Here is the completely updated `question.php`. I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages. Replace your entire `question.php` with this: ```php Novel & Prose Questions
Q. The novel as a literary genre rose to prominence in which century?
20th century
18th century
14th century
16th century

Explanation:

The English novel rose in the 18th century, with Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding as pioneers.

Q. 'Pamela' (1740) was written by:
Henry Fielding
Laurence Sterne
Samuel Richardson
Daniel Defoe

Explanation:

Samuel Richardson wrote Pamela, an epistolary novel considered a landmark in the development of the English novel.

Q. 'Tom Jones' (1749) was written by:
Tobias Smollett
Henry Fielding
Laurence Sterne
Samuel Richardson

Explanation:

Henry Fielding wrote Tom Jones, a picaresque comic novel.

Q. 'Tristram Shandy' was written by:
Henry Fielding
Laurence Sterne
Jonathan Swift
Samuel Richardson

Explanation:

Laurence Sterne wrote Tristram Shandy (1759–67), an experimental novel notable for digressions.

Q. The Brontë sisters published their novels under the pen names:
George Eliot and others
Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell
Various male names
Lewis Carroll and others

Explanation:

Charlotte (Currer Bell), Emily (Ellis Bell), and Anne (Acton Bell) used male pseudonyms.

Q. George Eliot was the pen name of:
Mary Ann Evans
Jane Austen
Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë

Explanation:

George Eliot was the pen name of Mary Ann Evans.

Q. 'Middlemarch' was written by:
Anthony Trollope
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens
George Eliot

Explanation:

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) wrote Middlemarch (1871–72), considered one of the greatest English novels.

Q. 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles' was written by:
George Eliot
Thomas Hardy
George Meredith
Charles Dickens

Explanation:

Thomas Hardy wrote Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), a tragic novel about a rural woman.

Q. 'Great Expectations' is a novel by:
William Thackeray
George Eliot
Charles Dickens
Thomas Hardy

Explanation:

Charles Dickens wrote Great Expectations (1860–61), a bildungsroman about Pip.

Q. 'Vanity Fair' was written by:
George Eliot
Charles Dickens
William Thackeray
Anthony Trollope

Explanation:

William Makepeace Thackeray wrote Vanity Fair (1847–48), a satirical novel of Victorian society.

Q. 'Mrs Dalloway' was written by:
Virginia Woolf
D.H. Lawrence
E.M. Forster
James Joyce

Explanation:

Virginia Woolf wrote Mrs Dalloway (1925), a modernist novel covering a single day in London.

Q. 'Ulysses' (1922) was written by:
Virginia Woolf
Marcel Proust
Franz Kafka
James Joyce

Explanation:

James Joyce wrote Ulysses, a landmark Modernist novel set on a single day (June 16, 1904) in Dublin.

Q. Ulysses is structured around which classical work?
Virgil's Aeneid
Dante's Divine Comedy
Homer's Odyssey
Milton's Paradise Lost

Explanation:

Ulysses parallels Homer's Odyssey, with each chapter corresponding to episodes.

Q. 'The Sound and the Fury' was written by:
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
William Faulkner

Explanation:

William Faulkner wrote The Sound and the Fury (1929), set in the American South.

Q. 'The Grapes of Wrath' was written by:
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald
John Steinbeck
Ernest Hemingway

Explanation:

John Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath (1939), about Dust Bowl migrants during the Great Depression.

Q. 'To Kill a Mockingbird' was written by:
Truman Capote
Flannery O'Connor
Harper Lee
Carson McCullers

Explanation:

Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), about racial injustice in the American South.

Q. 'Lord of the Flies' was written by:
William Golding
George Orwell
Aldous Huxley
Anthony Burgess

Explanation:

William Golding wrote Lord of the Flies (1954), an allegory about boys stranded on an island.

Q. 'Brave New World' was written by:
George Orwell
Aldous Huxley
Ray Bradbury
H.G. Wells

Explanation:

Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World (1932), a dystopian novel about a genetically engineered future society.

Q. 'A Passage to India' was written by:
E.M. Forster
Rudyard Kipling
Paul Scott
Somerset Maugham

Explanation:

E.M. Forster wrote A Passage to India (1924), set during the British Raj.

Q. An epistolary novel is written as:
A series of letters
A single monologue
A poem sequence
A diary of one day

Explanation:

An epistolary novel is composed primarily of letters (e.g., Pamela, Dracula).

Q. A bildungsroman is a novel about:
Detective investigations
Coming-of-age and personal growth
Historical events
A journey to a foreign land

Explanation:

Bildungsroman means a 'coming-of-age' novel focusing on the protagonist's psychological and moral growth.

Q. A roman à clef is a novel that:
Disguises real people as fictional characters
Follows a strict plot structure
Is written in Latin
Focuses on a single day

Explanation:

A roman à clef ('novel with a key') masks real people behind fictional characters.

Q. A picaresque novel typically features:
A philosophical debate
A single tragic event
A fixed setting only
A roguish hero's episodic adventures

Explanation:

A picaresque novel follows a roguish hero (picaro) through episodic adventures (e.g., Tom Jones, Don Quixote).

Q. Stream of consciousness as a narrative technique is most associated with:
Romantic poets
Augustan satirists
Victorian novelists
Modernist writers like Woolf and Joyce

Explanation:

Stream of consciousness is associated with modernists like Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.

Q. The 'theatre of the absurd' overlaps most with which novelistic mode?
Historical romance
Existentialist and absurdist fiction
Sentimental comedy
Detective fiction

Explanation:

Absurdist fiction (Beckett, Kafka) shares with absurdist drama the theme of existential meaninglessness.

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