Here is the completely updated `question.php`.
I added the missing `$breadcrumbs` array and defined `$category_name` and `$topic_name` right before the header is included. This ensures that `header.php` generates the correct Breadcrumb Schema, page title, and meta description for single question pages.
Replace your entire `question.php` with this:
```php
English Literature MCQs Questions
Q.
Who is considered the father of English poetry?
John Milton
Geoffrey Chaucer
Edmund Spenser
William Shakespeare
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400) is called the father of English poetry for establishing Middle English literary tradition, especially via The Canterbury Tales.
Q.
The Canterbury Tales was written by:
John Gower
Thomas Malory
William Langland
Geoffrey Chaucer
Explanation:
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), a collection of stories told by pilgrims.
Q.
Who wrote 'Paradise Lost'?
John Dryden
John Donne
John Milton
Alexander Pope
Explanation:
John Milton wrote Paradise Lost (1667), an epic poem about the fall of man.
Q.
Shakespeare wrote how many plays (approximately)?
50
37–39
20
100
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote approximately 37–39 plays, alongside 154 sonnets.
Q.
Shakespeare's sonnets number:
100
154
50
200
Explanation:
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, published in 1609.
Q.
Who wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'?
Jane Austen
George Eliot
Mary Shelley
Charlotte Brontë
Explanation:
Jane Austen wrote Pride and Prejudice (1813), a novel of manners about the Bennet family.
Q.
Who wrote 'Oliver Twist'?
Charles Dickens
Thomas Hardy
George Eliot
William Thackeray
Explanation:
Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist (1838), about an orphan in Victorian England.
Q.
Which poet is known as the 'Lake Poet' along with Wordsworth?
Percy Bysshe Shelley
John Keats
Lord Byron
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, along with William Wordsworth, was a central Lake Poet. Robert Southey was also included.
Q.
The Romantic Movement in English literature peaked during which period?
1837–1901
1660–1700
1798–1832
1900–1950
Explanation:
The Romantic Movement flourished c. 1798 (Lyrical Ballads) to c. 1832.
Q.
Lyrical Ballads (1798) was co-authored by:
Wordsworth and Coleridge
Byron and Shelley
Keats and Shelley
Blake and Burns
Explanation:
Lyrical Ballads was jointly written by Wordsworth and Coleridge, marking the start of English Romanticism.
Q.
'Ode to a Nightingale' was written by:
Lord Byron
William Wordsworth
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
John Keats wrote 'Ode to a Nightingale' in 1819, one of his six great odes.
Q.
'Ozymandias' was written by:
Lord Byron
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Explanation:
Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote 'Ozymandias' (1818), about the ruins of a once-great king.
Q.
'Kubla Khan' was written by:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
John Keats
William Blake
Robert Southey
Explanation:
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote 'Kubla Khan', reportedly from an opium dream.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Waste Land'?
W.B. Yeats
Ezra Pound
T.S. Eliot
W.H. Auden
Explanation:
T.S. Eliot wrote The Waste Land (1922), a landmark of Modernist poetry.
Q.
'The Old Man and the Sea' was written by:
Ernest Hemingway
William Faulkner
John Steinbeck
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea (1952), which won the Pulitzer Prize.
Q.
Which novel begins with 'Call me Ishmael'?
Moby-Dick
Huckleberry Finn
The Great Gatsby
The Scarlet Letter
Explanation:
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick opens with 'Call me Ishmael'.
Q.
George Orwell's '1984' describes:
Victorian England
A romance between two aristocrats
A dystopian totalitarian future
A rural farming community
Explanation:
1984 (1949) describes a dystopian totalitarian future dominated by Big Brother and the Party.
Q.
Who wrote 'Animal Farm'?
George Orwell
Arthur Koestler
Aldous Huxley
H.G. Wells
Explanation:
George Orwell wrote Animal Farm (1945), a political allegory about the Russian Revolution.
Q.
The first English novel is often considered to be:
Tom Jones
Robinson Crusoe
Pamela
Gulliver's Travels
Explanation:
Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) is often called the first English novel.
Q.
'Gulliver's Travels' was written by:
Samuel Richardson
Henry Fielding
Daniel Defoe
Jonathan Swift
Explanation:
Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels (1726), a satirical novel.
Q.
Who is the author of 'Frankenstein'?
Mary Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Lord Byron
Bram Stoker
Explanation:
Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein (1818), considered the first science fiction novel.
Q.
'Jane Eyre' was written by:
Anne Brontë
Emily Brontë
Jane Austen
Charlotte Brontë
Explanation:
Charlotte Brontë wrote Jane Eyre (1847) under the pen name Currer Bell.
Q.
'Wuthering Heights' was written by:
Anne Brontë
Jane Austen
Charlotte Brontë
Emily Brontë
Explanation:
Emily Brontë wrote Wuthering Heights (1847) under the pen name Ellis Bell.
Q.
Who wrote 'The Great Gatsby'?
William Faulkner
John Steinbeck
Ernest Hemingway
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Explanation:
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby (1925), a novel about the Jazz Age.
Q.
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in which year?
1901
1920
1910
1895
Explanation:
The Nobel Prize in Literature was first awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme.