Graham Bell
C Francis Jenkins

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: John Logic Baird

Q. Which of the following is not a part of seven C's of communication?
Clarity
Content
Curiosity
Channels

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Curiosity

Q. Inner margin of a bookor document refers to
gutter
colophan
swash
foot note

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: foot note

Q. Arrange the following in chronological order starting with the earliest.
1. Radio broadcasting started in India
2. TV became a dominant media force
3. TV broadcasting started in the world
4. Satellite TV channels started in India
1, 3, 2, 4
3, 2, 4, 1
2, 4, 1, 3
4, 3, 1, 2

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1, 3, 2, 4

Q. Interactive model of communication is
poly directional model
one way model
two way model
cyclical model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: two way model

Q. Who enforced the Vernacular Press Act?
East India Company
Lord Lytton
Queen Victoria
Lord Canning

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Lord Lytton

Q. The promoter of a product cannot deliver the following to a mass audience through the currently used media vehicles.
Products
He can deliver literally anything through such vehicles
Music
Information

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Products

Q. Which of the following is true for informal communication?
It promotes better high speed
It has a high speed
It enhances performances of people through the use cf grapevine
It promotes harmony and resolves many problems

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It enhances performances of people through the use cf grapevine

Q. Sensational, often irresponsible journalism is identified as
Parachute Journalism
Yellow Journalism
Party Press
Neo-Journalism

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Yellow Journalism

Q. In what manner did the broadcast and print media has ten the formation of Telangana?
They sensationalised the agitation-related incidents
They exaggerated the portrayal of the initial phase of the Telangana agitation
All of the above
They became involved in the political drama

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All of the above

Q. The Indian Institute of Mass Communication was established at
Kolkata
New Delhi
Bangalore
Mumbai

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: New Delhi

Q. Which of the following theorists has not given a model of communication?
Marshall McLuhan
Aristotle
David Berlo
Karl Marx

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Karl Marx

Q. . . . . . . . . suggested that technology affected the society both directly and indirectly.
Karl Marx
Marshall McLuhan
W. F. Qgbum
Denis Mcquail

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: W. F. Qgbum

Q. Advertisements interpretation, evaluation, creation is a part of
Visual literacy
Digital literacy
Information literacy
Audio-visual literacy

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Visual literacy

Q. How do the big five countries dominate over the developing countries?
By influencing their decisions
By exploiting them
By pressurising them to submit to their ideology
None of the above

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: By pressurising them to submit to their ideology

Q. Headlines are generally given by
B and C
page designer
reporter
sub-editors

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: sub-editors

Q. When did private TV channels start in India?
1991
December, 1994
June, 1992
January, 1992

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1991

Q. Three basic models of mass communication include
Publicity model
Transactional model
Hub model
Reception model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Publicity model

Q. Identify the correct order of stages of social change given by August Comte.
None of the above
Metaphysical stage - theological stage - positive or scientific stage
Theological stage - metaphysical stage - positive or scientific stage
Positive or scientific stage - metaphysical stage - theological stage

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Theological stage - metaphysical stage - positive or scientific stage

Q. This newspaper was Vernacular in origin but overnight it became English because of the enactment of Vernacular Press Act of 1878.
Anand Bazar Patrika
Amrita Bazar Patrika
Patrika
Bengalee

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Amrita Bazar Patrika

Q. A science correspondent should have an academic background in
journalism and feature writing
the basic sciences
the social sciences
an engineering steam

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: the basic sciences

Q. Which of the following is not a responsibility of the media?
All the above
Commenting on the contemporary sociopolitical scenario
Dissemination of the news
Passing remarks on the personal lives of film stars

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Passing remarks on the personal lives of film stars

Q. Wireless telegraphy was developed by
Thomas Alva Edison
Guglielmo Marconi
James Watt
Heinrich Hertz

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Guglielmo Marconi

Q. Mass communication traditionally tends to be
all of the above
communication from one (or a few) to many
communication to an audience that is largely a passive recipient of messages with little or no opportunity for immediate feedback
one way

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of the above

Q. A later adaptor of Newcomb's model and addresses it self particularly to various formal media related to mass communication.
Theodore model
George model
None of these
Westley and Mclean model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Westley and Mclean model

Q. When was the Press Laws Enquiry Committee appointed?
1956
1951
1947
1948

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: 1947

Q. Which of the following is not a basic element of social change?
Scope of change
Directions of change
Mechanisms of change
Structural aspects of change

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Scope of change

Q. James Carey proposed the
Ritual model of communication
Reception model of communication
Publicity model of communication
Hub model of communication

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Ritual model of communication

Q. The concept of Midful Journalism has drawn inspiration from
Buddhism
Hinduism
Christianity
Daoism

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Buddhism

Q. Identify the incorrect pair.
Normative theory ? Free press
None of the above
Individual difference theory ? Selective exposure
Sociological theory ? User and gratification

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: None of the above

Q. How is gobalisation changing the culture of the urban areas?
By educating them in media
By influencing their behavioural patterns
By forcing the members of society to accept one ideology
By changing the society into consumerist one

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: By forcing the members of society to accept one ideology

Q. Match the year with the name of the newspaper launched in USA in that year.
a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3

Q. With the introduction of various channels of mass communication, people were easily able to
verbally communicate with each other
discuss with others events of their daily lives
all of the above
advertise their products and services

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: advertise their products and services

