Here is the completely updated `question.php`.
I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages.
Replace your entire `question.php` with this:
```php
English Literature MCQs Questions
Q.
Who is considered the father of English poetry?
Edmund Spenser
William Shakespeare
John Milton
Geoffrey Chaucer
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) is called the father of English poetry for establishing Middle English literary tradition, especially via The Canterbury Tales.
Q.
The Canterbury Tales was written by:
William Langland
Thomas Malory
John Gower
Geoffrey Chaucer
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), a collection of stories told by pilgrims.
Q.
Who wrote 'Paradise Lost'?
John Dryden
John Milton
Alexander Pope
John Donne
Explanation:
John Milton wrote Paradise Lost (1667), an epic poem about the fall of man.
Q.
Shakespeare wrote how many plays (approximately)?
37–39
20
50
100
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote approximately 37–39 plays, alongside 154 sonnets.
Q.
Shakespeare's sonnets number:
100
50
154
200
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, published in 1609.
Q.
Who wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'?
Mary Shelley
Charlotte Brontë
Jane Austen
George Eliot
Explanation:
Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice (1813), a novel of manners about the Bennet family.
Q.
Who wrote 'Oliver Twist'?
William Thackeray
George Eliot
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens
Explanation:
Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist (1838), about an orphan in Victorian England.
Q.
Which poet is known as the 'Lake Poet' along with Wordsworth?
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
John Keats
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, along with William Wordsworth, was a central Lake Poet. Robert Southey was also included.
Q.
The Romantic Movement in English literature peaked during which period?
1837–1901
1660–1700
1900–1950
1798–1832
Explanation:
The Romantic Movement flourished c. 1798 (Lyrical Ballads) to c. 1832.
Q.
Lyrical Ballads (1798) was co-authored by:
Wordsworth and Coleridge
Byron and Shelley
Keats and Shelley
Blake and Burns
Explanation:
Lyrical Ballads was jointly written by Wordsworth and Coleridge, marking the start of English Romanticism.
Q.
'Ode to a Nightingale' was written by:
William Wordsworth
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
John Keats
Explanation:
John Keats wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale' in 1819, one of his six great odes.
Q.
'Ozymandias' was written by:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Lord Byron
Percy Bysshe Shelley
John Keats
Explanation:
Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote 'Ozymandias' (1818), about the ruins of a once-great king.
Q.
'Kubla Khan' was written by:
Robert Southey
William Blake
John Keats
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote 'Kubla Khan', reportedly from an opium dream.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Waste Land'?
T.S. Eliot
Ezra Pound
W.B. Yeats
W.H. Auden
Explanation:
T.S. Eliot wrote The Waste Land (1922), a landmark of Modernist poetry.
Q.
'The Old Man and the Sea' was written by:
Ernest Hemingway
John Steinbeck
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea (1952), which won the Pulitzer Prize.
Q.
Which novel begins with 'Call me Ishmael'?
The Scarlet Letter
Huckleberry Finn
The Great Gatsby
Moby-Dick
Explanation:
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick opens with 'Call me Ishmael'.
Q.
George Orwell's '1984' describes:
A rural farming community
Victorian England
A dystopian totalitarian future
A romance between two aristocrats
Explanation:
1984 (1949) describes a dystopian totalitarian future dominated by Big Brother and the Party.
Q.
Who wrote 'Animal Farm'?
H.G. Wells
George Orwell
Arthur Koestler
Aldous Huxley
Explanation:
George Orwell wrote Animal Farm (1945), a political allegory about the Russian Revolution.
Q.
The first English novel is often considered to be:
Gulliver's Travels
Tom Jones
Robinson Crusoe
Pamela
Explanation:
Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) is often called the first English novel.
Q.
'Gulliver's Travels' was written by:
Jonathan Swift
Daniel Defoe
Samuel Richardson
Henry Fielding
Explanation:
Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels (1726), a satirical novel.
Q.
Who is the author of 'Frankenstein'?
Bram Stoker
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Lord Byron
Mary Shelley
Explanation:
Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein (1818), considered the first science fiction novel.
Q.
'Jane Eyre' was written by:
Charlotte Brontë
Emily Brontë
Jane Austen
Anne Brontë
Explanation:
Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre (1847) under the pen name Currer Bell.
Q.
'Wuthering Heights' was written by:
Emily Brontë
Anne Brontë
Charlotte Brontë
Jane Austen
Explanation:
Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights (1847) under the pen name Ellis Bell.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Great Gatsby'?
William Faulkner
Ernest Hemingway
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Explanation:
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby (1925), a novel about the Jazz Age.
Q.
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in which year?
1920
1895
1910
1901
Explanation:
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme.