Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Novel & Prose Questions
Q. The novel as a literary genre rose to prominence in which century?
14th century
16th century
20th century
18th century

Explanation:

The English novel rose in the 18th century, with Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding as pioneers.

Q. 'Pamela' (1740) was written by:
Henry Fielding
Laurence Sterne
Daniel Defoe
Samuel Richardson

Explanation:

Samuel Richardson wrote Pamela, an epistolary novel considered a landmark in the development of the English novel.

Q. 'Tom Jones' (1749) was written by:
Laurence Sterne
Tobias Smollett
Henry Fielding
Samuel Richardson

Explanation:

Henry Fielding wrote Tom Jones, a picaresque comic novel.

Q. 'Tristram Shandy' was written by:
Henry Fielding
Jonathan Swift
Samuel Richardson
Laurence Sterne

Explanation:

Laurence Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy (1759–67), an experimental novel notable for digressions.

Q. The Brontë sisters published their novels under the pen names:
George Eliot and others
Various male names
Lewis Carroll and others
Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell

Explanation:

Charlotte (Currer Bell), Emily (Ellis Bell), and Anne (Acton Bell) used male pseudonyms.

Q. George Eliot was the pen name of:
Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë
Jane Austen
Mary Ann Evans

Explanation:

George Eliot was the pen name of Mary Ann Evans.

Q. 'Middlemarch' was written by:
Charles Dickens
Anthony Trollope
George Eliot
Thomas Hardy

Explanation:

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) wrote Middlemarch (1871–72), considered one of the greatest English novels.

Q. 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' was written by:
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens
George Eliot
George Meredith

Explanation:

Thomas Hardy wrote Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), a tragic novel about a rural woman.

Q. 'Great Expectations' is a novel by:
George Eliot
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens
William Thackeray

Explanation:

Charles Dickens wrote Great Expectations (1860–61), a bildungsroman about Pip.

Q. 'Vanity Fair' was written by:
Anthony Trollope
George Eliot
William Thackeray
Charles Dickens

Explanation:

William Makepeace Thackeray wrote Vanity Fair (1847–48), a satirical novel of Victorian society.

Q. 'Mrs Dalloway' was written by:
James Joyce
Virginia Woolf
D.H. Lawrence
E.M. Forster

Explanation:

Virginia Woolf wrote Mrs Dalloway (1925), a modernist novel covering a single day in London.

Q. 'Ulysses' (1922) was written by:
Franz Kafka
Virginia Woolf
James Joyce
Marcel Proust

Explanation:

James Joyce wrote Ulysses, a landmark Modernist novel set on a single day (June 16, 1904) in Dublin.

Q. Ulysses is structured around which classical work?
Dante's Divine Comedy
Homer's Odyssey
Virgil's Aeneid
Milton's Paradise Lost

Explanation:

Ulysses parallels Homer's Odyssey, with each chapter corresponding to episodes.

Q. 'The Sound and the Fury' was written by:
Ernest Hemingway
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
William Faulkner

Explanation:

William Faulkner wrote The Sound and the Fury (1929), set in the American South.

Q. 'The Grapes of Wrath' was written by:
John Steinbeck
Ernest Hemingway
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald

Explanation:

John Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath (1939), about Dust Bowl migrants during the Great Depression.

Q. 'To Kill a Mockingbird' was written by:
Truman Capote
Harper Lee
Carson McCullers
Flannery O'Connor

Explanation:

Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), about racial injustice in the American South.

Q. 'Lord of the Flies' was written by:
Anthony Burgess
George Orwell
Aldous Huxley
William Golding

Explanation:

William Golding wrote Lord of the Flies (1954), an allegory about boys stranded on an island.

Q. 'Brave New World' was written by:
Ray Bradbury
H.G. Wells
George Orwell
Aldous Huxley

Explanation:

Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World (1932), a dystopian novel about a genetically engineered future society.

Q. 'A Passage to India' was written by:
E.M. Forster
Rudyard Kipling
Paul Scott
Somerset Maugham

Explanation:

E.M. Forster wrote A Passage to India (1924), set during the British Raj.

Q. An epistolary novel is written as:
A diary of one day
A poem sequence
A single monologue
A series of letters

Explanation:

An epistolary novel is composed primarily of letters (e.g., Pamela, Dracula).

Q. A bildungsroman is a novel about:
Historical events
A journey to a foreign land
Detective investigations
Coming-of-age and personal growth

Explanation:

Bildungsroman means a 'coming-of-age' novel focusing on the protagonist's psychological and moral growth.

Q. A roman à clef is a novel that:
Follows a strict plot structure
Disguises real people as fictional characters
Is written in Latin
Focuses on a single day

Explanation:

A roman à clef ('novel with a key') masks real people behind fictional characters.

Q. A picaresque novel typically features:
A roguish hero's episodic adventures
A single tragic event
A philosophical debate
A fixed setting only

Explanation:

A picaresque novel follows a roguish hero (picaro) through episodic adventures (e.g., Tom Jones, Don Quixote).

Q. Stream of consciousness as a narrative technique is most associated with:
Augustan satirists
Modernist writers like Woolf and Joyce
Victorian novelists
Romantic poets

Explanation:

Stream of consciousness is associated with modernists like Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.

Q. The 'theatre of the absurd' overlaps most with which novelistic mode?
Historical romance
Sentimental comedy
Detective fiction
Existentialist and absurdist fiction

Explanation:

Absurdist fiction (Beckett, Kafka) shares with absurdist drama the theme of existential meaninglessness.

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