Here is the completely updated `question.php`.
I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages.
Replace your entire `question.php` with this:
```php
English Literature MCQs Questions
Q.
Who is considered the father of English poetry?
William Shakespeare
Edmund Spenser
John Milton
Geoffrey Chaucer
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) is called the father of English poetry for establishing Middle English literary tradition, especially via The Canterbury Tales.
Q.
The Canterbury Tales was written by:
William Langland
John Gower
Thomas Malory
Geoffrey Chaucer
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), a collection of stories told by pilgrims.
Q.
Who wrote 'Paradise Lost'?
John Donne
John Milton
Alexander Pope
John Dryden
Explanation:
John Milton wrote Paradise Lost (1667), an epic poem about the fall of man.
Q.
Shakespeare wrote how many plays (approximately)?
37–39
20
50
100
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote approximately 37–39 plays, alongside 154 sonnets.
Q.
Shakespeare's sonnets number:
50
154
200
100
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, published in 1609.
Q.
Who wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'?
Mary Shelley
George Eliot
Jane Austen
Charlotte Brontë
Explanation:
Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice (1813), a novel of manners about the Bennet family.
Q.
Who wrote 'Oliver Twist'?
Thomas Hardy
Charles Dickens
George Eliot
William Thackeray
Explanation:
Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist (1838), about an orphan in Victorian England.
Q.
Which poet is known as the 'Lake Poet' along with Wordsworth?
Lord Byron
John Keats
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, along with William Wordsworth, was a central Lake Poet. Robert Southey was also included.
Q.
The Romantic Movement in English literature peaked during which period?
1660–1700
1798–1832
1900–1950
1837–1901
Explanation:
The Romantic Movement flourished c. 1798 (Lyrical Ballads) to c. 1832.
Q.
Lyrical Ballads (1798) was co-authored by:
Keats and Shelley
Blake and Burns
Wordsworth and Coleridge
Byron and Shelley
Explanation:
Lyrical Ballads was jointly written by Wordsworth and Coleridge, marking the start of English Romanticism.
Q.
'Ode to a Nightingale' was written by:
Lord Byron
William Wordsworth
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
John Keats wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale' in 1819, one of his six great odes.
Q.
'Ozymandias' was written by:
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Lord Byron
Explanation:
Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote 'Ozymandias' (1818), about the ruins of a once-great king.
Q.
'Kubla Khan' was written by:
John Keats
Robert Southey
William Blake
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote 'Kubla Khan', reportedly from an opium dream.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Waste Land'?
W.H. Auden
T.S. Eliot
W.B. Yeats
Ezra Pound
Explanation:
T.S. Eliot wrote The Waste Land (1922), a landmark of Modernist poetry.
Q.
'The Old Man and the Sea' was written by:
F. Scott Fitzgerald
John Steinbeck
William Faulkner
Ernest Hemingway
Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea (1952), which won the Pulitzer Prize.
Q.
Which novel begins with 'Call me Ishmael'?
Moby-Dick
Huckleberry Finn
The Great Gatsby
The Scarlet Letter
Explanation:
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick opens with 'Call me Ishmael'.
Q.
George Orwell's '1984' describes:
Victorian England
A dystopian totalitarian future
A romance between two aristocrats
A rural farming community
Explanation:
1984 (1949) describes a dystopian totalitarian future dominated by Big Brother and the Party.
Q.
Who wrote 'Animal Farm'?
H.G. Wells
Aldous Huxley
George Orwell
Arthur Koestler
Explanation:
George Orwell wrote Animal Farm (1945), a political allegory about the Russian Revolution.
Q.
The first English novel is often considered to be:
Pamela
Gulliver's Travels
Robinson Crusoe
Tom Jones
Explanation:
Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) is often called the first English novel.
Q.
'Gulliver's Travels' was written by:
Samuel Richardson
Jonathan Swift
Henry Fielding
Daniel Defoe
Explanation:
Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels (1726), a satirical novel.
Q.
Who is the author of 'Frankenstein'?
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Mary Shelley
Bram Stoker
Lord Byron
Explanation:
Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein (1818), considered the first science fiction novel.
Q.
'Jane Eyre' was written by:
Jane Austen
Charlotte Brontë
Anne Brontë
Emily Brontë
Explanation:
Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre (1847) under the pen name Currer Bell.
Q.
'Wuthering Heights' was written by:
Charlotte Brontë
Emily Brontë
Anne Brontë
Jane Austen
Explanation:
Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights (1847) under the pen name Ellis Bell.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Great Gatsby'?
John Steinbeck
Ernest Hemingway
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Explanation:
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby (1925), a novel about the Jazz Age.
Q.
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in which year?
1910
1895
1920
1901
Explanation:
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme.