Here is the completely updated `question.php`.
I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages.
Replace your entire `question.php` with this:
```php
English Literature MCQs Questions
Q.
Who is considered the father of English poetry?
John Milton
Geoffrey Chaucer
Edmund Spenser
William Shakespeare
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) is called the father of English poetry for establishing Middle English literary tradition, especially via The Canterbury Tales.
Q.
The Canterbury Tales was written by:
John Gower
Thomas Malory
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Langland
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), a collection of stories told by pilgrims.
Q.
Who wrote 'Paradise Lost'?
John Milton
John Donne
Alexander Pope
John Dryden
Explanation:
John Milton wrote Paradise Lost (1667), an epic poem about the fall of man.
Q.
Shakespeare wrote how many plays (approximately)?
20
37–39
100
50
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote approximately 37–39 plays, alongside 154 sonnets.
Q.
Shakespeare's sonnets number:
50
200
154
100
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, published in 1609.
Q.
Who wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'?
Charlotte Brontë
George Eliot
Mary Shelley
Jane Austen
Explanation:
Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice (1813), a novel of manners about the Bennet family.
Q.
Who wrote 'Oliver Twist'?
George Eliot
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens
William Thackeray
Explanation:
Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist (1838), about an orphan in Victorian England.
Q.
Which poet is known as the 'Lake Poet' along with Wordsworth?
John Keats
Lord Byron
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, along with William Wordsworth, was a central Lake Poet. Robert Southey was also included.
Q.
The Romantic Movement in English literature peaked during which period?
1798–1832
1837–1901
1660–1700
1900–1950
Explanation:
The Romantic Movement flourished c. 1798 (Lyrical Ballads) to c. 1832.
Q.
Lyrical Ballads (1798) was co-authored by:
Byron and Shelley
Blake and Burns
Wordsworth and Coleridge
Keats and Shelley
Explanation:
Lyrical Ballads was jointly written by Wordsworth and Coleridge, marking the start of English Romanticism.
Q.
'Ode to a Nightingale' was written by:
William Wordsworth
Lord Byron
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
John Keats wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale' in 1819, one of his six great odes.
Q.
'Ozymandias' was written by:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
John Keats
Explanation:
Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote 'Ozymandias' (1818), about the ruins of a once-great king.
Q.
'Kubla Khan' was written by:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
John Keats
William Blake
Robert Southey
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote 'Kubla Khan', reportedly from an opium dream.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Waste Land'?
W.H. Auden
Ezra Pound
W.B. Yeats
T.S. Eliot
Explanation:
T.S. Eliot wrote The Waste Land (1922), a landmark of Modernist poetry.
Q.
'The Old Man and the Sea' was written by:
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
William Faulkner
Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea (1952), which won the Pulitzer Prize.
Q.
Which novel begins with 'Call me Ishmael'?
The Scarlet Letter
The Great Gatsby
Moby-Dick
Huckleberry Finn
Explanation:
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick opens with 'Call me Ishmael'.
Q.
George Orwell's '1984' describes:
A dystopian totalitarian future
Victorian England
A romance between two aristocrats
A rural farming community
Explanation:
1984 (1949) describes a dystopian totalitarian future dominated by Big Brother and the Party.
Q.
Who wrote 'Animal Farm'?
Aldous Huxley
Arthur Koestler
George Orwell
H.G. Wells
Explanation:
George Orwell wrote Animal Farm (1945), a political allegory about the Russian Revolution.
Q.
The first English novel is often considered to be:
Tom Jones
Robinson Crusoe
Pamela
Gulliver's Travels
Explanation:
Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) is often called the first English novel.
Q.
'Gulliver's Travels' was written by:
Daniel Defoe
Samuel Richardson
Jonathan Swift
Henry Fielding
Explanation:
Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels (1726), a satirical novel.
Q.
Who is the author of 'Frankenstein'?
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Mary Shelley
Bram Stoker
Explanation:
Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein (1818), considered the first science fiction novel.
Q.
'Jane Eyre' was written by:
Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë
Jane Austen
Anne Brontë
Explanation:
Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre (1847) under the pen name Currer Bell.
Q.
'Wuthering Heights' was written by:
Anne Brontë
Jane Austen
Charlotte Brontë
Emily Brontë
Explanation:
Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights (1847) under the pen name Ellis Bell.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Great Gatsby'?
F. Scott Fitzgerald
John Steinbeck
William Faulkner
Ernest Hemingway
Explanation:
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby (1925), a novel about the Jazz Age.
Q.
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in which year?
1895
1901
1910
1920
Explanation:
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme.