Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Novel & Prose Questions
Q. The novel as a literary genre rose to prominence in which century?
14th century
16th century
20th century
18th century

Explanation:

The English novel rose in the 18th century, with Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding as pioneers.

Q. 'Pamela' (1740) was written by:
Laurence Sterne
Samuel Richardson
Daniel Defoe
Henry Fielding

Explanation:

Samuel Richardson wrote Pamela, an epistolary novel considered a landmark in the development of the English novel.

Q. 'Tom Jones' (1749) was written by:
Tobias Smollett
Laurence Sterne
Samuel Richardson
Henry Fielding

Explanation:

Henry Fielding wrote Tom Jones, a picaresque comic novel.

Q. 'Tristram Shandy' was written by:
Henry Fielding
Samuel Richardson
Laurence Sterne
Jonathan Swift

Explanation:

Laurence Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy (1759–67), an experimental novel notable for digressions.

Q. The Brontë sisters published their novels under the pen names:
Various male names
George Eliot and others
Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell
Lewis Carroll and others

Explanation:

Charlotte (Currer Bell), Emily (Ellis Bell), and Anne (Acton Bell) used male pseudonyms.

Q. George Eliot was the pen name of:
Emily Brontë
Jane Austen
Mary Ann Evans
Charlotte Brontë

Explanation:

George Eliot was the pen name of Mary Ann Evans.

Q. 'Middlemarch' was written by:
Anthony Trollope
George Eliot
Charles Dickens
Thomas Hardy

Explanation:

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) wrote Middlemarch (1871–72), considered one of the greatest English novels.

Q. 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' was written by:
Charles Dickens
Thomas Hardy
George Eliot
George Meredith

Explanation:

Thomas Hardy wrote Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), a tragic novel about a rural woman.

Q. 'Great Expectations' is a novel by:
George Eliot
William Thackeray
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens

Explanation:

Charles Dickens wrote Great Expectations (1860–61), a bildungsroman about Pip.

Q. 'Vanity Fair' was written by:
Charles Dickens
William Thackeray
George Eliot
Anthony Trollope

Explanation:

William Makepeace Thackeray wrote Vanity Fair (1847–48), a satirical novel of Victorian society.

Q. 'Mrs Dalloway' was written by:
E.M. Forster
Virginia Woolf
D.H. Lawrence
James Joyce

Explanation:

Virginia Woolf wrote Mrs Dalloway (1925), a modernist novel covering a single day in London.

Q. 'Ulysses' (1922) was written by:
James Joyce
Franz Kafka
Marcel Proust
Virginia Woolf

Explanation:

James Joyce wrote Ulysses, a landmark Modernist novel set on a single day (June 16, 1904) in Dublin.

Q. Ulysses is structured around which classical work?
Homer's Odyssey
Virgil's Aeneid
Milton's Paradise Lost
Dante's Divine Comedy

Explanation:

Ulysses parallels Homer's Odyssey, with each chapter corresponding to episodes.

Q. 'The Sound and the Fury' was written by:
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
William Faulkner
Ernest Hemingway

Explanation:

William Faulkner wrote The Sound and the Fury (1929), set in the American South.

Q. 'The Grapes of Wrath' was written by:
John Steinbeck
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway

Explanation:

John Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath (1939), about Dust Bowl migrants during the Great Depression.

Q. 'To Kill a Mockingbird' was written by:
Carson McCullers
Truman Capote
Harper Lee
Flannery O'Connor

Explanation:

Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), about racial injustice in the American South.

Q. 'Lord of the Flies' was written by:
Aldous Huxley
Anthony Burgess
George Orwell
William Golding

Explanation:

William Golding wrote Lord of the Flies (1954), an allegory about boys stranded on an island.

Q. 'Brave New World' was written by:
George Orwell
H.G. Wells
Aldous Huxley
Ray Bradbury

Explanation:

Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World (1932), a dystopian novel about a genetically engineered future society.

Q. 'A Passage to India' was written by:
Somerset Maugham
Rudyard Kipling
Paul Scott
E.M. Forster

Explanation:

E.M. Forster wrote A Passage to India (1924), set during the British Raj.

Q. An epistolary novel is written as:
A diary of one day
A poem sequence
A single monologue
A series of letters

Explanation:

An epistolary novel is composed primarily of letters (e.g., Pamela, Dracula).

Q. A bildungsroman is a novel about:
Historical events
Coming-of-age and personal growth
Detective investigations
A journey to a foreign land

Explanation:

Bildungsroman means a 'coming-of-age' novel focusing on the protagonist's psychological and moral growth.

Q. A roman à clef is a novel that:
Is written in Latin
Follows a strict plot structure
Disguises real people as fictional characters
Focuses on a single day

Explanation:

A roman à clef ('novel with a key') masks real people behind fictional characters.

Q. A picaresque novel typically features:
A single tragic event
A fixed setting only
A philosophical debate
A roguish hero's episodic adventures

Explanation:

A picaresque novel follows a roguish hero (picaro) through episodic adventures (e.g., Tom Jones, Don Quixote).

Q. Stream of consciousness as a narrative technique is most associated with:
Victorian novelists
Augustan satirists
Romantic poets
Modernist writers like Woolf and Joyce

Explanation:

Stream of consciousness is associated with modernists like Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.

Q. The 'theatre of the absurd' overlaps most with which novelistic mode?
Historical romance
Sentimental comedy
Existentialist and absurdist fiction
Detective fiction

Explanation:

Absurdist fiction (Beckett, Kafka) shares with absurdist drama the theme of existential meaninglessness.

```