Q. Match the year/ time period with the event related to paper and printing.
a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3
a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1
a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3

Q. A model, which sees communication essentially as a process of transmission.
Gerbner's model
None of these
McQuail model
Theodore model

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gerbner's model

Q. Which media does not make the use of eyes and ears simultaneously?
TV advertisements
SMS
MMS
Cinema

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: SMS

Q. What is Internet Addiction Disorder?
It is a state of discontent that arises done to faulty transmission of E-mail massages
None of these
It is the change in the psyche of children because of their addiction to the Net
It is the change in the behaviour of an Internet user due to consistent use of Internet based services; such a user becomes secluded depressed and easily angry

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: It is the change in the behaviour of an Internet user due to consistent use of Internet based services; such a user becomes secluded depressed and easily angry

Q. 'Navjiwan' was started by
Jawahar Lal Nehru
Moti Lal Nehru
Kalanath Shastri
Gandhiji

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: Gandhiji

Q. The information society works towards . . . . . . . . of data.
integration
manipulation
oration
all of these

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: all of these

Q. Which of the following is not correctly paired?
All of the above
The Press (Objectionable Matter) Act ? 1951
First Press Commission ? 1977
The Cinematography Act ? 1952

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: First Press Commission ? 1977

Q. What is the job of development reporter?
All the above
To create an atmosphere of under standing the objectives of the schemes
To inform readers, listeners & viewers about various plans
To help in creating awareness about the developmental issues

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: All the above

Q. The publicity model of mass communication focuses on
negative opinions
criticism
attention
ideation

Explanation:

The correct answer to the question is: attention

Q. Which communication model is widely known as the 'Mathematical Model of Communication'?
Shannon-Weaver Model
Lasswell's Formula Model
Berlo's SMCR Model
Schramm's Interactive Model

Explanation:

Developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949, it was initially created for telecommunication systems and information theory.

Q. The concept of 'Field of Experience' was prominently introduced in which communication model?
Schramm's Model
White's Gatekeeping Model
Shannon-Weaver Model
Aristotle's Model

Explanation:

Wilbur Schramm emphasized that effective communication occurs only when the field of experience between sender and receiver overlaps.

Q. Who formulated the five-question paradigm: 'Who, Says What, In Which Channel, To Whom, With What Effect'?
George Gerbner
David Berlo
Marshall McLuhan
Harold Lasswell

Explanation:

Harold Lasswell introduced this classic linear model in 1948 to analyze mass communication.

Q. Cultivation Theory, which suggests long-term TV viewing shapes heavy viewers' perception of reality, was developed by:
Maxwell McCombs
Everett Rogers
George Gerbner
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

Explanation:

George Gerbner introduced Cultivation Theory through the Cultural Indicators project.

Q. The 'Spiral of Silence' theory posits that people remain silent when they feel their opinion is in the:
Majority
Dominant Paradigm
Neutral Zone
Minority

Explanation:

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann's theory states individuals withhold views when they perceive themselves in the minority due to fear of isolation.

Q. Which newspaper was founded by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1941 to represent Muslims of Subcontinent?
Zamindar
Dawn
Nawa-i-Waqt
The Pakistan Times

Explanation:

Dawn was established in Delhi in 1941 as a mouthpiece for the All-India Muslim League.

Q. Who was the editor of the influential anti-colonial Urdu newspaper 'Zamindar'?
Hasrat Mohani
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Explanation:

Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, known as the father of Urdu journalism, edited Zamindar.

Q. When did Pakistan Television (PTV) start its regular broadcast transmissions in Lahore?
23 March 1956
14 August 1947
26 November 1964
6 September 1971

Explanation:

PTV commenced its official black-and-white broadcast service on November 26, 1964, from Lahore.

Q. In newspaper terminology, a 'Dateline' refers to:
The publication date on the front banner
The expiration date of copyrighted material
The location and date of the news origin
The deadline given to news reporters

Explanation:

A dateline indicates the location from which a story originated and the date on which it was filed.

Q. Which portion of a news story contains the most essential information, answering 5 Ws and 1 H?
Kicker
Byline
Lead
Nut Graf

Explanation:

The Lead (or Lede) is the opening paragraph summarizing key facts (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How).

Q. Which document is officially distributed by a PR department to news outlets to announce a noteworthy event?
Media Briefing Note
White Paper
Advertorial
Press Release

Explanation:

A Press Release (or News Release) is a written communication sent to media members to announce news.

Q. An advertisement designed to resemble editorial content rather than commercial promotion is called an:
Banner Ad
Classified Ad
Advertorial
Infomercial

Explanation:

Advertorials combine 'advertisement' and 'editorial' content formats.

Q. What does SEO stand for in modern digital journalism?
Systematic Editorial Online
Search Engine Optimization
Syndicated Electronic Outlets
Social Engagement Operations

Explanation:

Search Engine Optimization ensures content ranks higher in organic web search engines.

Q. Under Pakistan law, PECA stands for:
Press & Electronic Communication Act
Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act
Pakistan Electronic Content Act
Public Electronic Censorship Authority

Explanation:

PECA refers to the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, enacted in 2016 to govern cybercrime and online media.

Q. The MacBride Report 'Many Voices, One World' was published under the auspices of which international body?
UNICEF
International Telecommunication Union
UNESCO
UNDP

Explanation:

UNESCO published the MacBride Report in 1980 to analyze global communication imbalances.

```