Here is the completely updated `question.php`.
I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages.
Replace your entire `question.php` with this:
```php
English Literature MCQs Questions
Q.
Who is considered the father of English poetry?
William Shakespeare
Geoffrey Chaucer
John Milton
Edmund Spenser
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) is called the father of English poetry for establishing Middle English literary tradition, especially via The Canterbury Tales.
Q.
The Canterbury Tales was written by:
Geoffrey Chaucer
John Gower
Thomas Malory
William Langland
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), a collection of stories told by pilgrims.
Q.
Who wrote 'Paradise Lost'?
John Dryden
Alexander Pope
John Milton
John Donne
Explanation:
John Milton wrote Paradise Lost (1667), an epic poem about the fall of man.
Q.
Shakespeare wrote how many plays (approximately)?
20
37–39
50
100
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote approximately 37–39 plays, alongside 154 sonnets.
Q.
Shakespeare's sonnets number:
50
100
154
200
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, published in 1609.
Q.
Who wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'?
George Eliot
Charlotte Brontë
Mary Shelley
Jane Austen
Explanation:
Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice (1813), a novel of manners about the Bennet family.
Q.
Who wrote 'Oliver Twist'?
Thomas Hardy
William Thackeray
George Eliot
Charles Dickens
Explanation:
Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist (1838), about an orphan in Victorian England.
Q.
Which poet is known as the 'Lake Poet' along with Wordsworth?
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
John Keats
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, along with William Wordsworth, was a central Lake Poet. Robert Southey was also included.
Q.
The Romantic Movement in English literature peaked during which period?
1798–1832
1660–1700
1900–1950
1837–1901
Explanation:
The Romantic Movement flourished c. 1798 (Lyrical Ballads) to c. 1832.
Q.
Lyrical Ballads (1798) was co-authored by:
Keats and Shelley
Byron and Shelley
Blake and Burns
Wordsworth and Coleridge
Explanation:
Lyrical Ballads was jointly written by Wordsworth and Coleridge, marking the start of English Romanticism.
Q.
'Ode to a Nightingale' was written by:
John Keats
William Wordsworth
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
John Keats wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale' in 1819, one of his six great odes.
Q.
'Ozymandias' was written by:
John Keats
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Explanation:
Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote 'Ozymandias' (1818), about the ruins of a once-great king.
Q.
'Kubla Khan' was written by:
William Blake
John Keats
Robert Southey
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote 'Kubla Khan', reportedly from an opium dream.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Waste Land'?
W.H. Auden
T.S. Eliot
W.B. Yeats
Ezra Pound
Explanation:
T.S. Eliot wrote The Waste Land (1922), a landmark of Modernist poetry.
Q.
'The Old Man and the Sea' was written by:
Ernest Hemingway
William Faulkner
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea (1952), which won the Pulitzer Prize.
Q.
Which novel begins with 'Call me Ishmael'?
The Scarlet Letter
Huckleberry Finn
The Great Gatsby
Moby-Dick
Explanation:
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick opens with 'Call me Ishmael'.
Q.
George Orwell's '1984' describes:
A rural farming community
Victorian England
A dystopian totalitarian future
A romance between two aristocrats
Explanation:
1984 (1949) describes a dystopian totalitarian future dominated by Big Brother and the Party.
Q.
Who wrote 'Animal Farm'?
Arthur Koestler
George Orwell
Aldous Huxley
H.G. Wells
Explanation:
George Orwell wrote Animal Farm (1945), a political allegory about the Russian Revolution.
Q.
The first English novel is often considered to be:
Robinson Crusoe
Pamela
Tom Jones
Gulliver's Travels
Explanation:
Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) is often called the first English novel.
Q.
'Gulliver's Travels' was written by:
Henry Fielding
Jonathan Swift
Samuel Richardson
Daniel Defoe
Explanation:
Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels (1726), a satirical novel.
Q.
Who is the author of 'Frankenstein'?
Mary Shelley
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Bram Stoker
Explanation:
Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein (1818), considered the first science fiction novel.
Q.
'Jane Eyre' was written by:
Charlotte Brontë
Jane Austen
Anne Brontë
Emily Brontë
Explanation:
Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre (1847) under the pen name Currer Bell.
Q.
'Wuthering Heights' was written by:
Jane Austen
Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë
Anne Brontë
Explanation:
Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights (1847) under the pen name Ellis Bell.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Great Gatsby'?
John Steinbeck
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Explanation:
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby (1925), a novel about the Jazz Age.
Q.
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in which year?
1901
1895
1920
1910
Explanation:
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme.