Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Novel & Prose Questions
Q. The novel as a literary genre rose to prominence in which century?
18th century
20th century
16th century
14th century

Explanation:

The English novel rose in the 18th century, with Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding as pioneers.

Q. 'Pamela' (1740) was written by:
Samuel Richardson
Daniel Defoe
Laurence Sterne
Henry Fielding

Explanation:

Samuel Richardson wrote Pamela, an epistolary novel considered a landmark in the development of the English novel.

Q. 'Tom Jones' (1749) was written by:
Tobias Smollett
Laurence Sterne
Samuel Richardson
Henry Fielding

Explanation:

Henry Fielding wrote Tom Jones, a picaresque comic novel.

Q. 'Tristram Shandy' was written by:
Laurence Sterne
Henry Fielding
Jonathan Swift
Samuel Richardson

Explanation:

Laurence Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy (1759–67), an experimental novel notable for digressions.

Q. The Brontë sisters published their novels under the pen names:
Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell
George Eliot and others
Various male names
Lewis Carroll and others

Explanation:

Charlotte (Currer Bell), Emily (Ellis Bell), and Anne (Acton Bell) used male pseudonyms.

Q. George Eliot was the pen name of:
Charlotte Brontë
Mary Ann Evans
Jane Austen
Emily Brontë

Explanation:

George Eliot was the pen name of Mary Ann Evans.

Q. 'Middlemarch' was written by:
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens
Anthony Trollope
George Eliot

Explanation:

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) wrote Middlemarch (1871–72), considered one of the greatest English novels.

Q. 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' was written by:
Charles Dickens
Thomas Hardy
George Eliot
George Meredith

Explanation:

Thomas Hardy wrote Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), a tragic novel about a rural woman.

Q. 'Great Expectations' is a novel by:
Charles Dickens
George Eliot
Thomas Hardy
William Thackeray

Explanation:

Charles Dickens wrote Great Expectations (1860–61), a bildungsroman about Pip.

Q. 'Vanity Fair' was written by:
George Eliot
William Thackeray
Charles Dickens
Anthony Trollope

Explanation:

William Makepeace Thackeray wrote Vanity Fair (1847–48), a satirical novel of Victorian society.

Q. 'Mrs Dalloway' was written by:
E.M. Forster
D.H. Lawrence
James Joyce
Virginia Woolf

Explanation:

Virginia Woolf wrote Mrs Dalloway (1925), a modernist novel covering a single day in London.

Q. 'Ulysses' (1922) was written by:
Franz Kafka
Marcel Proust
Virginia Woolf
James Joyce

Explanation:

James Joyce wrote Ulysses, a landmark Modernist novel set on a single day (June 16, 1904) in Dublin.

Q. Ulysses is structured around which classical work?
Virgil's Aeneid
Milton's Paradise Lost
Homer's Odyssey
Dante's Divine Comedy

Explanation:

Ulysses parallels Homer's Odyssey, with each chapter corresponding to episodes.

Q. 'The Sound and the Fury' was written by:
Ernest Hemingway
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald
John Steinbeck

Explanation:

William Faulkner wrote The Sound and the Fury (1929), set in the American South.

Q. 'The Grapes of Wrath' was written by:
F. Scott Fitzgerald
William Faulkner
Ernest Hemingway
John Steinbeck

Explanation:

John Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath (1939), about Dust Bowl migrants during the Great Depression.

Q. 'To Kill a Mockingbird' was written by:
Flannery O'Connor
Truman Capote
Harper Lee
Carson McCullers

Explanation:

Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), about racial injustice in the American South.

Q. 'Lord of the Flies' was written by:
Anthony Burgess
George Orwell
Aldous Huxley
William Golding

Explanation:

William Golding wrote Lord of the Flies (1954), an allegory about boys stranded on an island.

Q. 'Brave New World' was written by:
George Orwell
Ray Bradbury
H.G. Wells
Aldous Huxley

Explanation:

Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World (1932), a dystopian novel about a genetically engineered future society.

Q. 'A Passage to India' was written by:
Somerset Maugham
Rudyard Kipling
Paul Scott
E.M. Forster

Explanation:

E.M. Forster wrote A Passage to India (1924), set during the British Raj.

Q. An epistolary novel is written as:
A single monologue
A diary of one day
A series of letters
A poem sequence

Explanation:

An epistolary novel is composed primarily of letters (e.g., Pamela, Dracula).

Q. A bildungsroman is a novel about:
Coming-of-age and personal growth
Historical events
Detective investigations
A journey to a foreign land

Explanation:

Bildungsroman means a 'coming-of-age' novel focusing on the protagonist's psychological and moral growth.

Q. A roman à clef is a novel that:
Follows a strict plot structure
Disguises real people as fictional characters
Focuses on a single day
Is written in Latin

Explanation:

A roman à clef ('novel with a key') masks real people behind fictional characters.

Q. A picaresque novel typically features:
A single tragic event
A philosophical debate
A roguish hero's episodic adventures
A fixed setting only

Explanation:

A picaresque novel follows a roguish hero (picaro) through episodic adventures (e.g., Tom Jones, Don Quixote).

Q. Stream of consciousness as a narrative technique is most associated with:
Modernist writers like Woolf and Joyce
Romantic poets
Victorian novelists
Augustan satirists

Explanation:

Stream of consciousness is associated with modernists like Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.

Q. The 'theatre of the absurd' overlaps most with which novelistic mode?
Detective fiction
Existentialist and absurdist fiction
Historical romance
Sentimental comedy

Explanation:

Absurdist fiction (Beckett, Kafka) shares with absurdist drama the theme of existential meaninglessness.

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