Here is the completely updated `question.php`.
I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages.
Replace your entire `question.php` with this:
```php
English Literature MCQs Questions
Q.
Who is considered the father of English poetry?
William Shakespeare
Edmund Spenser
John Milton
Geoffrey Chaucer
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) is called the father of English poetry for establishing Middle English literary tradition, especially via The Canterbury Tales.
Q.
The Canterbury Tales was written by:
John Gower
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Langland
Thomas Malory
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), a collection of stories told by pilgrims.
Q.
Who wrote 'Paradise Lost'?
Alexander Pope
John Milton
John Donne
John Dryden
Explanation:
John Milton wrote Paradise Lost (1667), an epic poem about the fall of man.
Q.
Shakespeare wrote how many plays (approximately)?
20
50
100
37–39
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote approximately 37–39 plays, alongside 154 sonnets.
Q.
Shakespeare's sonnets number:
100
154
200
50
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, published in 1609.
Q.
Who wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'?
Mary Shelley
George Eliot
Jane Austen
Charlotte Brontë
Explanation:
Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice (1813), a novel of manners about the Bennet family.
Q.
Who wrote 'Oliver Twist'?
Thomas Hardy
William Thackeray
George Eliot
Charles Dickens
Explanation:
Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist (1838), about an orphan in Victorian England.
Q.
Which poet is known as the 'Lake Poet' along with Wordsworth?
Percy Bysshe Shelley
John Keats
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Lord Byron
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, along with William Wordsworth, was a central Lake Poet. Robert Southey was also included.
Q.
The Romantic Movement in English literature peaked during which period?
1837–1901
1660–1700
1900–1950
1798–1832
Explanation:
The Romantic Movement flourished c. 1798 (Lyrical Ballads) to c. 1832.
Q.
Lyrical Ballads (1798) was co-authored by:
Wordsworth and Coleridge
Blake and Burns
Keats and Shelley
Byron and Shelley
Explanation:
Lyrical Ballads was jointly written by Wordsworth and Coleridge, marking the start of English Romanticism.
Q.
'Ode to a Nightingale' was written by:
William Wordsworth
John Keats
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
John Keats wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale' in 1819, one of his six great odes.
Q.
'Ozymandias' was written by:
Lord Byron
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote 'Ozymandias' (1818), about the ruins of a once-great king.
Q.
'Kubla Khan' was written by:
William Blake
John Keats
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Robert Southey
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote 'Kubla Khan', reportedly from an opium dream.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Waste Land'?
W.H. Auden
W.B. Yeats
T.S. Eliot
Ezra Pound
Explanation:
T.S. Eliot wrote The Waste Land (1922), a landmark of Modernist poetry.
Q.
'The Old Man and the Sea' was written by:
Ernest Hemingway
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
William Faulkner
Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea (1952), which won the Pulitzer Prize.
Q.
Which novel begins with 'Call me Ishmael'?
The Scarlet Letter
The Great Gatsby
Moby-Dick
Huckleberry Finn
Explanation:
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick opens with 'Call me Ishmael'.
Q.
George Orwell's '1984' describes:
Victorian England
A dystopian totalitarian future
A romance between two aristocrats
A rural farming community
Explanation:
1984 (1949) describes a dystopian totalitarian future dominated by Big Brother and the Party.
Q.
Who wrote 'Animal Farm'?
Arthur Koestler
Aldous Huxley
George Orwell
H.G. Wells
Explanation:
George Orwell wrote Animal Farm (1945), a political allegory about the Russian Revolution.
Q.
The first English novel is often considered to be:
Gulliver's Travels
Robinson Crusoe
Pamela
Tom Jones
Explanation:
Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) is often called the first English novel.
Q.
'Gulliver's Travels' was written by:
Henry Fielding
Jonathan Swift
Daniel Defoe
Samuel Richardson
Explanation:
Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels (1726), a satirical novel.
Q.
Who is the author of 'Frankenstein'?
Bram Stoker
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Mary Shelley
Lord Byron
Explanation:
Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein (1818), considered the first science fiction novel.
Q.
'Jane Eyre' was written by:
Charlotte Brontë
Emily Brontë
Anne Brontë
Jane Austen
Explanation:
Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre (1847) under the pen name Currer Bell.
Q.
'Wuthering Heights' was written by:
Charlotte Brontë
Anne Brontë
Emily Brontë
Jane Austen
Explanation:
Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights (1847) under the pen name Ellis Bell.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Great Gatsby'?
F. Scott Fitzgerald
William Faulkner
John Steinbeck
Ernest Hemingway
Explanation:
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby (1925), a novel about the Jazz Age.
Q.
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in which year?
1920
1901
1895
1910
Explanation:
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme.